China is currently vigorously implementing the “energy conservation and emission reduction” and “dual carbon” strategies. As the most resource-advantaged light metal material in China, Magnesium (Mg) ...alloy is progressively expanding its application in automobile, rail transportation, aerospace, medical, and electronic products. Chongqing University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, and Australian National University have conducted extensive research on the preparation, properties, and processes of Mg alloys. In the past 20 years, the proportion of Mg alloy in the automotive industry has gradually expanded, whereas currently the design and development of Mg alloy parts for automobiles has rarely been reported. Thus, the application models and typical parts cases of Mg alloy are summarized mainly from the four systems of the whole vehicle (body system, chassis system, powertrain system, interior, and exterior system). Subsequently, two actual original equipment manufacturers (OEM) cases are used to introduce the development logic of reliable die-cast Mg alloy, including forward design, formability analysis, process design analysis, structural redesign, manufacturing, and testing, aiming to share the methods, processes, and focus of attention of automotive OEMs for developing Mg alloy parts to enhance the confidence and motivation of applying Mg alloy in automotive field. Eventually, the multiple challenges faced by Mg alloy materials are sorted out and how to face these challenges are discussed. National policies and regulations, environmental protection and energy saving, and consumer demand will continue to promote the application of Mg.
Knowledge graphs are widely used in industry and studied within the academic community. However, the models applied in the development of knowledge graphs vary. Analysing and providing a synthesis of ...the commonly used approaches to knowledge graph development would provide researchers and practitioners a better understanding of the overall process and methods involved. Hence, this article aims at defining the overall process of knowledge graph development and its key constituent steps. For this purpose, a systematic review and a conceptual analysis of the literature was conducted. The resulting process was compared to case studies to evaluate its applicability. The proposed process suggests a unified approach and provides guidance for both researchers and practitioners when constructing and managing knowledge graphs.
A city is the most dramatic manifestation of human activities on the environment. This human-dominated organism degrades natural habitats, simplifies species composition, disrupts hydrological ...systems and modifies energy flow and nutrient cycling. Sustainable urban development (SUD) is seen as a panacea to minimise these externalities caused by widespread human activities on the environment. The concept of SUD has been around over a considerably long time as the need to adopt environmentally sustainable behaviours made the international community commit to it. However, to date such development has not been achieved in large scales anywhere around the globe. This review paper aims to look at the SUD concept from the lens of planning and development integration to generate new insights and directions. The paper reports the outcome of the review of the literature on planning and development approaches—i.e. urban planning, ecological planning, urban development, SUD—and proposes a new process to support the efforts for achieving SUD—i.e. integrated urban planning and development process. The findings of this review paper highlight that adopting such holistic planning and development process generate a potential to further support the progress towards achieving sustainability agendas of our cities.
•Stress wave attenuation causes regional variations in coal fracture patterns.•Developed an FDEM-based model for high voltage pulse coal fracturing.•Higher stress wave attenuation observed near ...plasma channels.•Quantified how stress wave parameters influence coal fracturing.
High voltage electric pulse (HVEP) technology has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing coal seam permeability. However, there is a notable gap in numerical simulation studies that investigate the cracks development patterns in coal under the influence of this technology. In this study, a HVEP coal rock fracturing system was utilized to conduct a physical simulation experiment of coal sample electrical fragmentation. A finite-discrete element method (FDEM) model, incorporating zero-thickness cohesive elements, was developed to simulate the process of stress wave-induced crack propagation in coal, triggered by the plasma channel. The results indicate that over time, the stress wave typically exhibits an initial rapid rise followed by an oscillatory decline. The peak value of the stress wave decreases significantly with distance, stabilizing beyond a propagation distance of 10 mm. Furthermore, the fracturing efficacy of coal by HVEP stress waves is closely linked to specific characteristic parameters: within the range of 75–125 MPa, a positive correlation exists between the stress wave peak and the complexity of the coal crack network. Reducing the stress wave loading rate can increase the crack area to some extent, although excessively slow loading rates may lead to excessive energy dissipation during propagation, which is detrimental to crack expansion. Conversely, when the ratio of β to α ranges from 1 to 100, decelerating the attenuation rate of the stress wave aids in generating stress concentration within the crack zone, thereby facilitating crack propagation. The established numerical model aims to advance understanding of HVEP’s fracturing mechanisms and enhance its application in coalbed methane extraction.
The amount of biomass products generated globally increases year after year. Nature produces lignocellulose, which is largely constituted of three components in the following order: cellulose ...(34–50%), hemicellulose (15–35%), and lignin (5–30%). A promising conversion method known as biomass conversion employs a liquid media-based process to address the issue of an abundance of biomass as waste. Converting biomass with ionic liquid (IL) can address not only environmental issues caused by the abundance of biomass waste but also generate new energy sources or new products with economical selling value. IL can be employed as a green catalyst, solvent, or electrolyte, as well as in a number of conversion processes. In general, 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-based cations are the most commonly used IL types for biomass conversion. The conversion conditions are relatively mild, consisting of a low temperature of around 95-220 °C, 1 atm, for 10–240 minutes. This paper review is expected to be a significant reference in the future for the development of other biomass conversion processes.
