Concerns with cultural variation and epistemic perspectives have played major roles in experimental semantics. They dominate Li's book (2023). Li's own experimental work provides two promising ...explanations of the cultural variation: Chinese, but not Americans, tend to agree with a character's false statement because they think it is not her fault that she is wrong or because they are socially conforming. So, the notice argues, the cultural variation is a red herring to the theory of reference. Li preferred explanation is that Chinese and Americans take different epistemic perspectives. The notice argues that this is misguided and another red herring.
SOCIAL TYPES IN TRANSITIVE SOCIETY Svetlana N. Yaremenko; Tamara A. Bondarenko; Ekaterina G. Kurova
Vestnik Donskogo gosudarstvennogo tehničeskogo universiteta (Online),
07/2018, Letnik:
11, Številka:
9
Journal Article
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Some sociocultural and social-psychological personality characteristics in the transitive society are analyzed. The effect of such determinants as apathy and vacuum on the human behaviour is shown. ...The characteristics of ‘mass man’, ‘resting man’, ‘paradoxical man’ are presented.
How should we understand virtualization? Why should we think virtualization? Indeed, man is homo faber and in this respect the human being is the creator of instruments par excellence. In human ...history, every historical phase was in a significant manner defined by the renewal invention and renovation of instruments. Isn’t this overthinking an instrumental technological development that was only to be expected from man? In this perspective, nothing is really new: the age of virtualization gains shape via the opportunities presented by this new instrument of virtualization and capitalized by the human beings and by their societal structures. However, the greatest enabler of our times is the greatest transformer and the greatest challenge. One should notice: a challenge is a more or less actualized as a threat, too. Virtualization means in our interpretation connection via assessment, measurement, a numeral way of intellective relation. Here lays the root of the threat. Virtualization is interpretable as assessment and measurement. This is at least problematic, if not dangerous. The number of visualizations, the number of clicks, the number of “likes”, such numbers are descriptions of goals in a digitalized world. Virtualization is the foundation of the world of great numbers where individuals and their alterity represent for the big data algorithms something to be corrected. Virtualization is living in the „virtualization hug box”. The numerous likes, the conformism in all forms and shapes as well as the assessable behaviour represent commercial and educational desirable outcomes via digitalized interactions. The alternative to conformism is for the individual to face indignation, outrage and marginalization – the stern exile among the ranks of “them” who are irreducibly opposed to “us”. The world of becoming, based on the human relations with hopes, imagination, personal projects is fading away. Solidarity without empathy for alterity equals conformism or hypocrisy, both in educational and in social phenomena and actions.
The digital environment is increasingly becoming the first place where consumers will seek information about luxury products and services in the purchasing decisionmaking process. Attitudes of the ...reference group usually play the biggest role in creating consumer attitudes in real world towards luxury brands. However, in collectivist societies, social norms and expectations of society can lead to conformist behavior of individuals in order not to be excluded from the social community. Conformist behavior and adoption of attitudes towards luxury brands can be motivated by the desire of an individual to present themselves as a member of a higher social status, to which they do not otherwise belong, or to stand out from representatives of their own status group by using such brands. Normative conformism is also present in the digital environment. Users of social networks often blindly imitate and adopt the views of the creators of public opinion. Micro and macro influencers are perceived as credible sources of information, which are mostly unreservedly trusted. However, their luxury brand recommendations are often commissioned by the companies that produce them, so the credibility of their recommendations is often questioned.
Editorial Foreword Crina Leon
Revista română de studii Baltice şi Nordice,
12/2019, Letnik:
11, Številka:
2
Journal Article
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The second issue of volume 11 of The Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies includes on the one hand topics of interest for scholars focusing on Medieval Studies, and on the other hand, ...further approaches aspects related to dissent and conformism, which were tackled during the tenth annual international conference on Nordic and Baltic studies in Romania. The conference entitled Dissent versus Conformism in the Nordic, Baltic and Black Sea Areas was held in Constanţa between June 6-8, 2019.
