The possibilities of manifestation and intensity of landslide processes on the basis of instrumental researches of the relief of the National Arboretum "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences ...of Ukraine are analyzed. It is noted that geodetic observations and measurements in the particular landslide areas was creation of a geodetic network, marking on the ground with special solid monuments and periodic re-measurements their 3-D coordinates, determining the boundaries and volumes of landslides, prediction landslides speed and direction of shift. The observation of landslides was carried out in several cycles according to the speed of the landslide phenomenon. Based on the materials of the topographic survey of the landslide slope, which was performed during the first cycle of observations, a digital terrain model was created on Surfer software package. The results of observations, cartographic materials were obtained and can be further used to develop appropriate anti-landslide measures. It is noted that the application of digital modeling of landslide processes allows to improve the definition of spatiotemporal characteristics of landslides. Also was emphasized that digital terrain modeling makes possible to obtain maximum information for complex solution of geodynamic problems on landslides. Such as, identification of landslides, establishing direction lines for the largest landslide movements, to choose types of protective measures and specify correspondent zones of possible landslides development. It is noted that geological studies of landslide areas allow to determine the sliding area and provides material for mapping the moving capacity of the landslide body in meters, moving rate in millimeters per month and slide directions. It is emphasized that the landslide model can be supplemented by hydrometeorological, hydrogeological and geophysical data. Also the overwetting of the soil due to precipitation leads to an increase in the weight of the landslide and influence of this factor must be taken into account. Since the above maps are created for each cycle of observations, comparing data from different cycles, we can analyze the dynamics of the landslide process, forecast of landslides development and design appropriate type of measures. If the implemented measures do not allow to reduce the slide rate, they are considered ineffective and we have to the develop other measures and procedures. On the contrary, the termination of the landslide process confirms the correctness of management decisions regarding the organization and conduct of landslide engineering works
The purpose of this scientific work is to study the potential of neural network technologies in the field of extracting linear structures from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital terrain ...models (DTMs). Linear structures, also known as lineaments, play an important role in the verification of known faults, the identification of fault-fracture structures, and detailing the framework of discontinuous faults, as well as in the exploration of mineral resources. Their accurate and effective extraction in solving the depicted problems is of fundamental importance. The use of neural network technologies provides a number of advantages over sequential algorithms, including the ability to search for universal criteria for identifying lineaments based on a training sample. This paper considers a comprehensive innovative methodology that includes several key stages. The first stage is the author’s method of data preparation, which helps ensure the quality of the training sample and minimize the impact of noise. The second stage is to develop an algorithm for vectorizing the results of the neural network operation, which allows one to easily export the results (lineaments) to a geographic information system (GIS). The third stage provides a method for minimizing the noise component of the training sample and optimizing the selection of synaptic weighting coefficients by retraining the neural network using simulated data reflecting various localization conditions of the lineaments. To verify the results, a spatial comparison of linear structures extracted by the neural network and lineaments isolated by the operator is carried out. The results of this comparison demonstrate the high potential of the proposed approach and show that the use of neural network technologies is a topical and promising approach for solving the problem of extracting linear structures from digital models of the terrain. Positive conclusions are made about the expediency of using the results obtained for their practical application in the field of earth sciences.
Cadastral surveying of land is the determination, establishment, and survey of the legal boundaries of a land unit. Cadastral surveying of land is performed that it is necessary to divide a unit of ...land, merge land units or rearrange the boundaries, if it is necessary to update the situation or encumbrance plan. In the process of cadastral surveying of land, an area plan is prepared. Sometimes the terrain situation is complicated, and it is difficult for a surveyor to access the object. When the terrain situation is difficult, a digital terrain model can be used in the surveyor's work. The digital relief model is a set of points with a step between points of 20 meters. Each point has known plane coordinates (X, Y) and altitude (Z). The points cover the area in the form of a regular network. In Latvia the digital relief model is linked to the LKS-92 TM coordinate system, the normal height system LAS-2000.5 1. In the digital relief model, it is possible to see such elements of the situation as ditches, rivers, roads. The main result of research is, if the object is in a place with thick overgrowth, such as a forest, then the digital relief model has well-visible ditches or other elements of the situation, which greatly facilitates the surveyor's work. Thus, the surveyor can draw this ditch from the model, not many measurements are required, the surveyor's time is saved. Very often these types of objects are difficult to access. Digital relief model is a good helper in daily work.
