ABSTRACT The War of the Pacific had international consequences, as manifested in the various efforts to intervene and mediate on the part of the European powers and the United States. From the ...analysis of this documentation, there emerges that rather than seeking peace, the representatives of the United States, including State Secretary Blaine, sought to protect private interests to which they were deeply committed. ...the intervention and role played by United States diplomacy compromised the peace negotiations, generating false expectations in Peru as well as placing the government of the Unites States in a delicate situation, bringing to the fore the existing antagonisms between the main European nations and the Unites States in relation to the rapports with South America. The War of the Pacific, French diplomacy, French Naval Station of the Pacific, arbitration, Secretary of State of the United States.
The monograph examines the development of interwar Hungarian cultural diplomacy in three areas: academia, the tourist industry, and motion picture and radio production. It is a story of how Hungarian ...elites perceived—and misperceived—themselves, their surroundings, and their own ability to affect the country’s fate amid high hopes and deepseated anxieties about the country’s place in a Europe newly reconstructed after World War I. Though the study is rooted in Hungary, it explores the dynamic and contingent relationship between identity construction and transnational cultural and political currents in small EastCentral European nations in the interwar period.
Gerard Keown is writing here in a personal capacity. This text is based on a paper delivered at the seminar 'A Unique Relationship': Celebrating 90 Years of Ireland-U.S. Relations-The First Decades ...of Irish Diplomacy in America, which took place at the Embassy of Ireland, Washington D.C., on 7 October 2014.
This article is based on a comprehensive overview of the evolution of the academic literature on cultural diplomacy since its official inception during the midst of the Cold War, in 1959. It draws on ...mapping, chronology building, and thematic analysis of all scholarship published on cultural diplomacy in the Scopus database, the largest academic database in the world. The research explores how the discipline has evolved, what geographies and thematic areas it covered in the past, and what is the future of this discipline. These explorations start a conversation on cultural diplomacy as an independent academic discipline that most recently has gained a wider and stronger attention and reached a higher stage of scholarly maturity. This article is evidence that the research on CD is rapidly progressing with time, incorporating new thematic areas for exploration as well as covering wider cultural and political geographies. The research findings suggest further trajectories for the development of cultural diplomacy as an academic enquiry, focusing on different diplomatic channels, modes of operation, structures, actors, meanings, and implications.
En su conocido relato “Tachas”, Efrén Hernández alude a un amigo de juventud: César Garizurieta Erenzweig, conocido por el sobrenombre del “Tlacuache”. Es, como se dijo en su momento, un cuento ...desconcertante y vanguardista, cuya trama se desarrolla dentro de un salón de clases. Hernández gustaba “retratarse” en sus narraciones y también disfrutaba hacerlo con sus propios amigos y conocidos.
This open access book explores the organization and evolution of Finland’s Cold War cultural diplomacy (1945-1975) as the basis for a reflection on the country’s foreign relations, the link between ...culture and politics, small states’ autonomy during the Cold War, and the porosity of the East-West divide. The book offers a historical survey of the development of Finland’s cultural diplomacy as part of the Finnish state’s foreign activities. In its empirical parts, it focuses on archives drawn from the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Education in order to explain Finland’s cultural diplomacy as the result of the country’s foreign policy orientations, interactions between domestic and foreign policy, and the expansion of state activities in the artistic, educational, and cultural sectors. Various reflections and reports on foreign cultural relations highlight the role of identity concerns, cultural relations, geopolitics and economic imperatives in the development of a specifically Finnish cultural diplomacy. Furthermore, the book focuses on specific aspects and events, considering for instance the organization and evolutions of Finland’s cultural relations with the USSR, the role of cultural treaties, academic exchanges and scientific cooperation, “cultural exports” and the marketization of culture, overlaps between cultural relations and high politics.
This work analyses the multi-dimensional concept of science diplomacy. More specifically, it examines the development, establishment and functioning of Science and Innovation Centres (SICs). In an ...original comparative and longitudinal study, this work closely analyses the institutionalisation of two distinct SICs: Germany’s Deutsche Wissenschafts- und Innovationshäuser (DWIH) and Switzerland’s Swissnex. It further probes why actors participate in SICs by deciphering their differing rationales and thus developing a distinctly actor-centred perspective on science diplomacy. The findings reaffirm that science diplomacy is clearly driven by national interests, while further highlighting that the notion of science diplomacy and its governance (actors, rationales and instruments) can only be fully understood by analysing the national context in question.
Diplomatic action in international relations is a global security priority in the inter-connected world. The birth of cyber diplomacy, occurred in the year 2007, which will always be remembered due ...to a wide-ranging cyber attack on Estonia. Indeed, Estonia is known for being one of the most wired countries in Europe. The attack consisted of crippled computer networks because of hackers which paralysed numerous amount of government and corporates sites. The escalation in these kinds of attacks highlighted the need for governments to formulate national cyber strategies. This sprang from the realisation that cyberspace, like the physical world, also has military and strategic dimensions and requires countries to work together to defeat cyber opponents.
Attacks within cyberspace are subject to strategically-formulated threats, which go beyond the usual physical terrorist-type threats. Global progress, democracy and peace are at stake. This makes cyber diplomacy a major issue for countries’ foreign policies, due to the interdisciplinary nature of the domain. A number of aspects are relevant in this respect: policies, politics and sociology (dread), diplomacy, digital/cyber science, multilateralism and world history.
This paper reports on a systematic literature review that was carried out to reveal the dimensions of current cyber diplomacy research. While a number of studies have introduced and defined “Cyber Diplomacy” and its associated diplomatic actions, none have sought to distinguish this field from the more traditional and well established diplomacy concept. This is a significant gap in the literature, which will be the topic of future research.
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