This article advocates the centrality of labour control to understand the constitutive role of labour and production within global production networks (GPNs). It draws from the global value chain/GPN ...literature, labour process theory and agrarian political economy to examine the architecture of labour control in the Senegalese–European horticultural GPN through an analysis of local labour control regimes that are constituted at different scales (global, national and local). It frames labour control through the interplay of labour exploitation and disciplining, identifying the different actors, institutions and dynamics shaping labour control and links places of production to broader spaces of labour control. The strong role of the Senegalese state indicates that labour control is closely connected to a broader ‘labour question’ that revolves around the productive/reproductive activities of households and gender subordination. The historical analysis shows the path-dependent, dialectical nature of labour control and labour resistance, and importantly, their dependency on broader production and reproduction relations.
A pilot quasi‐experimental study was conducted in which participants in the intervention group (n = 31) received positive learning environment through Positive Disciplining (PLEPD) module, while ...those in the control group (n = 29) received routine training. Teachers' knowledge and attitude regarding corporal punishment (CP) and Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) were measured before (T0), immediately after (T1) and 3 months after the intervention (T2). Descriptive analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to describe participants' characteristics and mean scores for knowledge and attitude among teachers. A total of 60 teachers completed the 16 hours training module. The overall response rate was >90%. Most participants recommended increasing the overall duration of the programme by reducing 4 to 2 hours per day, thus, increasing the period from 4 to 8 days of training. There were no differences between control and intervention groups at baseline regarding participant characteristics (p= > .05). The difference in depression (F = .0863, p = .357) and knowledge and attitude (F = 1.589, p = .213) scores among groups were not statistically significant. However, the mean score for knowledge and attitude followed a positive trend, increasing depression mean scores at T1 and T2. A positive disciplining programme is a feasible school intervention for public schools and may effectively reduce depression to ensure overall well‐being.
Educational scholarship has called attention to the disproportionate ways Black males are disciplined in schools, which has become the catalyst to their entry into the school-to-prison pipeline ...through which they are funneled from K-12 classrooms into the criminal justice system. Since the majority of teachers are White, it may be insightful to examine the role that they play in the process and how teachers also influence White children’s perceptions of Black boys. Drawing from Lortie’s (
1975/2002
) notion of the apprenticeship of observation in teaching, I contend that White children learn how to dehumanize Black male students, particularly as they observe how their White teachers disproportionately target them for minor and subjective school disciplinary infractions. Recommendations are provided for teacher education to prepare teachers to dismantle disproportionate and unfair ways that Black boys are disciplined.
Wie (Noch)Nichtwissen kommunizieren und verantworten? Wie Metawissen etablieren, um Wissensbestände zu reflektieren? Diese und andere Aspekte der Wissensintegration diskutierte die Deutsche ...Gesellschaft für Humanökologie. Deutlich wurde: Bei der Lösung von Nachhaltigkeitsproblemen
gilt es, sowohl zwischen Wissenstypen zu unterscheiden als auch deren Zusammenwirken zu berücksichtigen.
We examine how short sellers affect financial analysts’ forecast behavior using a natural experiment that relaxes short‐sale constraints. We find that increased ease of short selling improves analyst ...earnings forecast quality by reducing forecast bias and increasing forecast accuracy. The improvements can be explained by both the disciplining pressure from short sellers and increased price efficiency from incorporating information in a timely manner. Although it is well documented that financial analysts can affect investors, our paper provides novel evidence on how sophisticated investors, short sellers, can affect analysts.
This article focuses on the process of creating group identity in two transport workers' guilds in mid fifteenth-century Riga, demonstrating the role of donations, discipline and commemoration in ...constituting both groups. The Beer Carters' and Porters' guilds experienced a 'new beginning' at this time: new resources had to be attracted, new traditions created and internal hierarchies established. Donations were an important element that helped these groups to establish their own spaces of piety - to create altars and chapels - and also to acquire resources for the celebration of communal meals. At both liturgical services and communal meals groups commemorated their deceased members, thus strengthening their identities. In the Hanseatic cities there was a bond between transport workers and merchants; in Riga as well, merchants became members of the two guilds, became involved in the processes of creating group identity, made endowments and helped the guilds gain status.
