Demokratie und Technikfolgenabschätzung Armin Grunwald; Thomas Saretzki
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis (Online),
12/2020, Letnik:
29, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) ist vor über 50 Jahren zur Unterstützung demokratischer Meinungsbildung und Entscheidungsfindung entstanden. Sie hat sich seitdem in demokratischen Gesellschaften ...westlichen Typs weiterentwickelt und diversifiziert. Dieses Modell ist seit einigen Jahren mit Herausforderungen konfrontiert, darunter: (1) In fast allen westlichen Ländern wird anlässlich des Erstarkens populistischer Strömungen von einer Krise der Demokratie gesprochen. (2) Die Digitalisierung ermöglicht neue Kommunikations- und Mobilisierungsmuster weitab von den klassischen Formen demokratischer Meinungs- und Willensbildung. (3) Basisdemokratische und partizipative Verhandlungen werden für die Ausgestaltung und Akzeptanz von neuen Technologien immer relevanter. In dieser Einführung entfalten wir diese Herausforderungen und geben einen Überblick über die Beiträge des TATuP-Themas.
Demokratie und Technikfolgenabschätzung Armin Grunwald; Thomas Saretzki
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis (Online),
12/2020, Letnik:
29, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) ist vor über 50 Jahren zur Unterstützung demokratischer Meinungsbildung und Entscheidungsfindung entstanden. Sie hat sich seitdem in demokratischen Gesellschaften ...westlichen Typs weiterentwickelt und diversifiziert. Dieses Modell ist seit einigen Jahren mit Herausforderungen konfrontiert, darunter: (1) In fast allen westlichen Ländern wird anlässlich des Erstarkens populistischer Strömungen von einer Krise der Demokratie gesprochen. (2) Die Digitalisierung ermöglicht neue Kommunikations- und Mobilisierungsmuster weitab von den klassischen Formen demokratischer Meinungs- und Willensbildung. (3) Basisdemokratische und partizipative Verhandlungen werden für die Ausgestaltung und Akzeptanz von neuen Technologien immer relevanter. In dieser Einführung entfalten wir diese Herausforderungen und geben einen Überblick über die Beiträge des TATuP-Themas.
El presente trabajo se enmarca en los estudios que, en los últimos años, están analizando la actual crisis de la democracia, provocada por la aparición, en distintas regiones del mundo, de ...movimientos políticos populistas. Entenderemos el populismo como un conjunto de discursos y nos centraremos en los medios de comunicación que permiten la difusión entre la población de relatos dicotómicos y sensacionalistas. El trabajo ofrece una doble aportación. En primer lugar, analiza la propaganda difundida a través de los medios digitales por los protagonistas de la política española y mexicana. En segundo lugar, examina el impacto que dichos relatos tienen sobre el debate público, los medios de comunicación tradicionales y los ciudadanos.
O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as mudanças ocorridas no presidencialismo multipartidário brasileiro e como essas mudanças se coadunam com a atual crise da democracia sentida em escala ...global. Os dados apontam para uma forte fragmentação do sistema partidário e para uma mudança no perfil da representação no Congresso Nacional. A junção desses fatores, ao fortalecimento das instituições de controle e o crescente descredito atribuído a classe política, configuraram a partir de 2018 aquilo que se denomina aqui, Presidencialismo de Movimento, fundado em bases distintas do tão propalado presidencialismo de coalizão.
In this paper, we argue against an all-too-easy 'climate bad guy' thesis, which holds that in right-wing populism climate change denialism or at least skepticism is one-dimensional, i.e. right-wing ...populist parties generally reject climate change mitigation. To this end, we present a revision of the 'populism as thin-centered ideology' approach and situate populist politics in the context of a process we refer to as devolution of democracy. We develop a heuristic list of distinct populist climate policy claims for empirical investigation and then apply a contextualist approach by examining differing right-wing populist party positions on climate change mitigation within a two-level framework that covers their positioning towards both the global climate agenda and domestic low-carbon policies. We substantiate our thesis that populist climate politics is retrograde as well as context-relative by drawing on empirical cases from Germany, Austria, and Poland.
Why leaders, not citizens, are the driving force in
Europe's crisis of democracy A seeming explosion of
support for right-wing populist parties has triggered widespread
fears that liberal democracy ...is facing its worst crisis since the
1930s. Democracy Erodes from the Top reveals that the real
crisis stems not from an increasingly populist public but from
political leaders who exploit or mismanage the chronic
vulnerabilities of democracy. In this provocative book, Larry
Bartels dismantles the pervasive myth of a populist wave in
contemporary European public opinion. While there has always been a
substantial reservoir of populist sentiment, Europeans are no less
trusting of their politicians and parliaments than they were two
decades ago, no less enthusiastic about European integration, and
no less satisfied with the workings of democracy. Anti-immigrant
sentiment has waned. Electoral support for right-wing populist
parties has increased only modestly, reflecting the idiosyncratic
successes of populist entrepreneurs, the failures of mainstream
parties, and media hype. Europe's most sobering examples of
democratic backsliding-in Hungary and Poland-occurred not because
voters wanted authoritarianism but because conventional
conservative parties, once elected, seized opportunities to
entrench themselves in power. By demonstrating the inadequacy of
conventional bottom-up interpretations of Europe's political
crisis, Democracy Erodes from the Top turns our
understanding of democratic politics upside down.