Objective: Identifying the relationship between administrative corruption and development in the Arab world and Iraq.
Theoretical framework: The study contributed to defining the relationship of ...corruption to development in the Arab world. As for the second axis, it talks about the impact of administrative corruption and its patterns on development efforts in Iraq. As for the third axis, it will be about the reasons for the failure or faltering of the development model in Iraq.
Method: We shed light on the concept of corruption, its manifestations, its causes, effects and impactful repercussions, then we look at Iraq's experience in administrative corruption, trying to shed light on the characteristics and dimensions of this experience and the negative effects resulting from it, then we come to develop the most prominent solutions and objective treatments to reduce the impact of this phenomenon on human societies.
Results and conclusion: Administrative and financial corruption is an old phenomenon that has afflicted the administrative apparatus in Iraq since the establishment of the Iraqi government in the twenties of the last century. Weak political will to combat corruption, as members of Parliament are prevented from disclosing their income and sources.
Implications of the research: Corruption leads to weak investment and the flight of funds outside the country at a time when these funds were supposed to be used to establish economic development projects that serve citizens by providing job opportunities.
Originality/value: Developing educational and cultural curricula through various media to create a culture of integrity and preservation of public money through a long-term strategy for the purpose of achieving loyalty and belonging between the individual and the state, as the law is not the only deterrent to corruption, but rather there must be a culture of integrity and preservation of public money.
Objetivo: Identificar a relação entre a corrupção administrativa e o desenvolvimento no mundo árabe e no Iraque.
Estrutura Teórica: O estudo contribui para definir a relação da corrupção com o desenvolvimento no mundo árabe. Quanto ao segundo eixo, ele aborda o impacto da corrupção administrativa e seus padrões nos esforços de desenvolvimento no Iraque. Quanto ao terceiro eixo, será sobre as razões para o fracasso ou estagnação do modelo de desenvolvimento no Iraque.
Método: Jogamos luz sobre o conceito de corrupção, suas manifestações, suas causas, efeitos e repercussões impactantes, depois analisamos a experiência do Iraque na corrupção administrativa, tentando destacar as características e dimensões dessa experiência e os efeitos negativos dela resultantes, para então chegarmos a desenvolver as soluções mais proeminentes e tratamentos objetivos para reduzir o impacto desse fenômeno nas sociedades humanas.
Resultados e Conclusão: A corrupção administrativa e financeira é um fenômeno antigo que afetou a estrutura administrativa no Iraque desde a fundação do governo iraquiano nas décadas de 1920. A falta de vontade política para combater a corrupção, uma vez que os membros do Parlamento são impedidos de divulgar sua renda e fontes.
Implicações da pesquisa: A corrupção leva a um fraco investimento e à fuga de fundos para fora do país, ao passo que esses fundos deveriam ser usados para estabelecer projetos de desenvolvimento econômico que sirvam aos cidadãos, fornecendo oportunidades de emprego.
Originalidade/Valor: Desenvolver currículos educacionais e culturais por meio de vários meios para criar uma cultura de integridade e preservação do dinheiro público por meio de uma estratégia de longo prazo com o objetivo de alcançar lealdade e pertencimento entre o indivíduo e o Estado, uma vez que a lei não é o único dissuasor da corrupção, mas deve haver uma cultura de integridade e preservação do dinheiro público.
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•Cavitation flow in an ARHCR is studied combining flow visualization and CFD.•Cavitation is characterized by the periodic motion of CGUs.•Cavitation development process shows high ...periodicity from flow visualization.•Vortex cavitation is generated at the vortex center of CGUs.•Sheet cavitation is induced in the flow separation region of downstream CGUs.
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has emerged as one of the most potential technologies for industrial-scale water treatment. The advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (ARHCRs) that appeared recently have shown their high effectiveness and economical efficiency compared with conventional devices. For the interaction-type ARHCRs where cavitation is generated from the interaction between the cavitation generation units (CGUs) located on the rotor and the stator, their flow field, cavitation generation mechanism, and interaction process are still not well defined. The present study experimentally and numerically investigated the cavitation flow characteristics in a representative interaction-type ARHCR which has been proposed in the past. The cavitation generation mechanism and development process, which was categorized into “coinciding”, “leaving”, and “approaching” stages, were analyzed explicitly with experimental flow visualization and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The changes in the cavitation pattern, area ratio, and sheet cavitation length showed high periodicity with a period of 0.5 ms/cycle at a rotational speed of 3,600 rpm in the flow visualization. The experimental and CFD results indicated that sheet cavitation can be generated on the downstream sides of both the moving and the static CGUs. The sheet cavitation was induced and continuously enlarged in the “leaving” and “approaching” stages and was crushed after the moving CGUs coincided with the static CGUs. In addition, vortex cavitation was formed in the vortex center of each CGU due to high-speed rotating fluid motion. The shape and size of the vortex cavitation were determined by the compression effect produced by the interaction. The findings of this work are important for the fundamental understanding, design, and application of the ARHCRs in water treatment.
