Graph learning is an effective dimensionality reduction (DR) manner to analyze the intrinsic properties of high dimensional data, it has been widely used in the fields of DR for hyperspectral image ...(HSI) data, but they ignore the collaborative relationship between sample pairs. In this paper, a novel supervised spectral DR method called local constrained manifold structure collaborative preserving embedding (LMSCPE) was proposed for HSI classification. At first, a novel local constrained collaborative representation (CR) model is designed based on the CR theory, which can obtain more effective collaborative coefficients to characterize the relationship between samples pairs. Then, an intraclass collaborative graph and an interclass collaborative graph are constructed to enhance the intraclass compactness and the interclass separability, and a local neighborhood graph is constructed to preserve the local neighborhood structure of HSI. Finally, an optimal objective function is designed to obtain a discriminant projection matrix, and the discriminative features of various land cover types can be obtained. LMSCPE can characterize the collaborative relationship between sample pairs and explore the intrinsic geometric structure in HSI. Experiments on three benchmark HSI data sets show that the proposed LMSCPE method is superior to the state-of-the-art DR methods for HSI classification.
In this study, the integrated iron and steel plant mill scales prepared to concentrate in different ratios by blending with hematite character ore. CMC was used as binder and coke will be used as ...reductant. The calcite was added in such a way that the basicity ratio is 0.7. The pelletizing machine was pellet the blends containing the mill scales at different ratios and then drying at a temperature of 150 °C. 28 kg / pellet compressive strength was obtained in the pellets prepared from 100% mill scales. As the amount of ore increased, 45 kg / pellet was reached with a 50% increase in compressive strength. After compression tests, dried pellets were subjected to reduction at 3 different temperatures (1200, 1300 and 1400 C) and their reduction degrees were calculated based on oxygen loss. The highest reduction degree (82%) was obtained at 1400 ° C from the completely prepared with mill scales.
Bu çalışmada, hematit karakterli demir cevheri ile entegre demir çelik fabrikası haddehane tufali farklı oranlarda harmanlanarak hazırlanmıştır. Bağlayıcı olarak CMC ve indirgeyici olarak ise kok kullanılmıştır. Baziklik oranı 0.7 olacak şekilde kalsit ilave edilmiştir. Peletleme makinesi ile farklı oranlarda haddehane tufali içeren karışımlar pelet haline getirilmiş ve ardından 150 ° C’de kurutulmuştur. % 100 haddehane tufalinden hazırlanan peletlerde 28 kg / pelet basma dayanımı elde edilmiştir. Cevher miktarı arttıkça basma dayanımında % 50 artışla 45 kg / pelet’e ulaşılmıştır. Basma testlerinden sonra, kurutulmuş peletler 3 farklı sıcaklıkta (1200, 1300 ve 1400 oC) indirgenmeye tabi tutulmuş ve oksijen kaybına göre indirgenme dereceleri hesaplanmıştır. En yüksek indirgenme derecesine (% 82) 1400 oC 'de tamamen haddehane tufali ile hazırlanan peletlerde ulaşılmıştır.
DNA–DNA crosslinks, especially interstrand crosslinks (ICLs), cause cytotoxicity via blocking replication and transcription. Most measurements of ICLs lack sensitivity and structural information. ...Here, a high resolution, accurate mass spectrometry (HRMS) method was developed to comprehensively determine the untargeted, totality of DNA crosslinks, a.k.a. DNA crosslinkomics. Two novel features were introduced into this method: the accurate mass neutral losses of both two 2-deoxyribose (dR) and one dR groups will screen for ICLs as modified dinucleosides; the accurate mass neutral losses of both of the two nucleobases and one nucleobase will detect unstable DNA crosslinks, that could undergo depurination. Our crosslinkomics approach was tested by screening for crosslinks in formaldehyde- and chlorambucil-treated calf thymus DNA. The results showed that all expected drug-bridged crosslinks were detected successfully, along with various unexpected crosslinks. Using HRMS, the molecular formula and chemical structures of these unexpected crosslinks were determined. The formation of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site-derived crosslinks, at levels comparable to those for drug-bridged crosslinks, highlighted their novel, potential role in cytotoxicity. Our new crosslinkomics approach can detect expected and unexpected environmental and drug-induced crosslinks in biological samples. This broadens the existing cellular DNA adductome and offers the potential to become a powerful tool in precision medicine.
To compare the safety and efficacy of low-dose anticoagulation (LA) with that of standardized dose anticoagulation (SA) for patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
PubMed, ...MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were screened for original articles. Screening was performed using predefined search terms to identify cohort studies reporting the comparison of LA with SA in patients supported with ECMO from Nov 1990 to Jun 2020. The effect size was determined by the odds ratio (OR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI).
An analysis of 7 studies including a total of 553 patients was performed. LA (Low-heparin group) was administered to 255 patients, whereas the other 298 patients received SA (Full-heparin group). The incidence of gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.20-0.64) and surgical site hemorrhage (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20-0.94) were significantly lower in patients who underwent LA compared with that in those who underwent SA. The rates of hospital mortality (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.42-1.56), successfully weaning off of ECMO (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.30-2.14), pulmonary embolism (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.24-2.65), intracardiac thrombus (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.09-1.30), intracranial hemorrhage (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.22-1.74), and pulmonary hemorrhage (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.30-1.93) were similar between the two groups.
This meta-analysis confirms that LA is a feasible and safe anticoagulation strategy in patients supported by ECMO. Future studies should focus on the long-term benefits of LA compared with SA.
