Who are computer hackers? What is free software? And what does the emergence of a community dedicated to the production of free and open source software--and to hacking as a technical, aesthetic, and ...moral project--reveal about the values of contemporary liberalism? Exploring the rise and political significance of the free and open source software (F/OSS) movement in the United States and Europe, Coding Freedom details the ethics behind hackers' devotion to F/OSS, the social codes that guide its production, and the political struggles through which hackers question the scope and direction of copyright and patent law. In telling the story of the F/OSS movement, the book unfolds a broader narrative involving computing, the politics of access, and intellectual property.
E. Gabriella Coleman tracks the ways in which hackers collaborate and examines passionate manifestos, hacker humor, free software project governance, and festive hacker conferences. Looking at the ways that hackers sustain their productive freedom, Coleman shows that these activists, driven by a commitment to their work, reformulate key ideals including free speech, transparency, and meritocracy, and refuse restrictive intellectual protections. Coleman demonstrates how hacking, so often marginalized or misunderstood, sheds light on the continuing relevance of liberalism in online collaboration.
Behavioural type systems in programming languages support the specification and verification of properties of programs beyond the traditional use of type systems to describe data processing. A major ...example of such a property is correctness of communication in concurrent and distributed systems, motivated by the importance of structured communication in modern software. Behavioural Types: from Theory to Tools presents programming languages and software tools produced by members of COST Action IC1201: Behavioural Types for Reliable Large-Scale Software Systems, a European research network that was funded from October 2012 to October 2016. As a survey of the most recent developments in the application of behavioural type systems, it is a valuable reference for researchers in the field, as well as an introduction to the area for graduate students and software developers.
Los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, hoy en día requieren de soportes pedagógicos que le permitan al docente generar un espacio de interacción real desde el aula, para el estudiante con su carrera; ...la formación de profesionales en ciencias de la tierra o de ingeniería, debe estar acompañada de la enseñanza de programación de computadoras, utilizando lenguajes de alto nivel, de descarga gratuita y de código abierto, como recurso aplicado a la solución de problemas específicos, presentados en la estabilidad de taludes. Aquí se muestra un aplicativo en Python para calcular y graficar el factor de seguridad de un talud, a través de una Interfaz Gráfica de Usuario (IGU), insertando: librerías, variables, funciones y widgets propias de este lenguaje. El factor de seguridad obtenido por el aplicativo es de 1.26, que coincide con el obtenido por el procedimiento manual, la coordenada que grafica el factor de seguridad (Fs), para determinar su sensibilidad, en función de la altura recíproca del talud (H-1) sobre la recta será de (0.005, 1.26), y la coordenada de corte será de (0,0.8).
Coding, once considered an arcane craft practiced by solitary techies, is now recognized by educators and theorists as a crucial skill, even a new literacy, for all children. Programming is often ...promoted in K-12 schools as a way to encourage "computational thinking" -- which has now become the umbrella term for understanding what computer science has to contribute to reasoning and communicating in an ever-increasingly digital world.InConnected Code,Yasmin Kafai and Quinn Burke argue that although computational thinking represents an excellent starting point, the broader conception of "computational participation" better captures the twenty-first-century reality. Computational participation moves beyond the individual to focus on wider social networks and a DIY culture of digital "making." Kafai and Burke describe contemporary examples of computational participation: students who code not for the sake of coding but to create games, stories, and animations to share; the emergence of youth programming communities; the practices and ethical challenges of remixing (rather than starting from scratch); and the move beyond stationary screens to programmable toys, tools, and textiles.
Probabilistic Logic Programming extends Logic Programming by enabling the representation of uncertain information by means of probability theory. Probabilistic Logic Programming is at the ...intersection of two wider research fields: the integration of logic and probability and Probabilistic Programming.
Logic enables the representation of complex relations among entities while probability theory is useful for model uncertainty over attributes and relations. Combining the two is a very active field of study.
Probabilistic Programming extends programming languages with probabilistic primitives that can be used to write complex probabilistic models. Algorithms for the inference and learning tasks are then provided automatically by the system.
Probabilistic Logic programming is at the same time a logic language, with its knowledge representation capabilities, and a Turing complete language, with its computation capabilities, thus providing the best of both worlds.
Since its birth, the field of Probabilistic Logic Programming has seen a steady increase of activity, with many proposals for languages and algorithms for inference and learning. Foundations of Probabilistic Logic Programming aims at providing an overview of the field with a special emphasis on languages under the Distribution Semantics, one of the most influential approaches. The book presents the main ideas for semantics, inference, and learning and highlights connections between the methods.
Many examples of the book include a link to a page of the web application http://cplint.eu where the code can be run online.
Software applications have taken over our lives. We use and are used by software many times a day. Nevertheless, we know very little about the invisibly ubiquitous workers who write software. Who are ...they and how do they perceive their own practice? How does that shape the ways in which they collaborate to build the myriad of apps that we use every day? Coderspeak provides a critical approach to the digital transformation of our world through an engaging and thoughtful analysis of the people who write software. It is a focused and in-depth look at one programming language and its community – Ruby - based on ethnographic research at a London company and conversations with members of the wider Ruby community in Europe, the Americas and Japan. This book shows that the place people write code, the language they write it in and the stories shared by that community are crucial in questioning and unpacking what it means to be a ‘coder’. Understanding this social group is essential if we are to grasp a future (and a present) in which computer programming increasingly dominates our lives. Praise for Coderspeak 'Heurich perfectly captures the generous camaraderie, quirky spirit and intellectual curiosity at the heart of the Ruby world. Packed with tidbits of Ruby history, code snippets, and fascinating conversations, this book has something to teach every Rubyist.' Jemma Issroff, Ruby Core Team
This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 32nd European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2023, which was held during April 22-27, 2023, in Paris, France, as part of the European Joint ...Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2023. The 20 regular papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. They deal with fundamental issues in the specification, design, analysis, and implementation of programming languages and systems.
Automatic transmission system is the core part of vehicle transmission processing, which can improve driving safety. In order to improve the shift effect of automotive automatic mechanical ...transmission and narrow the gap between the vehicle speed and the expected speed, an automotive automatic mechanical transmission system based on torsional damping was designed in the experiment. On the basis of hardware composed of different modules and fuzzy control algorithm, the system realizes the software design of vehicle automatic mechanical transmission system. The experimental results show that when the system is applied in practice, the gear selection time of the vehicle is between 0.2 s-0.3 s, and the gear shift time is between 0.3 s-0.4 s. The gap between the vehicle speed and the expected speed, and between the vehicle speed and the expected speed is small. The practical application effect is good.
Competition-level code generation with AlphaCode Li, Yujia; Choi, David; Chung, Junyoung ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
12/2022, Letnik:
378, Številka:
6624
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Programming is a powerful and ubiquitous problem-solving tool. Systems that can assist programmers or even generate programs themselves could make programming more productive and accessible. Recent ...transformer-based neural network models show impressive code generation abilities yet still perform poorly on more complex tasks requiring problem-solving skills, such as competitive programming problems. Here, we introduce AlphaCode, a system for code generation that achieved an average ranking in the top 54.3% in simulated evaluations on recent programming competitions on the Codeforces platform. AlphaCode solves problems by generating millions of diverse programs using specially trained transformer-based networks and then filtering and clustering those programs to a maximum of just 10 submissions. This result marks the first time an artificial intelligence system has performed competitively in programming competitions.
