The presence of pesticide residues in apple fruit raises serious health concerns. In multi-residue pesticide analysis, the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method ...has gradually replaced less efficient traditional extraction methods. This study developed a modified QuEChERS method coupled with ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) to simultaneously detect the residue of multiple pesticides in apple fruit. The method exhibited high linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99), and excellent recoveries (74.4–118.1 %) for 31 pesticides with relative standard deviations below 20 %. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.1–4.0 μg/kg and 2.0–10.0 μg/kg, respectively. By using the established method, 20 pesticides were detected in 152 'Fuji' apple samples collected from the orchards of 17 cities in two major apple production regions of China, with an overall detection rate of 58.6 %. The residue levels were below the maximum levels set by GB 2763–2019. Moreover, both the chronic dietary intake risk (%ADI) and the acute dietary intake risk (%ARfD) for all the detected pesticides were lower than 100 %, indicating that the dietary intake risks are acceptable and would not pose potential health risks.
Display omitted
•31 pesticides were simultaneously determined in apples by QuEChERS-UHPLC-MS/MS.•The method has satisfying sensitivity and recovery for all studied pesticides.•58.6% of the apple samples were detected with one or several pesticide residues.•The levels of pesticide residues pose no health risk to consumers.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their substitutes, novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), are ubiquitously present in the aquatic environment of electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling ...region, leading to their inevitable absorption and accumulation by aquatic organisms, which can be transferred to human via directly aquatic product consumption or through food chain, thereby posing potential health risks. This study focused on fish samples from Guiyu and its surrounding areas, and found the total PBDEs concentrations were 24–7400 ng/g lw (mean: 1800 ng/g lw) and the total NBFRs concentrations were 14 to 2300 ng/g lw (mean: 310 ng/g lw).
Significant positive correlations were found among PBDE congeners, among different NBFRs, and between NBFRs and commercial PBDEs that they replace. ΣPBDEs and ΣNBFRs in the intestine were 620–350,000 and 91–81,000 ng/g lw (mean: 83000 and 12,000 ng/g lw, respectively), significantly exceeding those in the gills, where ΣPBDEs and ΣNBFRs were 14–37,000 and 39–45,000 ng/g lw (mean: 9200 and 2400 ng/g lw, respectively). The ΣPBDEs and ΣNBFRs showed no non-carcinogenic risks to the target population through dietary intake. Despite the significantly higher daily intake of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) compared to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209), the non-carcinogenic risk associated with BDE209 remained higher than that of DBDPE. Our findings can assist researchers in understanding the presence of BFRs in aquatic organisms, inhabiting e-waste dismantling areas, and in evaluating the associated health risks posed to humans through dietary exposure.
Display omitted
•BDE47/154/153 and DBDPE were respectively dominant PBDEs and NBFRs in fish samples.•The BFRs concentrations in the intestines surpassed those in the gills.•Dietary BFR intakes through fish consumption did not pose human health risks in Guangdong Province.•DBDPE showed higher EDI values but lower non-carcinogenic risks than BDE209.
This is a detailed study of nutritional and lifestyle data on a single individual who adhered to the Paleolithic diet (PD) for a full year. The dietary intake was compared with evidence-based ...guidelines and various PD iterations from the research literature and popular diet books. Although the subject's diet aligned with PD book recommendations, several nutrients differed markedly from estimations in the scientific literature, highlighting the importance of relying on evidence-based dietary advice. These findings provide insight into a contemporary PD in practice, the feasibility of nutrition tracking, and how self-tracked dietary data can inform health behavior.
Adoption of allergen avoidance diets may increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies and affect growth in children with food allergy (FA). How these dietary restrictions have an impact on diet ...diversity, a health-promoting eating behavior, remains unclear.
To evaluate diet diversity, dietary intake, and weight status of children with FA.
Observational study.
One hundred children with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated milk, egg, or nut FA or multiple FAs and 60 children with perennial respiratory allergies (RA) matched as controls, aged 3 to 18 years, were consecutively recruited into the study.
Dietary intake and diet diversity (number of different foods consumed/day) were assessed through four 24-hour recalls. Weight status (underweight, healthy weight, overweight, or obesity) was also evaluated.
