Osteoporosis (OP) is the most common bone disease. The genetic and metabolic factors play important roles in OP development. However, the genetic basis of OP is still elusive. The study aimed to ...explore the relationships between OP and dietary habits.
This study used large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the UK Biobank to explore potential associations between OP and 143 dietary habits. The GWAS summary data of OP included 9434 self-reported OP cases and 444,941 controls, and the GWAS summary data of the dietary habits included 455,146 participants of European ancestry. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was used to detect the genetic correlations between OP and each of the 143 dietary habits, followed by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to further assess the causal relationship between OP and candidate dietary habits identified by LDSC.
The LDSC analysis identified seven candidate dietary habits that showed genetic associations with OP including cereal type such as biscuit cereal (coefficient = -0.1693,
value = 0.0183), servings of raw vegetables per day (coefficient = 0.0837,
value = 0.0379), and spirits measured per month (coefficient = 0.115,
value = 0.0353). MR analysis found that OP and PC17 (butter) (odds ratio OR = 0.974, 95% confidence interval CI = (0.973, 0.976),
value = 0.000970), PC35 (decaffeinated coffee) (OR = 0.985, 95% CI = (0.983, 0.987),
value = 0.00126), PC36 (overall processed meat intake) (OR = 1.035, 95% CI = (1.033, 1.037),
value = 0.000976), PC39 (spirits measured per month) (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = (1.011, 1.015),
value = 0.00153), and servings of raw vegetables per day (OR = 0.978, 95% CI = (0.977, 0.979),
value = 0.000563) were clearly causal.
Our findings provide new clues for understanding the genetic mechanisms of OP, which focus on the possible role of dietary habits in OP pathogenesis.
Abstract Background and Aim Dietary habits evolve over time, being influenced by many factors and complex interactions. This work aimed at evaluating the updated information on food group consumption ...in Italy. Methods and Results A total of 8944 (4768 women and 4176 men) participants aged >18 years from all over Italy recruited in 2010–13 (Italian Nutrition & HEalth Survey, INHES) was analyzed. The recruitment was performed using computer-assisted-telephone-interviewing and one-day 24-h dietary recall retrieved from all participants. The updated, second version, of FoodEx2 food classification system was applied to extract data on food group consumption. The participation rate was 53%; 6.2% of the participants declared to follow a special diet, the most prevalent being hypo-caloric diets (55.7% of special diets). Men compared to women presented significantly higher intakes of “grains and grain-based products”, “meat and meat products”, “animal and vegetable fats and oils and primary derivatives” and “alcoholic beverages” (P for all < 0.001); moreover, men had lower intakes of “milk and dairy products”, “water and water-based beverages” and “products for non-standard diets, food imitates and food supplements” (P for all < 0.001). Differences in food group intake among age groups, geographical regions and educational level groups were also identified (P for all < 0.05). Conclusions Data on the consumption of more than 70 food groups and sub-groups were illustrated in different strata. The present analysis could be considered as an updated source of information for future nutrition research in Italy and in the EU.
This study aimed at assessing the association between maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (
) gene polymorphisms, maternal dietary habits, and their interactions with the risk of ...ventricular septal defects (VSD) in offspring.
From November 2017 to March 2019, a case-control study comprising 360 mothers of VSD cases and 504 mothers of healthy infants was conducted in Han Chinese populations. The main exposures of interest were maternal dietary habits in early pregnancy and
gene polymorphisms. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the main effects and interaction effects.
It was observed that maternal excessive intake of pickled vegetables (aOR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.45-2.37), smoked foods (aOR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.48-2.51), barbecued foods (aOR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.28-2.36), and fried foods (aOR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.30-2.17) were associated with a higher risk of VSD in offspring, whereas maternal excessive intake of fresh meat (aOR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.47-0.79), fish and shrimp (aOR = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.23-0.38), fresh eggs (aOR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.42-0.70), fresh fruits or vegetables (aOR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.33-0.60), soy foods (aOR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.53-0.80), and milk products (aOR = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.40-0.59) could contribute significantly to a lower risk of VSD in offspring. Furthermore, the genetic polymorphisms of maternal
gene at rs1950902 (GA vs. GG: aOR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.50-0.90) and rs2236222 (GG vs. AA: aOR = 2.75, 95%CI: 1.57-4.83) were significantly associated with the risk of VSD in offspring. In addition, there was a significant interaction effect between maternal dietary habits and
gene polymorphisms on the risk of VSD.