The relevance of the discussed issue is caused by the necessity to enhance the objectivity and reliability of information on land plots in relation with the conducting reform of the system of State ...real property cadastre. The integration of an environmental component into the system of State real property cadastre is relevant to the maintenance of high-polluted urban territories. Nowadays there are no approved standards in this field, and various techniques proposed by experts are based on analysis and assessment of existing contamination levels of environment components. The urban environment is not considered as a dynamic system, and its development over time and space is not taken into account. Thus, the complex analysis of time and space dynamics of pollutants in accordance with natural conditions and city infrastructure is essential for the system analysis of urban environment. The aim of the study was to determine an approach to integrate environmental component into the system of State real property cadastre by geoinformation analysis and 3D cartographic modeling of time and space dynamics of pollutants in urban environment. The methods: geoinformation analysis, cartographic modeling, cartographic visualization techniques, 3D cartographic modeling. The results. The authors have proposed the approach to assess urban environment taking into account the patterns of pollution dissemination and proved the logical sequence of integration of heterogeneous environmental data for modeling pollution distribution. The digital relief model and digital terrain model of Novosibirsk city were formed. The environmental database of Novosibirsk city was developed. The authors carried out the zoning of city territory by composite index regarding environmental risk and designed a 3D model of pollution dissemination. Conclusion. The approach introduced provides the dynamic analysis of urban environment as a result of interaction of natural and anthropogenic processes determining pollution dissemination. This provides the detailed and objective assessment of environment of cadastral quarters and lays the foundation for integration of the environmental component into the system of State real propert y cadastre.
The possibilities of using data of Earth remote sensing for the construction of a geomorphological profile for the purpose of agroecological assessment of soil cover patterns and subsequent land ...typification as a basis for the design of adaptive landscape agriculture in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are considered. The geomorphological profile illustrates the features of the relief and regularities in the distribution of soil structures with a certain set of agro-ecological conditions and limiting factors that determine the choice of agro-technologies and farming systems.
The authors report on interferometric processing of satellite radar data with the aim of determining the subsidence of the ground surface in the undermined areas of civil and industrial ...infrastructure. The interferometry method results and the instrumental monitoring data are compared in terms of a few actual mines.
Work has been carried out to create a system for forecasting and monitoring spring floods on the Ishim River using remote sensing data of the Earth. The model was based on information about the ...hydrological characteristics of the Ishim River and its tributaries obtained from the reference network of Kazhydromet posts. Archival data on natural and climatic conditions (snow cover height, precipitation, temperature) were also reviewed. Based on the data, you can see the approximate direction of water movement when it exits the channel. It is also possible to assess the dynamics of such a movement. Increasing the amount of such data will allow us to build a digital relief model for the entire floodplain. As a result of processing data from hydrological posts, the runoff coefficient was calculated, long-term flood hydrographs were constructed for each hydropost.
In the introductory chapter, the author explains the term “digital elevation model”~outlines the features of the 100-meter digital elevation model of Slovenia~presents relief as a component part of ...the landscape, the geographic information system, and maps~derives a special coefficient for surface undulation based on changes in altitude and inclination~describes the method for determining relationships between relief and other components of the landscape~and outlines the basic characteristics of the surface of Slovenia.The central chapters are devoted to presenting the characteristics of altitude, inclination, and surface exposition determined by the author using the 100-meter digital elevation model. On the basis of an analysis of numerous relief elements, primarily altitude, inclination, and relief coefficients, the author defines the relief units of Slovenia and calculates the relationship between relief and several other landscape elements, in particular rocks, vegetation, population, and settlement patterns.
U radu se donose novi podaci o topografskim osobitostima utvrde Gradina kod Špišić Bukovice. Visinsko gradište snimljeno je totalnom geodetskom stanicom te je u programskom paketu Golden Software ...Surfer 11 načinjen digitalni model. Nakon što se iznesu osnovni povijesni i arheološki podaci o lokalitetu, objašnjavaju se postupci dokumentiranja i obrade podataka kao i mogućnosti koje pruža Surfer što se kroz članak ilustrativno potkrepljuje raznim projekcijama tlocrta i presjeka utvrde.
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