Chi-squared test and two-sample independent t test were used to test differences between groups. Adjustment for sex, age, and energy intake was made using linear regression.
The percentage of underweight was higher in children with FA (19.6%) compared with children in the control group (5.1%). Children with FA compared with children in the control group consumed more servings of meat (1.7, 95% confidence interval CI, 1.6, 1.9 vs. 1.5, 95%CI, 1.3, 1.7 servings/day Padj = 0.031). No difference was observed in the diet diversity between the two groups (11–12 different foods/day). Within the FA group, children with allergy to milk proteins had lower energy intake from protein, lower intake of calcium, lower consumption of commercially prepared sweets, and higher consumption of eggs, compared with children with nut or egg allergy, but no difference in diet diversity was observed.
Diet diversity did not differ between children with FA and children with no FA, despite some differences in the intake from specific food groups. However, the higher percentage of underweight in children with FA suggests the need for targeted nutrition intervention as early as possible after FA diagnosis.
Both the physical and social home food environment (HFE) are believed to influence dietary intake and diet quality, but few studies have examined both aspects together.
The purpose of this study was ...to examine the relationships among the physical and social HFE, dietary intake, and diet quality in mothers and children.
This was a cross-sectional substudy of a larger study.
The study included 24 mothers (aged ≥30 years) with a biological child aged 6 to 12 years living in the Newark, DE, area between June and November 2018.
The outcome measures of interest included the physical HFE (ie, home food availability); aspects of the social HFE (ie, parenting styles, family meal frequency, and policies); maternal and child intake of fruits, vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages, and snacks; and diet quality using the 2015 Healthy Eating Index total score.
Pearson correlations were used to examine the relationship between physical HFE and dietary intake as well as social HFE and dietary intake in both mothers and children. The relationships were further examined through exploratory regression analyses.
In mothers, fruit availability in the physical HFE was correlated with fruit intake (r = 0.50; P = 0.02). Fruit and vegetable availability in the physical HFE were correlated with 2015 Healthy Eating Index total score in both the mother and child. Family meals participation was correlated with dietary intake (vegetable intake in children, r = 0.44; P = 0.04; and snack intake in mothers, r = –0.74; P < .001). Exploratory regression analysis showed vegetables in the HFE was associated with vegetable intake and 2015 Healthy Eating Index total score in mothers, and fruits and vegetables in the HFE were associated with child 2015 Healthy Eating Index total score. Family meals participation was negatively associated with maternal snack intake and child sugar-sweetened beverages intake. Authoritative parenting was negatively associated with child snack intake and permissive parenting was negatively associated with mother’s fruit intake.
Both the physical and social HFE are associated with maternal and child dietary intake, but only the physical HFE was associated with dietary quality. Although preliminary, these data indicate the importance of future studies that include measures to assess both the physical and social HFE to better elucidate the influences of the HFE on dietary intake.
MATCH (Motivating Adolescents with Technology to CHOOSE Health) is an online, interdisciplinary wellness program targeted at improving adolescent nutrition that teachers can easily incorporate into ...existing curricula. The shift from childhood to adolescence is characterized by rapid increases in autonomy of nutritional intake. Given that dietary habits established in adolescence often persist into adulthood, effective nutrition education programs during this period are of particular relevance. Although there are a vast number of existing nutrition education programs aimed at adolescents, we explain why MATCH and similar programs should be expanded across the United States to improve adolescent health outcomes including obesity prevention.
Limited research is available on how motivations to adopt plant-based diets and nutrition literacy influence diet quality. This study assessed diet quality, diet motives and nutrition literacy in ...vegans, vegetarians, and semi-vegetarians, and investigated predictors of dietary quality.
Cross-sectional study, participants completed an online survey about diet-related motives and nutrition literacy. Dietary intake was assessed with the Diet History Questionnaire III and diet quality was calculated with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015. A one-way ANCOVA was used to compare diet quality, nutrition literacy, and diet motives among diets. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to identify significant predictors of diet quality.
Online survey, participants were recruited through paid targeted social media (Facebook/Instagram) advertising.
Adults following a plant-based diet, including 117 (52.5%) vegans, 51 (22.9%) vegetarians, and 55 (24.6%) semi-vegetarians.