The Fe3O4 and Fe2SiO4 in copper slag were successfully reduced to metallic iron by coal-based direct reduction. Under the best reduction conditions of 1300 °C reduction temperature, 30 min reduction ...time, 35 wt.% coal dosage, and 20 wt.% CaO dosage (0.75 binary basicity), the Fe grade of obtained iron concentration achieved 91.55%, and the Fe recovery was 98.13%. The kinetic studies on reduction indicated that the reduction of copper slag was controlled by the interfacial reaction and carbon gasification at 1050 °C. When at a higher reduction temperature, the copper slag reduction was controlled by the diffusion of the gas. The integral kinetics model research illustrated that the reaction activation energy increased as the reduction of copper slag proceeded. The early reduction of Fe3O4 needed a low reaction activation energy. The subsequent reduction of Fe2SiO4 needed higher reaction activation energy compared with that of Fe3O4 reduction.
Soft-switching techniques of transformerless photovoltaic grid-connected inverters (TLIs) can significantly reduce switching losses, as well as soften switching processes. Conventional dc-ac ...soft-switching configurations proposed by Dr. Deepakraj M. Divan are invalid in TLIs because of the leakage current problem. In order to develop soft-switching techniques in TLIs, this paper proposes a new soft-switching configuration and a procedure to guide the invention of soft-switching TLIs. First, this paper proposes two basic resonance tanks related to dc bus polarities, and then, uses these basic tanks to elevate four popular full-bridge-type TLIs according to the proposed guideline. As a result, four soft-switching TLIs are gained. Second, this paper picks obtained soft-switching highly efficient and reliable inverter concept (HERIC) as example to analyze its soft-switching operation principle and performance. As a consequence, all active switches of the gained soft-switching HERIC circuit are switched under both of zero-current turn-on and turn-off conditions; the reverse recovery problem of freewheeling diodes is alleviated owing to the zero-current turn-off of diodes; meanwhile, the common-mode voltage at the switching frequency scale is still constant. Finally, some experimental results from a 3-kW universal prototype at 50-kHz switching frequency are provided to verify the effectiveness of the main contributions of this paper.
How animals respond to conflict provides key insights into the evolution of socio-cognitive and emotional capacities. Evidence from apes has shown that, after social conflicts, bystanders approach ...victims of aggression to offer stress-alleviating contact behavior, a phenomenon known as consolation. This other-orientated behavior depends on sensitivity to the other's emotional state, whereby the consoler acts to ameliorate the other's situation. We examined post-conflict interactions in bonobos (Pan paniscus) to identify the determinants of consolation and reconciliation. Thirty-six semi-free bonobos of all ages were observed at the Lola ya Bonobo Sanctuary, DR Congo, using standardized Post-conflict/Matched Control methods. Across age and sex classes, bonobos consoled victims and reconciled after conflicts using a suite of affiliative and socio-sexual behaviors including embracing, touching, and mounting. Juveniles were more likely to console than adults, challenging the assumption that comfort-giving rests on advanced cognitive mechanisms that emerge only with age. Mother-reared individuals were more likely to console than orphans, highlighting the role of rearing in emotional development. Consistent with previous studies, bystanders were more likely to console relatives or closely bonded partners. Effects of kinship, affiliation and rearing were similarly indicated in patterns of reconciliation. Nearby bystanders were significantly more likely to contact victims than more distal ones, and consolation was more likely in non-food contexts than during feeding. The results did not provide convincing evidence that bystander contacts served for self-protection or as substitutes for reconciliation. Overall, results indicate that a suite of social, developmental and contextual factors underlie consolation and reconciliation in bonobos and that a sensitivity to the emotions of others and the ability to provide appropriate consolatory behaviors emerges early in development.
A new activity for the NiFe uptake hydrogenase 1 of Escherichia coli (Hyd1) is presented. Direct reduction of biological flavin cofactors FMN and FAD is achieved using H2 as a simple, completely ...atom‐economical reductant. The robust nature of Hyd1 is exploited for flavin reduction across a broad range of temperatures (25–70 °C) and extended reaction times. The utility of this system as a simple, easy to implement FMNH2 or FADH2 regenerating system is then demonstrated by supplying reduced flavin to Old Yellow Enzyme “ene‐reductases” to support asymmetric alkene reductions with up to 100 % conversion. Hyd1 turnover frequencies up to 20.4 min−1 and total turnover numbers up to 20 200 were recorded during flavin recycling.
Robust NiFe hydrogenase 1 (Hyd1) from Escherichia coli is shown to have non‐native, H2‐dependent activity for FMN and FAD reduction. It is a promising recycling system for FMNH2 or FADH2 supply to flavoenzymes for chemical synthesis when coupled with an Old Yellow Enzyme ene‐reductase.
Selecting customers for demand response (DR) programs is challenging, and existing methodologies are hard to scale and poor in performance. The existing methods are limited by lack of temporal ...consumption information at the individual customer level. We propose a scalable methodology for DR program targeting utilizing novel data available from individual-level smart meters. The approach relies on formulating the problem as a stochastic knapsack problem involving predicted customer responses. A novel and efficient approximation algorithm is developed so it can scale to problems involving millions of customers. The methodology is tested experimentally using real smart meter data in more than 58k residential households.
Cerebral infarction is one of the causes of stroke in the brain and is included in ischemic stroke. To detect infarction in the brain, classification in machine learning can be used. They are ...k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) and Naive Bayes (NB). kNN is a simple and well-known machine learning method with high accuracy values. however, kNN can produce sub-optimal results if very little training data is used. Because it will produce accuracy from a biased model and has less than optimal performance. Meanwhile, Naive Bayes Classifier has a better level of accuracy compared to other classifier models. And only requires a small training test to get high accuracy. Therefore, this study will compare 2 different classifications to get the highest accuracy in the brain infarction dataset obtained from the Department of Radiology, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM). The accuracy of this method reaches 91% for kNN and 97% for Naive Bayes.
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