Purpose: Digital Transformation (DX) is a phenomenon that must be addressed properly so that its benefits can be optimized. Slow adaptation to DT leads to the destruction of the industry and ...threatens its sustainability. This article reveals significant insights in describing the trend of DX stages, especially in developing countries.Design/methodology/approach: Based on a comparative analysis of research related to DX in developing countries in reputable journals, more than 900 articles that reviewed DX. By conducting a strict and thorough screening of DX stages in developing countries, especially on the topic of Information Systems, 60 relevant articles were obtained.Findings: DX barriers in phase 1 comprise the fact that access and infrastructure are starting to be bridged, but not completely. DX barriers in developed countries have shifted predominantly from stage 1 to stage 2. More than 80 of the revealed indicators contribute to the success of DX in developing countries. In addition, this article also discusses various future research opportunities and essential indicators that intersect in stages 1, 2, and 3.Originality/value: DX barriers in developed countries have shifted predominantly from stage 1 to stage 2. More than 80 of the revealed indicators contribute to the success of DX in developing countries.
The article deals with measurement of pose repeatability of industrial robot Fanuc LR Mate 200iC. Laser interferometer Renishaw XL-80 and digital indicator Mitutoyo Absolute Digimatic ID-F are used ...for the measurement. The measurement methodology is based on so-called ISO cube placed in the most used part of robot workspace. Individual steps of the solution, the analysis of measurement data and results are presented in the article.
The article is aimed at an issue of assessment of performance criteria of manipulating industrial robots with focusing on positioning performance. There are presented: the testing of one-directional ...pose accuracy and repeatability on Robot Fanuc LR Mate 200iC within the Laboratory of the Department of Automation and Production Systems and processing of the measured data. The laser interferometer Renishaw and digital indicator Mitutoyo Digimatic were used for performing the testing experiments.
This paper presents a calibration method for parallel manipulators using a measurement system specially installed on an external fixed frame. The external fixed frame is important as an error ...reference for calibration in certain operations, such as in the configuration of a parallel manipulator functioning as a machine tool where the workpiece is fixed to a worktable. The pose of the end-effector is measured using three digital indicators installed on the external fixed frame. To enable measurement, the end-effector is assumed to be a plane large enough that all digital indicators could touch. The error is defined as the difference between the theoretical and actual readings of the digital indicators. The geometric parameters of the parallel manipulator are optimized to minimize this error. This calibration method is low cost and feasible for compensating geometric parameter errors for a parallel manipulator. Optimal pose selection for the calibration is achieved using a swarm intelligence search algorithm. The method is implemented on a prototype of a six degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) Gough-Stewart platform constructed to function as a machine tool.
Complex quality evaluation of manufacturing and control process is based on assessment of capability of measuring equipment. Substantiation of measuring equipment capability is evoked by constantly ...growing need to prove suitability of chosen inspection method from a view of global approach to inspection process. The contribution described evaluation of capability of digital indicator within its entire measuring range (0 to 12.7 mm) by the means of measurement equipment index Cgm and Measurement equipment index Golden Device Cgmk. Evaluation of capability of the given measuring equipment digital indicator Mitutoyo was carried out by repeated measurements of standards with dimensions representing lower, middle and upper range of the measuring instrument at given accuracy of measuring equipment 2μm.
In the Information Communication Technology (ICT) era, teachers will have to wisely use the online environment in order to realize a new pedagogy. We developed a digital indicator for examining the ...extent to which technological knowledge is integrated with pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). This indicator is used to examine online tasks developed by teachers in different subjects over time. It enables quantitative measurement of the integration of technological knowledge with content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge and thus affords a measure for the extent of integration. The digital indicator can be used to plan online tasks as well as for the teachers to test their own professional development in integrating technology in teaching. Use of the digital indicator can be implemented when training student teachers as well as in in-service training for teachers. Fifty-three online tasks developed by 14 high school teachers in different subjects were evaluated between 2001 and 2007. Evaluation of the online tasks was performed quantitatively using the digital evaluation instrument after it was validated and its reliability was examined. We examined the change and progress which took place in the integration of technological knowledge with pedagogical content knowledge over time as well as the contribution of guidance to the teachers’ professional development for integration of technology in teaching. The findings indicate that the effect of time, which is expressed by the acquisition of experience, contributes to the integration of the technological knowledge with the teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge. The findings also indicate that guidance plays a significant role in the implementation of the integration of technological knowledge with the teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge. We recommend that correct integration of TPACK should be emphasized when planning professional development for teachers in the field of online tasks. We also recommend the development of models for teachers’ professional development for integration of technology in teaching, with reference to the teachers’ professional knowledge, i.e. their pedagogical content knowledge. The best ways for integrating the technological knowledge must be examined, such that the focus will not be on learning technological tools, but rather on the integration of pedagogy in technology. It is necessary to start from the field of knowledge and the teaching methods appropriate for this particular field of knowledge, and there to integrate technology. Optimal integration will lead to a change in teaching, to relevance for the students and to meaningful learning.
This paper presents a fully observable and global kinematic calibration method for a parallel manipulator. A
constraint operator is introduced to constrain a mobile platform with a planar table and ...digital indicators. Taking calibration data from the optimal configurations makes the kinematic parameters fully observed while shifting a constraint plane leads to the global calibration. We eliminate the concern over the poor parameter observability due to the constrained movements and the local calibration due to a single planar constraint. The low-cost and high-accuracy digital indicators are used as a device to check if the constrained movement is completed. Using only one planar table for a mechanical fixture avoids the misalignment of multiple constraint planes. We apply the calibration method to the Stewart–Gough platform. Calibration results verify that the method, which improves the robustness under the constrained movements, is a fully observable and global calibration manner.
In the Information Communication Technology era teachers will have to wisely use the online environment in order to realize a new pedagogy. The penetration of the internet and collaborative online ...instruments to teaching and learning affect the quality of teaching. We have developed a digital indicator to evaluate the quality of the online tasks in terms of content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, technological knowledge and technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). The score for the task is obtained immediately, with emphasis of its weaknesses and strengths. The indicator was used to examine 53 online tasks that were created by teachers from 2001 to 2007. We found that teachers can use this indicator for evaluating the quality of the tasks that were developed as well as to test the improvement that took place in their tasks over time.
This paper introduces a constraint operator for the kinematic calibration of a parallel mechanism. By adopting the concept of a constraint operator, the movement between two poses is constrained. ...When the constrained movements are satisfied, the active joint displacements are taken and inputted into the kinematic model to compute the theoretical movements. A cost function is derived by the errors between the theoretical movement and the actual movement. The parameters that minimize the cost function are estimated and substituted into the kinematic model for a kinematic calibration. A single constraint plane is employed as a mechanical fixture to constrain the movement, and three digital indicators are used as the sensing devices to determine whether the constrained movement is satisfied. This calibration system represents an effective, low cost and feasible technique for a parallel mechanism. A calibration algorithm is developed with a constraint operator and implemented on a parallel manipulator constructed for a machining center tool.
The current study aims to use the descriptive experimental approach as an applied tool for spatial development in its modern sense in the proposed new city project in Samawah, and to benefit from the ...development potential. The method of digital analysis of the developmental possibilities was used using the modern geographic information system (GIS), the SWOT strategic analysis model, and the spatial interaction of the real situation to reach the appropriate strategy for comprehensive development, the direction of expansion, and the appropriate spatial signature of the new city. The development strategy (SO) was proposed through a spatial model based on the strengths and opportunities of the development potential under consideration, to aid in the appropriate planning decision-making process to integrate and implement a new city with a sustainable social green economy.
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