Historical accounts of human achievement suggest that accidents can play an important role in innovation. In this paper, we seek to contribute to an understanding of how digital systems might support ...valuable
un
predictability in innovation processes by examining how innovators who obtain value from accidents integrate unpredictability into their work. We describe an inductive, grounded theory project, based on 20 case studies, that looks into the conditions under which people who make things keep their work open to accident, the degree to which they rely on accidents in their work, and how they incorporate accidents into their deliberate processes and arranged surroundings. By comparing makers working in varied conditions, we identify specific factors (e.g., technologies, characteristics of technologies) that appear to support accidental innovation. We show that makers in certain specified conditions not only remain open to accident but also intentionally design their processes and surroundings to invite and exploit valuable accidents. Based on these findings, we offer advice for the design of digital systems to support innovation processes that can access valuable unpredictability.
Fixation prevents the associations that are bridges to new designs. The inability to see alternative solutions, or even to see how to map known solutions onto current problems, is a particularly ...acute problem in the design of software-intensive systems. Here, we explored two related ways of liberating fixated thinking: abstracting and rerepresenting. Although both techniques helped designers generate original ideas, not all the added ideas fit the problem constraints. We discuss ways the results might be used to generate reflective design aids that help designers to first generate original ideas and later prune them.
Making privacy by design operative Wiese Schartum, Dag
International journal of law and information technology,
06/2016, Letnik:
24, Številka:
2
Journal Article
The choice of tools and programming technologies for creating information systems is a current trend. Each projected system needs you to define a set of criteria for the development environment used ...by li- braries and technologies. This article considers a choice of technological solutions using an example of the developed digital computing web platform of the Russian Academy of Education to provide information support to the activities of psychologists doing research, including population and longitudinal studies. The peculiarity of the system are: magnitude and significant development time requiring the implementa- tion and assurance of the guaranteed computing reliability of a wide range of digital tools used in psycho- logical research; maintenance of functioning in various conditions, in particular when carrying out mass research in schools with different characteristics of computing resources and communication channels; the possibility of scaling services; security and data privacy, as well as the use of technologies and pro- gramming tools that would ensure the compatibility and conversion of data with other means of process- ing psychological research. For the developed system, criteria were introduced for evaluating software technologies that take into account the features of the functioning and life cycle of a product, a specific example shows the selection of appropriate technological solutions. An important component in the de- velopment is the training of the development team for the technologies used. A system that implements the training program for selected technologies is given. The developed training system is used to reduce the time of inclusion in the development of new software developers, as the tasks are expanded.
This study empirically examined cultural differences in the amount of information provided by management accounting information systems (MAIS). To demonstrate these differences, data were collected ...from samples of Australian and Korean firms. The results of this study showed that much more flexibility performance information is provided by Korean firms, while Australian firms provided more quality performance and traditional cost control information (TCCI). We also investigated whether the interaction effects of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) and information on the improvement of production performance were culturally different. According to the results, we suggest that with a high level of AMT, Korean firms require more types of information (i.e. quality performance information, flexibility performance information, financial performance information, advanced cost control information, and TCCI), while Australian firms generally demand flexibility performance, quality performance, and advanced cost control information.
Influence of restrictions of the information system connected with protection of confidential data has been researched. Algorithm for formation of business processes in the information systems ...containing confidential information has been suggested.
This paper introduces the BORM-points method. The method is used for complexity estimation for information systems development. In the first part of the paper there is a detailed description of ...BORM-points and its specifics. In the second part there is a presentation of results of BORM-points application for real projects.
A study of the production, size, growth, & composition of the serial & monograph literature of the social sciences up to 1973 is reported. Data on the social science serial literature was obtained by ...analysis of the Check List of Social Science Serials (CLOSSS)--a machine-readable data base constructed specifically for the Design of Information Systems in the Social Sciences (DISISS) project. A wide range of published & unpublished primary & secondary statistics were used for a variety of other analyses. In many analyses the data is broken down by subject within the social sciences & by country of origin. The analysis of literature growth shows that it is necessary to reexamine the widely held view that the bulk of literature growth has been & will continue to be exponential. Accelerating & exponential growth has occurred in much of the serial literature, & in a few, but not all, parts of the monograph literature. There are currently signs of a leveling off in the rate of growth. 27 Tables, 5 Figures. AA.
This report describes research carried out as part of the Design of Information Systems in the Social Sciences (DISISS) project. Cluster analysis techniques were applied to a machine readable file of ...bibliographic data in the form of cited journal titles in order to identify groupings which could be used to structure bibliographic files. Practical applications of the data obtained from clusters of journal title citations were to include the planning patterns of journal coverage for secondary services, ascertaining information on the structure of the primary literature of a discipline, and the provision of data to help validate classification schemes and thesauri. The analyses were carried out on a file of over 60,000 citations taken from social science journals, and a special cluster analysis was made of citations taken from criminology source journals at three different time intervals. Included here are a review of clustering techniques applicable to bibliographic data, a detailed discussion of the results, and an evaluation of the practical value of the technique. It was concluded that the use of cluster analysis is probably not a very practical aid to the design of secondary services in the social sciences, though the techniques nevertheless have important bibliographic applications elsewhere. A bibliography is appended. (Author/JD)
Based on BPR theory, the new product development and manufacturing process status of a discrete manufacturing enterprise was analysed with finding out its existing problems, then a new reasonable ...process was designed and the model of management information system was established. Through the analysis of this case, this paper provides a reference for other similar enterprises to manage new product development and promote the development of enterprise information.