Vegans had higher HEI-2015 scores (80.8±6.5, p<0.001) compared to vegetarians (75.1±9.1), and semi-vegetarians (76.8±7.5). Most participants (74%) had good nutrition literacy scores. Total nutrition literacy did not differ between groups, but vegans had higher vegetarian nutrition literacy than vegetarians and semi-vegetarians (p<0.001). Ecological welfare, health, and sensory appeal were highly important to all participants. Motives accounted for 12.8% of the variance in diet quality scores. HEI-2015 scores were positively associated with motives of health and natural content, but negatively associated with weight control motivation (all p<0.05).
Individuals following plant-based dietary patterns have high diet quality and nutrition literacy. Messages valuing intrinsic over extrinsic factors may facilitate healthier dietary adherence in this population.
The postpartum period is a critical period for maternal and infant health. There is clear evidence showing the short- and long-term health benefits for women to adopt a healthy diet during this ...period. An unhealthy diet during this period can lead to cardiovascular disease and mental health problem among the mothers. Besides, optimal food consumption during postpartum is crucial to support the additional nutrient requirements for breastfeeding and to reduce postpartum weight retention. Lack of social support and some harmful traditional dietary practices are among the barriers which prevent postpartum women from consuming balanced and nutritious food. Therefore, there is a need for effective nutritional intervention to promote better health for the population. Furthermore, the intervention should be culturally sensitive to respect the local traditional dietary practices for better community acceptance.
The purpose of this review is to share the process for reviewing, updating, and developing the most recent version of the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) for ages 2 and older, following the ...release of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), 2020-2025. The overall review process included: 1) gathering information from the updated DGA, experts, and federal stakeholders; 2) considering substantive changes and needs for new development, keeping in mind the HEI’s key features and guiding principles, the US Department of Agriculture’s Dietary Patterns that serve as the foundation for the HEI, and scoring considerations; and 3) completing evaluation analyses, including the examination of content validity. The review process led to the development of the HEI-2020; a separate HEI-Toddlers-2020 was developed for ages 12 through 23 months. The 13 components and scoring standards of the HEI-2020 fully align with the HEI-2015, although the index was renamed to clarify that it aligned with the most recent 2020-2025 DGA. As the evidence informing the DGA continues to evolve, various aspects of the HEI may need to evolve in the future as well. Further methodological research is encouraged to add to the scientific evidence base on dietary patterns, to examine needs specific to each life stage, and to model optimal trajectories of healthy dietary patterns over the lifespan.
Abstract
Objective:
This paper aims to report South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS) II Malaysia data on nutritional status, dietary intake, and nutritional biomarkers of children aged 6 months ...to 12 years.
Design:
Cross-sectional survey conducted in 2019-2020.
Setting:
Multistage cluster sampling conducted in Central, Northern, Southern, and East Coast regions of Peninsular Malaysia.
Participants:
2989 children aged 0.5-12.9 years.
Results:
Prevalences of stunting, thinness, overweight, and obesity among children aged 0.5-12.9 years were 8.9%, 6.7%, 9.2%, and 8.8%, respectively. Among children below 5 years old, 11.4% were underweight, 13.8% had stunting, and 6.2% wasting. Data on nutritional biomarkers showed a small proportion of children aged 4-12 years had iron (2.9%) and vitamin A deficiencies (3.1%). Prevalence of anaemia was distinctly different between children below 4 years old (40.3%) and those aged 4 years and above (3.0%). One-fourth of children (25.1%) had vitamin D insufficiency, which was twice as prevalent in girls (35.2% vs. boys: 15.6%). The majority of children did not meet the recommended dietary intake for calcium (79.4%) and vitamin D (94.8%).
Conclusions:
Data from SEANUTS II Malaysia confirmed that triple burden of malnutrition co-exists among children in Peninsular Malaysia, with higher prevalence of overnutrition than undernutrition. Anaemia is highly prevalent among children below 4 years old, while vitamin D insufficiency is more prevalent among girls. Low intakes of dietary calcium and vitamin D are also of concern. These findings provide policymakers with useful and evidence-based data to formulate strategies that address the nutritional issues of Malaysian children.
PDF