Maternal dietary factors,
genetic polymorphisms, and their interactions were all associated with the risk of VSD in offspring. However, further research in diverse ethnic populations and with a larger sample size is warranted to corroborate our findings.
Registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center; registration number, ChiCTR1800016635; registration date, 06/14/2018 (Retrospectively registered); URL of trial registry record, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=28300.
Aims: To investigate the association of six-year cumulative level of socioeconomic neighbourhood disadvantage and population density with subsequent adherence to dietary recommendations, controlling ...for preceding dietary adherence, in adults in Finland. Methods: Population-based Health and Social Support (HeSSup) study participants from four age groups (20–24, 30–34, 40–44 and 50–54 years at baseline in 1998). Data on diet and alcohol consumption were obtained from the 2003 and 2012 surveys and information on neighbourhoods from Statistics Finland Grid database (n = 10,414 men and women). Participants diet was measured as adherence to Nordic Nutrition recommendation (score range 0–100). Neighbourhood disadvantage was measured by median household income, proportion of those with primary education only and unemployment rate, and population density by the number of adult population between years 2007 and 2012. Linear models were used to assess the associations of neighbourhood characteristics with the score for adherence to dietary recommendations in 2012. Results: Cumulative neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with slightly weaker (1.49 (95% confidence interval (CI) −1.89 to −1.09) point decrease in dietary score) adherence while higher population density was associated with better (0.70 (95% CI 0.38−1.01) point increase in dietary score) adherence to dietary recommendations. These associations remained after controlling for prior dietary habits, sociodemographic, chronic cardio-metabolic diseases, and severe life events. Conclusions: These longitudinal findings support the hypothesis that neighbourhood characteristics affect dietary habits.
University students generally face a variety of challenges. During this period of life, they practice some unhealthy eating patterns and lifestyles. Therefore, we aimed to assess the health awareness ...status of university students from the northeast part of Bangladesh and to evaluate its associated factors.
We conducted a cross-sectional study using a stratified random sampling among public and private university students from the northeast region of Bangladesh and interviewed 1143 students. We used a self-reported questionnaire, including questions related to awareness status, lifestyle practice, dietary habit and socio-demographic factors. To assess students' health awareness status and its association with their lifestyle practices and socio-demographic factors, we used logistic regression models.
The majority (61%) of the students were not aware of better health status and their dietary habits were not adequate. Smokers odds ratio (OR): 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44, 0.99 were less likely to be aware of better health status. The participants who thought that they were leading a healthy lifestyle were less likely (OR: 0.71; CI: 0.56, 0.92) to be aware. Moreover, frequency of participating in sports and the psychological factors related to eating behaviors were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with health awareness status.
Our study findings may help to create a foundation for possible interventional programs on health awareness and nutritional education to improve the health awareness status and dietary behavior of university students. To prevent students from poor eating habits while feeling happy, effective programs (e.g. seminars, projects and media campaigns) should be held, which may include enhancing healthy and recommended amounts of food consumption.
The retail food environment may be one important determinant of dietary intake. However, limited research focuses on individuals' food shopping behavior and activity within the retail food ...environment. This study's aims were to determine the association between six various dietary indicators and 1) food venue availability; 2) food venue choice and frequency; and 3) availability of healthy food within food venue.
In Fall, 2011, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults (n=121) age 18 years and over in Lexington, Kentucky. Participants wore a global position system (GPS) data logger for 3-days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) to track their daily activity space, which was used to assess food activity space. They completed a survey to assess demographics, food shopping behaviors, and dietary outcomes. Food store audits were conducted using the Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey-Store Rudd (NEMS-S) in stores where respondents reported purchasing food (n=22). Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between six dietary variables with food venue availability within activity space; food venue choice; frequency of shopping; and availability of food within food venue.
1) Food venue availability within activity space - no significant associations. 2) Food Venue Choice - Shopping at farmers' markets or specialty grocery stores reported higher odds of consuming fruits and vegetables (OR 1.60 95% CI 1.21, 2.79). Frequency of shopping - Shopping at a farmers' markets and specialty stores at least once a week reported higher odds of consumption of fruits and vegetables (OR 1.55 95% CI 1.08, 2.23). Yet, shopping frequently at a super market had higher odds of consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (OR 1.39 95% CI 1.03, 1.86). 3) Availability of food within store - those who shop in supermarkets with high availability of healthy food has lower odds of consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (OR 0.65 95% CI 0.14, 0.83).
