Roma era la cuna de la libertad, celebrada por su justicia y lenidad, y sin embargo, ¿de qué manera gobernaba sus provincias? Los términos siguen siendo usados hoy día en Estados Unidos y Gran ...Bretaña. 6 La Petición al Rey fue anunciada por el Congreso el 5 de octubre de 1774 y enviada a Inglaterra el 25 del mismo mes. 7 Probablemente, ese Primer Congreso Americano (first American congress') al que se refiere aquí Hamilton sea el conocido como Congreso del Timbre o Primer Congreso Colonial Americano, cuando algunos representantes coloniales se reunieron en Nueva York entre el 7 y el 25 de octubre de 1765 tras la aprobación del Acta del Timbre. Fue la primeración reunión de representantes electos de varias colonias para idear una protesta contra la nueva tributación británica. 8 La Ley del Timbre, o Ley del Sello (Stamp Act) de 1765, supuso un impuesto directo y específico para las Trece Colonias que requería que la mayoría de los materiales impresos en las colonias se publicaran en papel sellado y producido en Londres, timbrados con un sello fiscal en relieve. 9 Esta ley para la recaudación efectiva de impuestos, también conocida como Ley del Azúcar (Sugar Act), fue aprobada por el Parlamento británico a principios de abril de 1764. 33 Publicado el 4 de abril de 1755, A Dictionary of the English Language de Samuel Johnson se convirtió en el diccionario más influyente de la lengua inglesa hasta la llegada del Oxford English Dictionary. 34 El párrafo completo es un juego de palabras sobre el verbo spare ("ahorrar, evitar, perdonar") que surge de la expresión kill them sparingly ("sacrificadlas con moderación") y que, como Hamilton indica en el párrafo siguiente, responde a un juego de palabras similar que el Granjero había hecho en su panfleto a raíz de la misma frase. 35 El Granjero escribió: "We are ordered to kill them sparingly: a queer phrase; however, let it pass.
This handy single volume features a wealth of fascinating biographical information on approximately 9,000 of the most important U.S. elected and appointed leaders. Newly updated, it includes key ...facts on political leaders spanning 220 years of American history. Organized for quick, easy reference, the book contains six chapters in which readers will find the following on presidents, vice presidents, cabinet members, Supreme Court justices, members of Congress, and governors: Basic Facts including all significant biographical data, such as birth and death dates, periods of public service, and party affiliations Special Information including boxed features and analytical commentary on topics such as presidential disability and succession; religious affiliations of the U.S. presidents and Supreme Court justices; White House hostesses; and women, African Americans, and Hispanic Americans in Congress, the Cabinet, the Supreme Court, and the White House This easy-to-use resource also offers an appendix of additional reference tables on Congress, including sessions held, leadership, and committee chairmen. American Political Leaders 1789-2010 is the perfect reference guide for researchers, students, and interested citizens looking for names, dates, and other essential information on U.S. leaders in one convenient, reliable source.
L’article présente une nouvelle étape du projet de création du Dictionnaire associatif du français, dans lequel sont notées les associations évoquées par les mots telles qu’elles sont collectées ...grâce à des questionnaires de fixation de la première réponse à un stimulus. Nous nous proposons de tenir compte de l’expérience acquise au cours des dix dernières années et des avancées des humanités numériques pour automatiser au maximum la collecte et surtout le traitement des grands massifs de données, de les comparer avec les données précédentes et de visualiser les résultats obtenus.
Associative lexicography : toward a new dictionary of word associations of French
The paper presents a new step of creation of the French Dictionary of Word Associations, in which associations to a stimulus are collected. Our team is working in this field from 2007 and aims to use their obtained skills, correct some errors and collect new language facts. The use of modern digital technologies for humanities allows to collect and treat big amount of data, to compare them with previous results and visualize them.
This is the first unified history of the large, prestigious dictionaries of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, compiled in academies, which set out to glorify living European languages. The ...tradition began with the Vocabolario degli Accademici della Crusca (1612) in Florence and the Dictionnaire de l'Académie françoise (1694) in Paris, and spread across Europe - to Germany, Spain, England, Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Russia - in the eighteenth century, engaging students of language as diverse as Leibniz, Samuel Johnson, and Catherine the Great. All the major academy and academy-style dictionaries of the period up to 1800, published and unpublished, are discussed in a single narrative, bridging national and linguistic boundaries, to offer a history of lexicography on a European scale. Like John Considine's Dictionaries in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge University Press, 2008), this study treats dictionaries both as physical books and as ambitious works of the human imagination.
The Routledge Spanish Bilingual Dictionary of Psychology and Psychiatry contains over 100,000 entries making this the most comprehensive and up-to-date dictionary of its kind.
The Dictionary provides ...concise, comprehensive and current coverage of every word or phrase used in the study and practice of psychiatry and psychology. This valuable reference tool covers all disciplines and sub-disciplines, both research-based and clinical.
