Las voces de origen portugués en español han sido muy poco estudiadas, en comparación con los préstamos de otras lenguas. Esta monografía responde a la necesidad de contar con datos actuales para ...conocer mejor la riqueza de los intercambios entre ambas lenguas.La realización de esta obra ha requerido del trabajo de investigadores europeos y americanos de prestigio que, desde sus respectivas áreas de especialización, han puesto al día el conocimiento de unos contactos lingüísticos intensos. En los distintos capítulos, se presta atención a la historia de cada zona, se muestra la permeabilidad de las fronteras, tanto en el español peninsular como en el americano, y se analizan las vías de introducción y difusión de los préstamos. El amplio marco cronológico estudiado se inicia en la época medieval, continúa con el acrecentamiento de las relaciones debido a la expansión internacional de ambos países y a la Unión Ibérica, y llega hasta la actualidad con los dinámicos intercambios que se dan en las zonas de contacto con Brasil.Las aportaciones de este volumen, además de paliar la carencia de unos estudios muy necesarios en el ámbito románico, sugieren nuevos enfoques que abren la vía para futuras investigaciones.
The question of how to classify the different varieties of spoken Arabic is a long-standing problem in the fields of Arabic and Semitic linguistics, and it has been addressed by several authors and ...from a number of different perspectives. This collection of articles represents a further contribution to the vast collective effort of attempting to more effectively assess, organize, and understand the varieties of spoken Arabic, applying a classification of Arabic dialects in the broadest possible sense. The authors who contribute to this volume tackle this issue by examining varieties spoken from the Maghreb to the Mashreq and employing various approaches and perspectives, e.g., diatopic and diachronic, syntactical, and typological.
The aim of this paper is to present a historical analysis of the concept of narečje (narječje) and diasystem in dialectology since their beginnings on the territory of contemporary Croatia and Serbia ...until today. These concepts are normally used to denote a dialectological unit higher than a single dialect, and also play an important role when defining standard languages. Regardless of their uniqueness and importance, there is no historical overview of their development. The historical analysis identified two distinct periods: (1) the comparative-descriptive and (2) the neogrammarian-structuralist. The first is ascribed to Vuk Karadžić and the philological school, who understood narečje as contemporary linguistic forms, while the second was started by Aleksandar Belić, who understood them primarily as homogenous proto-dialects, which split into smaller dialects over time. This understanding of narečje remained dominant even during the times Pavle Ivić introduced structural dialectology, as well as in the research of Dalibor Brozović, who introduced the alternative notion of diasystem in the 1970s. The conclusions invite for a revision of the concept of a narečje and diasystem in dialectology and the studies of standard languages. On a practical level, the author suggests that for contemporary varieties, adjectival forms or forms clearly refering to a hypothetical origin should be used (i.e. Štokavian dialects or dialect of Štokavian origin), while narečje, or noun-forms (i.e. Štokavian narečje, Štokavica, Štokavština) should either be avoided or substituted with reconstructed proto-dialect.
Modern Western Aramaic is one of the most critically endangered Aramaic languages, and the only extant member of the Western Aramaic subfamily. Its speakers are among the few who have not migrated ...away from their original territory, but the Syrian Civil War (2011-present) has accelerated its endangerment and resulted in the abandonment of one of the three villages in which it was previously spoken. Modern Western Aramaic thus provides us with an opportunity to document a language precisely as it succumbs to some of the primary causes of language endangerment, i.e., conflict and migration. The following text, collected in 2020, discusses this community's experience during this conflict from the perspective of one of the few remaining competent speakers. We have contextualized this text with a discussion of the language and its grammar in comparison with the most recent descriptions, all of which were made decades prior to the war, when the language was much less endangered.
The article provides an overview of Lithuanian dialects and their classification. Two of them were of particular significance: the system devised by Baranauskas in 1898 and the classification of ...Jaunius prepared in 1890-1911, whose principles were used by Salys to create the first scientific classification of Lithuanian dialects in 1933, when the methods of historic comparative linguistics were applied. The rise of structuralism gave the impetus for phonological classification in the second half of the 20th century. The system designed by Zinkevičius and Girdenis in 1966 is still considered to be the main dialect classification of Lithuanian dialects – it is based on certain phonetic (phonological) criteria, but no other criteria (lexical, morphological, or syntactical) have so far been used as the basis for dialect classifying. The dialect variation of the Lithuanian language in the early 21st century is reflected in the new dialect derivations – regiolects and geolects (2014).
This article is a continuation of ongoing debate on the development of Lithuanian dialectology, the issues of which were first addressed and published in 2015. One of the key ideas expressed by the ...specialists of dialectology was a proposal to start the development of an extensive model of interests of Lithuanian dialectology. The model could encompass a historical approach, i.e. issues of the development of Lithuanian dialects, essential features of that development as well as the most significant empirical and methodological transformations. The second approach would focus on the perspectives of Lithuanian dialectology which can be placed on the basis of the existing model of interests in Lithuanian dialectology and specific studies carried out in the field. This article proposes a perspective-based plan of research into dialectology and attempts to suggest a tool to implement that plan. The article begins with several introductory remarks about the author’s view towards the existing state of Lithuanian dialectology. It could be briefly described in the following way: traditional dialectology: neogrammarian atomism (exclusive of the theory of dialectology) → structural dialectology: → phonology and natural morphology (inclusive of the theory of phonology and natural morphology but exclusive of the theory of structural dialectology) → the new dialectology: (inclusive of the theory of dialectology: geolinguistics and sociolinguistics, the dynamic socio-cognitive view). The proposed perspective-based plan of research consists of seven stages, namely: typological, varieties (lects) and variants, dialectometry, sociolinguistics and language contacts, perceptive, salience, and empirical. The article does not seek to describe each of the stages in great detail or to review extensive research literature existing on the aspects discussed above. The main aim of this article is to identify and discuss some research trends which are relatively new in Western linguistics and to suggest their application in Lithuanian dialectology. Perhaps this could initiate a discussion among Lithuanian and, possibly, foreign dialectologists working with Lithuanian and Slavic languages with regard to theoretical and methodological issues pertaining to dialectology research. Arguably, the foundation of such a prospective discussion was laid in the work “Lithuanian Dialects of the Early 21st Century: A Geolinguistic and Sociolinguistic Study. Maps and their Commentaries”. Hopefully, this review article will also contribute to the prospective discussions and motivate young researchers of dialects to embark on dialectology research by applying new trends in Lithuanian dialectology.
Rielaborazione di una tesi di dottorato classificatasi al primo posto (ex aequo) nell’ambito della XI edizione del Premio Giovanni Nencioni (Accademia della Crusca), questo volume presenta una nuova ...silloge commentata di testi trentini antichi (secoli XIII-XIV): ai monumenti trecenteschi noti da tempo (gli Statuti dei Battuti di Trento e il cosiddetto Inventario giudicariese), riproposti secondo criteri scientifici, si affiancano altri tredici documenti in parte inediti, in parte già pubblicati ma noti pressoché esclusivamente in ambito storico e sfuggiti all’attenzione dei linguisti. Il commento analizza grafia, fonetica, morfologia e sintassi dei testi e, come il glossario, ha lo scopo di schedare le forme della raccolta inserendole nel quadro linguistico coevo e istituendo una serie di raffronti con i documenti trentini del Quattrocento e con i dialetti moderni; concludono l’opera due indici onomastici (dedicati, rispettivamente, agli antroponimi e ai toponimi), una serie di diciotto tavole a colori e un’appendice volta a fornire informazioni archivistiche.
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