Neoliberal normative change calls for a new cultural form that takes neoliberal values and modes of action as commonsense notions. These new frameworks of action permeate both the way of governing ...populations, as well as individual subjectivities, shaping the strategies of transformation of the system, criticism, forms of resistance or the claim of rights. We understand that social entrepreneurship is a phenomenon that exposes how these dynamics are reproduced and, therefore, in the article we analyze the data collected through an ethnographic research in an incubator of social entrepreneurs in the city of Madrid, how neoliberal normative frameworks mediate space management, work dynamics and the creation of projects that seek social transformation and environmental protection. Thus, the social entrepreneurs who come together in this space are called upon to elaborate their projects, giving preponderance to commercial principles over contributions to society in general.
El cambio normativo neoliberal interpela una nueva forma cultural que toma como nociones de sentido común los valores y modos de acción neoliberales. Estos nuevos marcos de acción permean en la manera de gobernar las poblaciones, así como en las subjetividades individuales, moldeando las estrategias de trasformación del sistema, la crítica, las formas de resistencia o la reivindicación de derechos. Entendemos que el emprendimiento social es un fenómeno que expone como se reproducen estas dinámicas y, por ello, en el artículo analizamos los datos recogidos mediante una investigación etnográfica en una incubadora de emprendedores sociales de la ciudad de Madrid, cómo median los marcos normativos neoliberales en la gestión del espacio, las dinámicas de trabajo y la creación de proyectos que buscan la trasformación social y la protección del medioambiente. Así, los emprendedores sociales que se dan cita en este espacio están llamados a elaborar sus proyectos dando preponderancia a los principios mercantiles sobre las aportaciones a la sociedad en general.
The article elaborates on the role of deservingness discourses in regulating membership of non-citizen groups in Germany. Specifically, it focuses on Hungarians working or volunteering in ...institutions of refugee accommodation in Germany. It asks how personal migration experience and migrant statuses and identities of Hungarian workers are mobilised when recreating discourses of refugee-deservingness. Performance expectations on refugees related to education and employment evoked references to similarities of migration experience, strengthening an empathetic perspective towards refugee clients and students. Deservingness frameworks related to culture were more ambiguous. A ‘mission civilisatrice’, that is educating Muslim Others to European, non-Muslim ways of behaving and thinking, often tied to gender relations, was paralleled by a continuous attempt to challenge and dismantle such discourses of difference and disciplining. These ambivalences of empathetic identification and disciplinary racialisation draw the contours of a characteristic place of (Hungarian) migrant workers in the governance of refugee accommodation in Germany.
Black students face hyper-disciplining and high levels of social control when they enter American schools. The cultural mismatch hypothesis attempts to explain this hyper-disciplining by arguing that ...the mostly White teaching force misinterprets the attitudes and behaviors of Black students, which leads to their hyper-disciplining. Utilizing a longitudinal, deeply iterative, participatory, and critical ethnographic research process, however, this article shows that traditional scholarship around the cultural mismatch hypothesis is insufficient. The analysis indicates that teachers’ misinterpretation of mismatched capital (the traditional cultural mismatch hypothesis) is actually a racialized interpretation of both matched and mismatched capital coming from Black students, and such racialized interpretations are guided by the logic of antiblackness endemic to American institutions. Hence, this research argues for the integration of antiblackness as a theoretical tool to expand upon cultural mismatch explanations and for the creation of educational spaces where Black students are recognized, valued, and treated with dignity and humanization.
Violent forms of discipline in schools continue to be widespread across the globe despite their damaging effects. Since little is known about factors influencing the extent of violence applied by ...teachers, this study aimed to investigate the influence of teachers’ stress, work satisfaction, and personal characteristics on their disciplining style. Using structural equation modeling, associations between violent discipline, burnout symptoms, and job perceptions (pressure and difficulties in class) reported by 222 teachers from 11 secondary schools in Tanzania in 2015 were analyzed. Results indicated a direct association between perceived stress and emotional violent discipline (β=.18, p<.05) as well as physical violent discipline (β=.37, p<.001). Perceived stress also mediated the association between job perceptions and both forms of violent disciplining. The model showed good model fit (χ2 44, n=222=67.47 (p=.013), CFI=.94, TLI=.91, IFI=.94, RMSEA=.049 90%-CI=.02–.07, PCLOSE=.50, SRMR=.06). Our findings suggest that teachers’ personal perceptions of their work as well as their stress burden play a role in their disciplining styles. Our findings underline the importance of integrating topics, such as stress and coping as well as positive, nonviolent discipline measures into the regular teacher’s training and in addition to develop and evaluate school-based preventative interventions for teachers.
The sensation of touch and the need for physical contact are fundamental in the development of human behaviour. As an intimate medium of communication, tactile interactions between men and women can ...make their social bonds more profound. But there are both “contact” and “no contact” societies that differ in their attitude towards tactile communications. While “contact” cultures are largely touchy-feely communities, “no contact” cultures like India problematise touch between opposite genders due to reasons related to the caste system, fear of sexual vulgarity, subversion of gender roles, and so forth. On close observation we find that all these reasons are interconnected and interdependent. With its prime focus on the “no-touch taboo” among opposite genders in India, this paper explores the underlying role of sexuality, patriarchy and conventional gender roles in perpetuating the established social structure in India. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms reveals that, in India, a touch-averse culture is essential in the preservation of its systems of power.
