Educational scholarship has called attention to the disproportionate ways Black males are disciplined in schools, which has become the catalyst to their entry into the school-to-prison pipeline ...through which they are funneled from K-12 classrooms into the criminal justice system. Since the majority of teachers are White, it may be insightful to examine the role that they play in the process and how teachers also influence White children’s perceptions of Black boys. Drawing from Lortie’s (
1975/2002
) notion of the apprenticeship of observation in teaching, I contend that White children learn how to dehumanize Black male students, particularly as they observe how their White teachers disproportionately target them for minor and subjective school disciplinary infractions. Recommendations are provided for teacher education to prepare teachers to dismantle disproportionate and unfair ways that Black boys are disciplined.
Wie (Noch)Nichtwissen kommunizieren und verantworten? Wie Metawissen etablieren, um Wissensbestände zu reflektieren? Diese und andere Aspekte der Wissensintegration diskutierte die Deutsche ...Gesellschaft für Humanökologie. Deutlich wurde: Bei der Lösung von Nachhaltigkeitsproblemen
gilt es, sowohl zwischen Wissenstypen zu unterscheiden als auch deren Zusammenwirken zu berücksichtigen.
This article advocates the centrality of labour control to understand the constitutive role of labour and production within global production networks (GPNs). It draws from the global value chain/GPN ...literature, labour process theory and agrarian political economy to examine the architecture of labour control in the Senegalese–European horticultural GPN through an analysis of local labour control regimes that are constituted at different scales (global, national and local). It frames labour control through the interplay of labour exploitation and disciplining, identifying the different actors, institutions and dynamics shaping labour control and links places of production to broader spaces of labour control. The strong role of the Senegalese state indicates that labour control is closely connected to a broader ‘labour question’ that revolves around the productive/reproductive activities of households and gender subordination. The historical analysis shows the path-dependent, dialectical nature of labour control and labour resistance, and importantly, their dependency on broader production and reproduction relations.
We examine how short sellers affect financial analysts’ forecast behavior using a natural experiment that relaxes short‐sale constraints. We find that increased ease of short selling improves analyst ...earnings forecast quality by reducing forecast bias and increasing forecast accuracy. The improvements can be explained by both the disciplining pressure from short sellers and increased price efficiency from incorporating information in a timely manner. Although it is well documented that financial analysts can affect investors, our paper provides novel evidence on how sophisticated investors, short sellers, can affect analysts.
This article focuses on the process of creating group identity in two transport workers' guilds in mid fifteenth-century Riga, demonstrating the role of donations, discipline and commemoration in ...constituting both groups. The Beer Carters' and Porters' guilds experienced a 'new beginning' at this time: new resources had to be attracted, new traditions created and internal hierarchies established. Donations were an important element that helped these groups to establish their own spaces of piety - to create altars and chapels - and also to acquire resources for the celebration of communal meals. At both liturgical services and communal meals groups commemorated their deceased members, thus strengthening their identities. In the Hanseatic cities there was a bond between transport workers and merchants; in Riga as well, merchants became members of the two guilds, became involved in the processes of creating group identity, made endowments and helped the guilds gain status.
İslâm ilim geleneğinde kelâm, fıkıh ve tasavvuf doğrudan pratik hayatla ilgili üç ilim sayılır. Bu makalede, adı geçen üç ilimden fıkıh ve tasavvuf gaye açısından mukayese edilmektedir. Çalışma bir ...giriş ve iki ana bölüm olarak tasarlanmıştır. Giriş kısmında her ilme ait olan tanım, konu, fazilet, kaynaklar ve gaye gibi hususlardan bahsedilmekte, gaye ve fayda terimleri üzerinde durulmakta, sonra fıkıh ve tasavvufun gayeleri arasında karşılaştırma yapılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Birinci bölümde fıkıh ve tasavvufun genel gayeleri incelenmektedir. İkinci bölümde ise her iki ilmin amacı ilmi ve ameli olarak iki bakımdan araştırılmaktadır. Özel amaçlar ayrıca ferdî ve içtimaî nizamın tesis ve devamındaki katkıları bakımından ele alınmaktadır. Ferdî ve içtimaî gayeler fıkhın konularının genel tasnifine göre değerlendirilmektedir. Söz konusu tasnif ibadetler, muâmelât, nikâh (aile) ile ceza hukuku alanlarını kapsamaktadır. Amelî ilim olma konusunda ortaklığa sahip fıkıh ve tasavvufun, hedef ve gayeler bakımından ayrıştıkları ve birleştikleri noktalara dikkkat çekilmekte ve bu yönüyle dini yaşayış konusunda birbirlerini tamamladıklarına dair vurgu yapılmaktadır.
This article brings into dialogue the writings of Hélène Cixous and Bracha Ettinger. I contend that Cixous's writing unsettles the very questions that form the basis for Ettinger's key theoretical ...propositions, making for a productive dialogue between these two feminist thinkers. I identify key concepts and convergences that, when considered together, offer a novel methodology for thinking our way out of a conceptual impasse in which the 'feminine' exists either as a lack vis-à-vis the masculine or as unthinkable. What makes this meeting of works particularly generative is their ability to slide under the phallocentricity of Language to approach an ethics of the Other. A Cixousian reclamation of the feminine, coupled with Ettinger's theorisation of subjectivity, in which the feminine is not foreclosed, offers to feminist debate and criticism an Other axis of sexual difference accessible to all living subjects. Considered together, Cixous's and Ettinger's formulations offer radical potentialities for reading with: that is, not a process in which we read as I's positioned in opposition to an Other, but rather, one in which text and reader co-exist. Such a mode contests the violence that is done by phallic disciplinary structures and indifferent practices of reading.
O julgamento de crimes sob a alçada do bispo para todos os cristãos da Amazônia colonial, incluindo os indígenas, se fez com a implantação da primeira diocese na Amazônia colonial em 1677. A ...importância das dioceses e a preocupação com o disciplinamento de costumes aumentou a partir do Concílio Tridentino, deslocando-se da Europa para a América portuguesa e favorecendo a criação de bispados vigilantes aos preceitos tridentinos. A acusação de manter casa de prostituição, denominada de alcouce, no Livro de Registro de Denúncias do bispado do Maranhão, documentação raramente utilizada para estudar os indígenas, evidencia a ação das nativas na Capitania do Maranhão, possibilitando a desconstrução de estereótipos fortemente enraizados na historiografia.
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