The article is aimed at determining the general basics for the implementation of the company’s development process, studying the influence of the international business environment, and highlighting ...key trends and opportunities for its development. Analyzing the scientific works of scholars and taking into account the dynamism of world processes, the potential goals from which companies usually begin the process of change and development are considered: continuous improvement; improving or enhancing communication; employee development; improvement of products and services; increase in profits. The stages of development of an international company in the article are as follows: determining the scope of improvement; research on the problem; creating an action plan; creating motivation and vision; implementation; evaluation of initial results; adaptation or continuation. Since changes and development of the company can be associated with certain obstacles to achieving the goal, the common challenges that arise in the process of development of the company include: fear of the unknown; conflicting goals; burnout; lack of leadership; misunderstanding of the planned changes; difficulty in regard with changing either mission or values. Analyzing the external business environment, which consists of numerous factors, the present publication groupes the latter into six key subenvironments. External factors that have an impact on the development of the consulting company’s business are both new trends (customer trends, dynamic mega-trends, technological trends) and destructive factors (macroeconomic, market-based, industry-based). Each of these factors creates a unique set of challenges and opportunities for business development. They emphasize the need for adaptability both at the individual level and at the business (or industry) level. As a result of the study, key trends (artificial intelligence and digitalization, expansion of cloud services, global recruitment for consultant positions, updated staff retention strategies, compliance with environmental, social and management (ESG) measures) are identified and opportunities for the development of a consulting company are substantiated. Prospects for further work in this direction are the formation of a mechanism for managing the development of an international company to strengthen the company’s competitive strategy; improving management and decision support processes at all levels; management of decisive data flows; implementation of changes to create a culture of flexibility and develop the company’s competitiveness.
Multi-level Fuzzy system for usable-security assessment Agrawal, Alka; Alenezi, Mamdouh; Khan, Suhel Ahmad ...
Journal of King Saud University. Computer and information sciences,
March 2022, 2022-03-00, 2022-03-01, Letnik:
34, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Indubitably, security is an integral aspect of the development of quality software. More importantly, usability is also an elemental and pivotal factor for developing quality software. In fact, it ...has been noticed that most of the practitioners are trying to develop a highly secure design while maintaining high usability. Unfortunately, the highly secure design of software becomes worthless because the usability of software is very low. Further, usable security is in more demand due to the increasing usage of computers with enhanced usability and need of security in it too. When improving the usability with security of software, underlying security and usability attributes play an important role. For this reason, usable security assessment employs security and usability attributes to achieve the desired security solutions with usability. Different consecutive versions of two software have been taken in this work to assess usable security. Authors are using Fuzzy-AHP methodology to assess the priorities and overall usable-security. In addition, the impact of the security on usability and impact of the usability on security have been evaluated quantitatively. The results obtained and conclusions are useful for practitioners to improve usable-security of software.
Professional identity (PI) is culturally shaped. It is associated with a sufficient and stable workforce of professionals. China has a relatively low ratio of nursing professionals to its population.
...This scoping review aims to obtain comprehensive knowledge of the influencing factors and PI development process among nursing students and nurses in China.
A scoping review was conducted. The most common Chinese databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data were searched for publications in Chinese. The databases of EBSCOhost and ProQuest Dissertation & Thesis Global (Full Text) were searched for publications in English. After screening the title and abstract of the articles and further assessing the full text of the articles identified after the initial screening, 53 articles were included for analysis.
The influencing factors to PI development in nursing were grouped into four dimensions: personal, family, institutional, and social factors. The social factors tended to negatively affect professional identity whereas the factors of the three other dimensions exerted influence in different directions. A framework was established based on PI levels in different career stages of nurses to depict the continuum and dynamic nature of the development process.
The PI development in nursing is a dynamic process shaped by multidimensional factors. Changes in policy should be made to reverse the nursing profession stereotype of being an assistant role to medicine.
•Construction of professional identity in nursing is influenced by multidimensional factors.•Social attitudes toward nursing exert negative impacts on professional identity development.•Advancement in nursing professional proficiency does not necessarily lead to heightened professional identity.•Nursing students and clinical nurses in China display an overall low passion for nursing.
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