If we analyze the norms that govern language and communication in society, and the consequences of these norms for political participation, we can see that linguistic and communicational conformism ...is ambivalent. A factor of social control by the selection it implies, it also constitutes an asset for those who manage to treat it as a weapon in a strategy aimed at an effective intervention within the public sphere. The development of new communication technologies has undoubtedly renewed the conditions for this participation, but to what extent ?
By considering the theory of basic values, several studies have considered the different underlying value patterns of social dominance orientation (SDO) and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA). ...Recently, the value theory has been developed into a finer set of conceptually distinct values. Specifically, the same key assumptions have been retained, but 19 instead of 10 motivationally distinct values have been distinguished. The aim of the present research is to analyze the relationship between ideological and value orientations, using the refined theory of basic values. In line with previous studies, it was hypothesized that SDO would be mainly placed on the self-enhancement vs. self-transcendence value opposition, while RWA on that of the conservation vs. openness to change. Results on two hundred participants confirm the hypotheses. In particular, dominant people are characterized by a sense of superiority, supremacy, and unfairness, while authoritarian people by the perception of social instability and passive conformism with rules and laws. Moreover, by considering the underlying dimensions of both RWA and SDO, our results provide evidence of some differences existing in their mirror on specific value priorities.
In the contemporary debate about values, information technology constitutes an important source of hard ethical questions and in turn is a testing area for the moral theory of values. Values are ...difficult to track down and yet there are a number of inquiries starting from economics, social psychology, ethics, and political theory that engage with the cognitive, epistemic, and moral status of values. This paper is a contribution to an account of values in connection with information technology. It argues that information technology may provide further support to a theory of values that is able to embrace the transformative effects of the digital revolution. In particular, it is plausible that a non-ideal reflection on digital wrongdoings is better equipped to produce substantive knowledge about values that have been undermined than a different approach focused on ideal guiding values. Moreover, information technology overcomes the vaunted fact/value dichotomy and supports the fact/value entanglement. As the principal concern of data-mining and machine-learning communities are ways of remedying a remarkable number of biases and conformism in techno-social systems, it is within the bounds of possibility to supplement the non-ideal theory from this new practical angle. I therefore call for a fully conceptual consideration of values drawing on the experience and reflection that is growing in the field of information technology.
Preference conformism: An experiment Fatas, Enrique; Hargreaves Heap, Shaun P.; Rojo Arjona, David
European economic review,
06/2018, Letnik:
105
Journal Article
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This paper reports on an experiment designed to test whether people's preferences change to become more alike. Such preference conformism would be worrying for an economics that takes individual ...preferences as given (‘de gustibus es non disputandum’). So the test is important. But it is also difficult. People can behave alike for many reasons and the key to the design of our test, therefore, is the control of the other possible reasons for observing apparent peer effects. We find evidence of preference conformism in the aggregate and at the individual level (where there is heterogeneity). It appears also to be more consistent with Festinger's epistemic account of why it might occur than that of Social Identity Theory.
Toward a General Theory of Peer Effects Boucher, Vincent; Rendall, Michelle; Ushchev, Philip ...
Econometrica,
March 2024, Letnik:
92, Številka:
2
Journal Article
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There is substantial empirical evidence showing that peer effects matter in many activities. The workhorse model in empirical work on peer effects is the linear‐in‐means (LIM) model, whereby it is ...assumed that agents are linearly affected by the mean action of their peers. We develop a new general model of peer effects that relaxes the linear assumption of the best‐reply functions and the mean peer behavior and that encompasses the spillover, conformist model, and LIM model as special cases. Then, using data on adolescent activities in the United States, we structurally estimate this model. We find that for many activities, individuals do not behave according to the LIM model. We run some counterfactual policies and show that imposing the mean action as an individual social norm is misleading and leads to incorrect policy implications.
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