Coronavirus is the catastrophic achievement of modern mankind. The purpose of the present article is a normative proposal for the release of human being that is trapped in a corona; a virus that has ...isolated social man. The problematic of the article is that the coronavirus has shaken the more or less orderly linkage of modern political society (government / civil society / people) that was a relic of European modernity; on the one hand, it has given government’s greater power, on the other hand, it has made the individual weaker. The difficulty with the pandemic disease is that the coronavirus invites the weakened person to segregation and wants the cohabiting person to be the perverted isolator. From a methodological point of view, the author has tried to achieve this reasoning idea by accepting the presupposition of the "three-pronged foundation of the state / civil society / individual in conjunction with a critical approach and by simultaneously using the two "how-is possible" / "how-should" methods; argue that the misnomer of social distancing is a turning point that has necessitated human need for a "virtual civil society". The normative finding of the paper is that one of the ways to reduce the various (physical / psychological) difficulties arising from quarantine / forced housing / displacement / social cohesion is through the corridor of virtual virtualization; A virtual civic community that makes physical segregation and social rapprochement accessible.
The thriving nano-enabled agriculture facilitates the interaction of nanomaterials with plants. Recently, these interactions and their biological effects are receiving increasing attention. Upon ...entering plants via leaves, roots, stems, and other organs, nanoparticles adsorb numerous biomolecules inside plants and form bio-corona. In addition, nanoparticles that enter plants through roots may have formed eco-corona with root exudates in the rhizosphere environment before contacting with plant exogenous proteins. The most significant biological effects of plant protein corona include changes in protein structure and function, as well as changes in nanoparticle toxicity and targeting ability. However, the mechanisms, particularly how protein corona affects plant protein function, plant development and growth, and rhizosphere environment properties, require further investigation. Our review summarizes the current understanding of the formation and biological effects of nanoparticle-plant protein corona and provides an outlook on future research.
•Discussed the formation of bio- and eco-corona coated by plant proteins on NPs.•Reviewed the biological effects of plant protein corona on proteins and NPs.•Highlighted the limitations of previous studies on plant protein coronas.
Abstract
Total solar eclipses (TSEs) provide a unique opportunity to quantify the properties of the K-corona (electrons), F-corona (dust), and E-corona (ions) continuously from the solar surface out ...to a few solar radii. We apply a novel inversion method to separate emission from the K- and F-corona continua using unpolarized total brightness (
tB
) observations from five 0.5 nm bandpasses acquired during the 2019 July 2 TSE between 529.5 and 788.4 nm. The wavelength dependence relative to the photosphere (i.e., color) of the F-corona itself is used to infer the
tB
of the K- and F-corona for each line of sight. We compare our K-corona emission results with the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO) K-Cor polarized brightness (
pB
) observations from the day of the eclipse, and the forward modeled K-corona intensity from the Predictive Science Inc. (PSI) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model prediction. Our results are generally consistent with previous work and match both the MLSO data and PSI-MHD predictions quite well, supporting the validity of our approach and of the PSI-MHD model. However, we find that the
tB
of the F-corona is higher than expected in the low corona, perhaps indicating that the F-corona is slightly polarized—challenging the common assumption that the F-corona is entirely unpolarized.
Abstract
The origin, structure, and propagation characteristics of a switchback are compelling questions posed by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observations of velocity spikes and magnetic field ...reversals. By assuming interchange reconnection between coronal loop and open magnetic field, we show that this results in the generation of upward (into the heliosphere) and downward complex structures propagating at the fast magnetosonic speed (i.e., the Alfvén speed in the low plasma beta corona) that can have an arbitrary radial magnetic field deflection, including “S-shaped.” We derive the evolution equation for the switchback radial magnetic field as it propagates through the inhomogeneous supersonic solar corona. An analytic solution for arbitrary initial conditions is used to investigate the properties of a switchback propagating from launch ∼6 to ∼35
R
⊙
where PSP observed switchbacks during its first encounter. We provide a detailed comparison to an example event, showing that the magnetic field and plasma solutions are in accord with PSP observations. For a simple single switchback, the model predicts either a single or a double-humped structure; the former corresponding to PSP observing either the main body or the flanks of the switchback. The clustering of switchbacks and their sometimes complicated structure may be due to the formation of multiple closely spaced switchbacks created by interchange reconnection with numerous open and loop magnetic field lines over a short period. We show that their evolution yields a complex, aggregated group of switchbacks that includes “sheaths” with large-amplitude radial magnetic field and velocity fluctuations.
Energy is required to heat the outer solar atmosphere to millions of degrees (refs 1, 2) and to accelerate the solar wind to hundreds of kilometres per second (refs 2-6). Alfvén waves (travelling ...oscillations of ions and magnetic field) have been invoked as a possible mechanism to transport magneto-convective energy upwards along the Sun's magnetic field lines into the corona. Previous observations of Alfvénic waves in the corona revealed amplitudes far too small (0.5 km s(-1)) to supply the energy flux (100-200 W m(-2)) required to drive the fast solar wind or balance the radiative losses of the quiet corona. Here we report observations of the transition region (between the chromosphere and the corona) and of the corona that reveal how Alfvénic motions permeate the dynamic and finely structured outer solar atmosphere. The ubiquitous outward-propagating Alfvénic motions observed have amplitudes of the order of 20 km s(-1) and periods of the order of 100-500 s throughout the quiescent atmosphere (compatible with recent investigations), and are energetic enough to accelerate the fast solar wind and heat the quiet corona.
The protein corona formed around nanoparticles in protein-rich fluids plays an important role for nanoparticle biocompatibility, as found in several studies during the last decade. Biological fluids ...have complex compositions and the molecular components interact and function together in intricate networks. Therefore, the process to isolate blood or the preparation of blood derivatives may lead to differences in the composition of the identified protein corona around nanoparticles. Here, we show distinct differences in the protein corona formed in whole blood, whole blood with EDTA, plasma, or serum. Furthermore, the ratio between particle surface area to protein concentration influences the detected corona. We also show that the nanoparticle size per se influences the formed protein corona due to curvature effects. These results emphasize the need of investigating the formation and biological importance of the protein corona in the same environment as the nanoparticles are intended for or released into.
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