Specifics of Decision Making in Modern Business Systemsfocuses on the regularities and tendencies that are peculiar for the modern Russian practice of decision making in business systems, as well as ...the authors' solutions for its optimization in view of new challenges and possibilities.
This paper investigates the decision-theoretic rough sets involved multiple decision-makers with linguistic evaluation information for the uncertainty and risk under the framework of three-way ...decisions theory. We first discuss the probabilistic rough fuzzy set model with linguistic information for the value of objects on the universe about the attribute set. Subsequently, we present the decision-theoretic rough fuzzy set with linguistic information for the loss functions. Then, we establish the three-way decisions based on linguistic information-based decision-theoretic rough fuzzy set as well as the corresponded decision rules that satisfy minimum risk are given. Furthermore, we consider a kind of multiple attribute group decision making problem with linguistic information and then present a new decision model using the decision-theoretic rough fuzzy set with linguistic information-based three-way decisions. Finally, the proposed decision model and method is applied to an emergency decision making problem of unconventional emergency events, the steps and the principle of the proposed method are illustrated by a numerical example with the background of emergency decision-making.
•A linguistic information-based probabilistic rough fuzzy set model.•Three-way decisions with linguistic information-based decision-theoretic rough fuzzy sets.•An approach to multiple criterion group decision making based on three-way decisions with linguistic information.•An application of the method to evaluation of the emergency plans of unconventional emergency events.
The reference quality effect is an important factor that influences consumer purchasing behavior. To investigate how firms should incorporate the reference quality effect under different business ...models, we focus on a supply chain consisting of a supplier and a retailer where the retailer can be an offline store, a pure online store or a combination of offline and online stores within an offline to online model. We formulate the reference quality effect with a modified Nerlove-Arrow model and use two different sales functions to reflect the fact that the reference quality effect will affect consumers in various ways when the business model varies. Utilizing differential game theory, the equilibrium decisions of the channel members are derived, and the analysis illustrates how the firms should adjust their decisions when the retailers use different retail patterns. The basic model does not allow product returns, but then this assumption is relaxed. Comparison between the two cases shows under what conditions consumers will benefit from the retailer’s allowing product returns.
Three-way decisions provide a means for trading off different types of classification error in order to obtain a minimum cost ternary classifier. This paper compares probabilistic three-way ...decisions, probabilistic two-way decisions, and qualitative three-way decisions of the standard rough set model. It is shown that, under certain conditions when considering the costs of different types of miss-classifications, probabilistic three-way decisions are superior to the other two.
This book critiques the reliance of Western intelligence agencies on the use of a method for intelligence analysis developed by the CIA in the 1990s, the Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH).
Why people are not as gullible as we think Not Born Yesterday explains how we decide who we can trust and what we should believe—and argues that we're pretty good at making these decisions. In this ...lively and provocative book, Hugo Mercier demonstrates how virtually all attempts at mass persuasion—whether by religious leaders, politicians, or advertisers—fail miserably. Drawing on recent findings from political science and other fields ranging from history to anthropology, Mercier shows that the narrative of widespread gullibility, in which a credulous public is easily misled by demagogues and charlatans, is simply wrong.Why is mass persuasion so difficult? Mercier uses the latest findings from experimental psychology to show how each of us is endowed with sophisticated cognitive mechanisms of open vigilance. Computing a variety of cues, these mechanisms enable us to be on guard against harmful beliefs, while being open enough to change our minds when presented with the right evidence. Even failures—when we accept false confessions, spread wild rumors, or fall for quack medicine—are better explained as bugs in otherwise well-functioning cognitive mechanisms than as symptoms of general gullibility. Not Born Yesterday shows how we filter the flow of information that surrounds us, argues that we do it well, and explains how we can do it better still.
Decision-theoretic rough sets (DTRSs) capture the decision semantics and can deduce three-way decisions with respect to the minimum expected risk. Considering the new evaluation format of hesitant ...fuzzy sets, we extend the range of applications of DTRSs to hesitant fuzzy information systems. In this case, the integrated approach by considering the interaction between information systems and loss functions becomes one of challenges. Different from the results reported in most of the existing papers, we combine the hesitant fuzzy information system and loss functions together via error analysis. In the hesitant fuzzy information system, a new binary relation is first defined by utilizing the normalization of hesitant fuzzy elements and the distance function. Then, the calculations of the similarity class and the conditional probability are discussed. With the aid of the error analysis method, we effectively aggregate the loss functions presented in the similarity class and determine the expected losses in the format of the intervals. Based on the possibility degree, we further explore the decision rules by comparing the expected losses. With the above analysis, we design a decision-making procedure of three-way decisions in a hesitant fuzzy information system. Finally, we elaborate the application of three-way decisions in hesitant fuzzy information systems by an example of the security evaluation of peer-to-peer lending platforms and validate our methods.
This in-depth treatment explains the nature of traffic breakdown and the resulting congestion in vehicular traffic on the basis of three-phase traffic theory, in a manner consistent with real ...measured traffic data. The author also addresses freeway traffic control methods within the framework of the theory. He demonstrates and explains why the earlier theoretical basis of transportation engineering, research and teaching cannot adequately describe traffic breakdown as observed in measured traffic data. Links between three-phase traffic theory and earlier traffic flow theories are discussed. Last but not least, the book provides a new fundament for transportation engineering, in particular highway traffic management, as well as the background needed to research the complex system dynamics in traffic flow and transportation networks. It will appeal to students, engineers, and physicists interested in transportation systems and complex dynamical systems in general.
Supply Chain Engineering considers how modern production and operations management techniques can respond to the pressures of the competitive global marketplace. It presents a comprehensive analysis ...of concepts and models related to outsourcing, dynamic pricing, inventory management, RFID, and flexible and re-configurable manufacturing systems, as well as real-time assignment and scheduling processes. A significant part is also devoted to lean manufacturing, line balancing, facility layout and warehousing techniques. Explanations are based on examples and detailed algorithms while discarding complex and unnecessary theoretical minutiae. All examples have been carefully selected from an industrial application angle. This book is written for students and professors in industrial and systems engineering, management science, operations management and business. It is also an informative reference for managers looking to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their production systems.
Der Kauf einer Eigentumswohnung ist wirtschaftlich vorteilhaft, wenn ihr Wert größer als der gezahlte Preis ist. Der zweckadäquate Wert wird „Entscheidungswert“ oder „Grenzpreis“ genannt und ruht auf ...künftigen Mietüberschüssen. Stephan Walochnik diskutiert in dem Open Access-Buch, wie diese wiederum durch schwer quantifizierbare Wohnungsmerkmale beeinflusst werden, deren Berücksichtigung mit Hilfe einer Nutzwertanalyse gelingt. Bewertungsrelevant sind ferner (Einkommen-) Steuerauszahlungen. Der Großteil deutscher Wohnimmobilien ist Eigentum natürlicher Personen, deren Steuersatz einkommensabhängig ist. Der Autor nimmt mit dem Zustands-Grenzpreismodell eine Gesamtbetrachtung vor.
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