This article analyses the work of prevention within a specific social field: the families of prisoners. From this place of experience, it examines how prevention takes shape as a technology of ...government that guides practices, thoughts and ways of being. Within this relational movement, this article theorizes the concept of “subject of prevention” in order to explain how a framework of subjectivation emerges as an agent of moral discipline, which is conceived through a neoliberal grammar of state programs, translated into ordinary language by NGO workers and driven by the imperative to prevent.
Este artículo analiza el trabajo de la prevención dentro de un campo social específico: las familias de reclusos. Desde este lugar de experiencia, examina cómo la prevención toma forma como una tecnología de gobierno que orienta prácticas, pensamientos y formas de ser. Dentro de este movimiento relacional, este artículo teoriza el concepto de “sujeto de prevención” con el fin de explicar cómo un marco de subjetivación emerge como agente de disciplina moral, que se concibe mediante una gramática neoliberal de programas estatales, traducido al lenguaje ordinario por trabajadores de ONG e impulsado por el imperativo de prevenir.
Este artigo analisa o trabalho da prevenção dentro de um campo social específico: as famílias de presidiários. A partir desse lugar de experiência, examina como a prevenção ganha forma como tecnologia de governo que orienta práticas, pensamentos e formas de ser. Dentro desse movimento relacional, este artigo teoriza o conceito de “sujeito de prevenção” a fim de explicar como um referencial de subjetivação emerge como agente de disciplina moral, que se concebe por meio de uma gramática neoliberal de programas estatais, traduzido à linguagem comum por trabalhadores de organizações não governamentais e impulsionado pelo imperativo de prevenir.
This article examines the transition to prepaid electricity happening in Maputo, Mozambique, in order to reflect on the contemporary geographies of urban energy infrastructure and urbanization in ...sub‐Saharan Africa and other cities of the South. The article draws on fieldwork and archival research conducted in 2013 and 2014, arguing that prepayment constitutes a productive juncture in the urban experience of electricity infrastructure in Maputo's postcolonial moment, not merely a neutral technology or a disciplining technique of government (as argued by some scholarship). The article examines the multiple rationalities implicated in the use of the electricity infrastructure via prepayment and the organization of urban life it engenders (and of which it is also a product) by focusing on the everyday practices surrounding prepaid electricity of urban dwellers in neighbourhoods where the ‘modern infrastructural ideal' may never be fully realized. As a result, it contributes to an understanding of the experience of urban energy in cities where ‘slum urbanism', uncertainty and provisionality are dominant aspects of the urban condition.
I denne artikkelen undersøker jeg hvordan språkkartlegging av flerspråklige barn påvirker pedagogen og den pedagogiske praksisen. Empirien i artikkelen bygger på observasjoner av ...kartleggingssekvenser og intervju med pedagoger. I analysen tar jeg utgangspunkt i det som ofte går under betegnelsen den norske barnehagemodellen, og begreper fra diskursteori og kritisk diskursanalyse. Analysen av det empiriske materialet viser at pedagogenes holdninger er forankret i diskursen om den norske barnehagemodellen. Samtidig er de positive til kartlegging. Samspillet under kartleggingen er preget av lite dialog i flere av observasjonene, og pedagogene ser ut til å sette sitt faglige skjønn til side. Det er imidlertid stor forskjell på kartleggingsverktøyene. Det empiriske materialet viser også eksempler på en mindre rigid kartleggingspraksis der barnet og pedagogen får større handlingsrom.Nøkkelord: disiplinering, diskurs, flerspråklige barn, språkkartlegging
Abstract
With notable exceptions, central banking scholars typically pay little attention to collateral frameworks, and therein, to the haircuts applied to the collateral assets pledged to access ...central bank liquidity. One such exception, Kjell Nyborg (2017) argues that the collateral policies adopted by the European Central Bank (ECB) aggravated the sovereign debt crisis and put the survival of the euro at risk. Drawing on the money view, we argue that Nyborg’s critique of the ECB’s crisis response is misguided and that his proposal to deepen and reinforce the ECBs role in the fiscal disciplining of member states via its collateral framework would be procyclical and destabilizing. We identify core principles for collateral policies suitable to stabilise market-based financial systems: (i) countercyclical haircuts, (ii) suspension of collateral valuation practices; and should these not be sufficient to abate collateral market liquidity strains, (iii) outright purchases of collateral assets.
We investigate how market competition influences the way leaders discipline employees' ethical transgressions. A cross-sectional study among organizational leaders (Study 1) revealed that strong ...market competition is related to an instrumental decision frame (business practices are more focused on serving the organization's interest). This decision frame explains why strong market competition is related to leaders' perceptions of the evaluation of wrongdoing in terms of instrumental rather than moral concerns. Two experiments (Studies 2 and 3) show that increased market competition makes leaders' disciplining of ethical transgressions more contingent upon the transgression's instrumentality to the organization: the same ethical transgression is punished less when it resulted in profit than when it resulted in loss. This research is among the first to identify conditions that determine disciplinary responses of organization leaders to ethical transgressions, and it feeds the debate on whether market competition promotes the display of unethical behavior within organizations.