Interventions aimed at improving fruit and vegetable intake need to consider where individuals' purchase food and the availability within stores as a behavioral and environmental strategy.
Purpose
To evaluate the dietary intake of pregnant women and their nutritional status of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu, as the nutritional status of pregnant women is an important factor for the proper ...progression of a pregnancy and the development and health of the foetus.
Methods
The study was conducted on 108 pregnant women ages 18–42, at 6–32 weeks of gestation. We used a questionnaire and a 24-h recall nutrition interview. Hair samples were taken for testing and the level of each mineral was assessed using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results were analysed using the Dietetyk and Statistica 10 software.
Results
Low levels of Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, vitamin D, and folic acid intake were seen in the pregnant women, with the use of dietary supplements significantly increasing their intake of Fe, Zn, and folic acid. The concentration of zinc and magnesium in the women’s hair was shown to be affected by their age and, in the case of magnesium, by the week of pregnancy.
Conclusions
It was observed that the diet of pregnant women is characterised by low levels of Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, vitamin D, and folic acid. Dietary supplementation with vitamins and minerals significantly increases the daily Fe and folic acid intake in pregnant women. The concentration of Zn and Mg in hair depends on the age of pregnant women and Mg level in the hair of women decreases during pregnancy.
To investigate the relationships between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and lifestyle, sleep, and dietary habits among Japanese high school students.
Cross-sectional study.
Two public high schools in ...Sendai, the largest city in northeastern Japan.
A school-based survey was conducted among 1818 female Japanese high school students in 2015, and 1022 students with regular menstrual cycles (25-38 days) completed the questionnaire.
Relationships between PMS and lifestyle, sleep, and dietary habits.
The rates of moderate to severe PMS and premenstrual dysphoric disorder were 9.7% (99/1022) and 2.2% (22/1022), respectively. A total of 121 students (11.9%) were classified as having PMS—the PMS(+) group. Significant differences were observed between the PMS(+) group and those without PMS—the PMS(−) group—in age at menarche (P = .022), menstrual pain (P < .001), hypnagogic disorder (P < .001), long Internet use time (P < .001), eating breakfast (P = .018), chewing well (P = .037), and belonging to a sports club (P = .046). Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for PMS were menstrual pain (odds ratio OR, 4.74; 95% confidence interval CI: 2.83-7.95), hypnagogic disorder (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.47-3.35), stress fracture (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.21-3.98), and Internet use time (OR, 1.003; 95% CI, 1.001-1.005). Belonging to a sports club decreased the risk of PMS (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35-0.91).
Sleep, dietary habits, belonging to a sports club, and screen time affect PMS among high school students.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the joints. The multifactorial etiopathogenesis of RA has been heavily investigated, but is still only partially understood. ...Diet can represent both a risk factor and a protective factor, based on some evidence that suggests specific properties of certain foods and their ability to increase/reduce inflammation. To date, the studies done on this topic provide discordant results and are heterogeneous in terms of design and cohort size. In this work, we investigated for the first time the relationship between nutrition and the risk of RA onset using a sample size of about half a million subjects from one of the largest publicly available biobanks that is the UK biobank. Results showed that oily fish, alcohol, coffee and breakfast cereals have protective roles in RA; whereas, tea can increase the risk of RA. In conclusion, the obtained results confirm that diet plays key roles in RA, either by promoting or by preventing RA onset and development. Future research should focus on unravelling the effects of dietary habits on immune-mediated diseases to establish better preventive strategies.
This study examined the effectiveness of a 6-month intervention to improve the health behaviors and outcomes among women aged 50 years and older. A sample of 580 (intervention n = 295; control n = ...285) women was recruited from 26 recreational centers. Only the intervention group participated in the Singapore Physical Activity (PA) and Nutrition Study (SPANS), received health resources (calendar, recipe, and booklets) and motivational support from program ambassadors. The intervention group showed significant improvements in moderate-intensity PA, vigorous-intensity PA, and total PA (P < .001), increased intake frequency of fruit and vegetables (P = .049), a reduction in salt and sugary beverage intake (P ≤ .042), and reductions in systolic blood pressure (BP; −3.68 mm Hg), diastolic BP (−3.54 mm Hg), and percentage body fat (−2.13%; P ≤ .020) when compared with the control group. The SPANS appeared to be efficacious in improving PA and dietary behaviors, reducing BP and percentage body fat among Singaporean women.
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