Die Umsetzung der Energiewende begleiten viele Konflikte um das Gemeinwohl, in denen sich zunehmend Phänomene einer Demokratiekrise zeigen. Das deliberative Demokratiemodell stößt hier an Grenzen. ...Der Schlüssel für eine konstruktive Bearbeitung von Klima- und
Demokratiekrise liegt darin, die Konfrontation zwischen konkurrierenden Energiewende-Visionen zu forcieren. Es gilt, den pluralistischen Kern moderner Demokratien und die Legitimität von Konflikten anzuerkennen (conflictual consensus) und auf dieser Basis Konflikte um Gemeinwohlziele
auszutragen.In government policy, security of supply, affordability and the protection of the climate and the environment are postulated as equal goals of the German energy transition (Energiewende). There is no explicit prioritization of these supposed goals. This leads to problems
both in terms of the success of the Energiewende itself, and in terms of its effects on the political culture. Conflicts over the implementation of the Energiewende increasingly reveal a crisis of democracy, which cannot be adequately responded to in negotiations over concrete
energy projects. A one-sided focus on the deliberative model of democracy further exacerbates the symptoms of a democratic crisis. From a radical democratic perspective, the key to constructively addressing both climatic and democratic challenges is to encourage a confrontation between competing
Energiewende visions in a way that is compatible with a pluralistic understanding of democracy.
Este artigo pretende discutir a crise da democracia contemporânea, tema cujo protagonismo permeia, há décadas, debates acadêmicos nos mais variados campos do conhecimento científico. Entretanto, ...dados os múltiplos diagnósticos sobre as suas causas, bem como a necessidade de se conferir profundidade teórica à pesquisa, optou-se pelo exame de apenas duas delas, reconhecidamente nocivas à estabilidade dos Estados Democráticos de Direito: a) o populismo, que tem se fortalecido, nos últimos anos, em razão da escalada de movimentos ligados à extrema direita na Europa e América Latina; e b) a confusão entre poderes públicos e privados, aliada aos efeitos da sua conexão com oligopólios detentores de grandes conglomerados midiáticos. Realizada a investigação, segundo as premissas da metodologia hipotético-dedutiva e da técnica de revisão bibliográfica, foi possível concluir que ambos os fenômenos analisados constituem anomalias institucionais, as quais concorrem para a ruptura da ordem legal e comprometem a clássica separação entre Estado e sociedade.
In some of the most established and supposedly immutable liberal democracies, diverse social groups are losing confidence not only in established democratic institutions, but in the idea of liberal ...representative democracy itself. Meanwhile, an illiberal and anti-egalitarian transformation of democracy evolves at an apparently unstoppable pace. This democratic fatigue syndrome, the present article suggests, is qualitatively different from the crises of democracy which have been debated for some considerable time. Focusing on mature democracies underpinned by the ideational tradition of European Enlightenment, the article theorizes this syndrome and the striking transformation of democracy in terms of a dialectic process in which the very norm that once gave birth to the democratic project - the modernist idea of the autonomous subject - metamorphoses into its gravedigger, or at least into the driver of its radical reformulation. The article further develops aspects of my existing work on second-order emancipation and simulative democracy. Taking a theoretical rather than empirical approach, it aims to provide a conceptual framework for more empirically oriented analyses of changing forms of political articulation and participation.
Cet article montre comment, en prenant comme point de départ l’examen du présidentialisme de coalition brésilien, la notion de pémédébisme (pemedebismo) peut s’inscrire dans le débat actuel sur la ...crise de la démocratie. Dans ce but, il explicite des éléments, des débats et des problématisations sous-jacents à la notion, ainsi que des travaux de ces dernières années qui sont interprétés comme corroborant les principales hypothèses explicatives qui en découlent. Ainsi est-il possible d’actualiser la notion de pemedebismo dans la conjoncture brésilienne et mondiale actuelle.
O artigo pretende mostrar como a noção de pemedebismo pode se inserir no atual debate sobre a crise da democracia, tendo como ponto de partida o exame do presidencialismo de coalizão brasileiro. Para tanto, explicita elementos, debates e problematizações subjacentes à noção, bem como recorre a trabalhos de anos recentes que são interpretados como corroborativos de suas principais hipóteses explicativas. Ambos os momentos devem colaborar para uma atualização da noção de pemedebismo em vista da atual conjuntura brasileira e global.
This article shows how the notion of pemedebismo can be inserted into current debates over the crisis of democracy, beginning with an examination of Brazil’s coalitional presidentialism. To that end, it presents elements, debates, and questions underlying the notion, as well as using works from recent years that corroborate its main explanatory hypotheses. Together, these discussions bring up to date the notion of pemedebismo in view of the current Brazilian and global conjuncture.
PDF