This is a vital resource to those in the healthcare professions, to academicians and to those who work in translation and/or interpretation, healthcare and the law who are in contact with the English and Spanish speaking communities.
"This Dictionary is a vital resource to those in the healthcare professions, to academicians and to those who work in translation and/or interpretation and are in contact with the English and Spanish speaking communities. With increased awareness of globalization and the need for cross-cultural cooperation comes the need for resources that facilitate inter-cultural communication; this text fosters such communication as it provides individuals with easy access to a comprehensive list of terms. Such comprehensive texts, those focusing on related fields of study, are very difficult to find." – Christine E. Cotton, Elon University, USA
"I highly recommend this Dictionary to those using Spanish in a psychological and psychiatric field. Professional translators and interpreters working on psychological and psychiatric topics should have this dictionary handy when they show up at a job. Moreover, this is a very helpful dictionary for the professional who depends on accuracy in translating or interpreting from English to Spanish (including researchers on psychology and psychiatry)." – Pedro Macizo, University of Granada, Spain
"This is an essential reference book for legal and medical interpreters and translators. It contains thousands of words and phrases that are not available in more general dictionaries." – Robert O. Chase, Tunxis Community College, USA
Praise for the first edition:
"This Dictionary is a badly needed resource for mental health professionals" – Irene Ortiz, USA
"As a Vocational Rehabilitation Counsellor and part of an in-patient clinical team in a state psychiatric facility, this book has been an invaluable resource in assisting our Spanish speaking patients. Not only is it useful in psychiatric terms, but it is equally helpful when medical terms need to be translated. I highly recommend this book as a unique one-of-a-kind exhaustive resources for those in the psychiatric field assisting Spanish-speaking clients." – Oscar A. Trujillo, USA
"A solid piece of work providing surprisingly current terminology and equivalents...outstanding in all respects!"
"I am an English/Spanish translator who until recently had no way to fill a void most of us encounter; accurate terminology in psychology and psychiatry. Before this book was published, there were a couple of very limited glossaries with a few hundred terms."
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While the short story has existed in various forms for centuries, it has particularly flourished during the last hundred years, and especially in recent decades. Though many outstanding novels have ...been written in the 20th century, most of these writers have also published short fiction. And in many cases, their short stories exhibit a greater degree of coherence and integrity than their longer works. The rise of creative writing programs in the 1960s helped fuel the growth of the short story and brought academic attention to it. So, too, the emergence of multiculturalism encouraged authors of diverse backgrounds to write about their cultures. This reference is a guide to the contemporary English-language short story.Included are alphabetically arranged entries for roughly 50 English-language short story writers from around the world, such as Chinua Achebe, John Barth, Jamaica Kincaid, Salman Rushdie, and Amy Tan. More than half the American writers profiled are from historically marginalized groups, such as Jewish-Americans, African-Americans, and Asian-Americans. Most of these authors have been active since 1960, and they reflect a wide range of experiences and perspectives in their works. Each entry is written by an expert contributor and includes biographical material, a brief review of existing criticism, a lengthier analysis of specific works, and a selected bibliography of primary and secondary sources. The volume begins with a detailed introduction to the short story genre and concludes with an annotated bibliography of major works on short story theory.
An encyclopedic dictionary along the lines of Voltaire’s classic Dictionnaire Philosophique, Metaphors of Mind provides an in-depth look at the myriad ways in which Enlightenment writers used figures ...of speech to characterize the mind. Drawn from Brad Pasanek’s massive online archive, http://metaphorized.net, this volume constitutes a veritable treasury of mental metaphorics.
Dividing the book into eleven broad metaphorical categories—Animals, Coinage, Court, Empire, Fetters, Impressions, Inhabitants, Metal, Mirror, Rooms, and Writing—Pasanek maps out constellations of metaphors. He frames his collection of literary excerpts in each section with a more descriptive and theoretical discussion of what he calls “desultory reading,” a form of unsystematic perusal of writing frequently employed by Enlightenment thinkers. By surveying the printed past alongside the digital present, the book treats eighteenth-century writing as its topic while essentially exemplifying its rhetorical approach.
More than an exercise in quotation, this intellectual history offers illuminating readings of fragmentary literary works and confrontations with neoclassical and contemporary theories of metaphor. The book’s entries complicate received ideas about Locke’s blank slate, question M. H. Abrams’ claims about mirrors and lamps, and chart changing frequencies of metal metaphors in a moment of industrial revolution. The book also responds to current anxieties about reading and the mass digitization of literature, touching on recent discussions of “distant reading,” “shallow reading,” and “surface reading.” Promoting critical and creative anachronism, Metaphors of Mind redefines the notion of an archive in the age of Amazon and Google Books.
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