Here I explore the possibility that capitalism is today undergoing the systemic equivalent to Marx's notion of primitive accumulation, only now as a deepening of advanced capitalism predicated on the ...destruction of more traditional forms of capitalism. I focus on two diverse instances which share a common systemic logic: expulsing people from more traditional capitalist encasements. One instance is that of countries devastated by an imposed debt and debt-servicing regime which took priority over all other state expenditures; at its most extreme, the ensuing devastation of traditional economies and traditional states has made the land more valuable to the global market than the people on it. The other instance, which I see as a systemic equivalent to the first, is the potential for global replication of the financial innovation that destroyed 15 million plus households in the US in two years, with many more to come; household destruction at this scale devastates whole areas of cities, and leaves vacant land. How this rapidly growing expanse of vacant land will be reincorporated into global capital circuits is not yet clear. I examine these two cases through a specific lens: the transformative processes that expand the base of current advanced capitalism, with particular attention to the assemblages of specific processes, institutions, and logics that enabled this systemic transformation.
En este artículo exploro la posibilidad de que el capitalismo está pasando actualmente por el equivalente sistémico a la noción de Marx sobre la acumulación primitiva, sólo que ahora como un aumento al capitalismo avanzado predicado en la destrucción de más formas tradicionales de capitalismo. Me enfoco en dos casos diversos que comparten una lógica sistémica común: la expulsión de personas de un encajonamiento capitalista más tradicionalista. Una muestra es la de los países devastados por una deuda impuesta y un régimen de servicio de deuda que tomó prioridad sobre todos los demás gastos del estado; y en su máximo extremo, la consecuente devastación de las economías y de los estados tradicionales hizo que la tierra tuviera mayor valor en el mercado global, que la gente que vive en la misma. Otro problema, que yo veo como un equivalente sistémico al primero, es el potencial de una réplica de la innovación financiera que destruyó a más de 15 millones de hogares en E.E.U.U. en dos años y que seguirá afectando en el futuro; la destrucción de hogares a esta escala devasta áreas completas de ciudades y deja terrenos sin construir. No está claro qué tanto tomará la reincorporación de esta rápida expansión de terrenos sin construir, a los circuitos capitales globales. Examino estos dos casos a través de una lente específica: los procesos transformadores que expanden la base del capitalismo avanzado actual, con una atención particular al ensamble específico de procesos, instituciones y lógica que habilita esta transformación sistémica.
This article brings into dialogue the writings of Hélène Cixous and Bracha Ettinger. I contend that Cixous's writing unsettles the very questions that form the basis for Ettinger's key theoretical ...propositions, making for a productive dialogue between these two feminist thinkers. I identify key concepts and convergences that, when considered together, offer a novel methodology for thinking our way out of a conceptual impasse in which the 'feminine' exists either as a lack vis-à-vis the masculine or as unthinkable. What makes this meeting of works particularly generative is their ability to slide under the phallocentricity of Language to approach an ethics of the Other. A Cixousian reclamation of the feminine, coupled with Ettinger's theorisation of subjectivity, in which the feminine is not foreclosed, offers to feminist debate and criticism an Other axis of sexual difference accessible to all living subjects. Considered together, Cixous's and Ettinger's formulations offer radical potentialities for reading with: that is, not a process in which we read as I's positioned in opposition to an Other, but rather, one in which text and reader co-exist. Such a mode contests the violence that is done by phallic disciplinary structures and indifferent practices of reading.
O julgamento de crimes sob a alçada do bispo para todos os cristãos da Amazônia colonial, incluindo os indígenas, se fez com a implantação da primeira diocese na Amazônia colonial em 1677. A ...importância das dioceses e a preocupação com o disciplinamento de costumes aumentou a partir do Concílio Tridentino, deslocando-se da Europa para a América portuguesa e favorecendo a criação de bispados vigilantes aos preceitos tridentinos. A acusação de manter casa de prostituição, denominada de alcouce, no Livro de Registro de Denúncias do bispado do Maranhão, documentação raramente utilizada para estudar os indígenas, evidencia a ação das nativas na Capitania do Maranhão, possibilitando a desconstrução de estereótipos fortemente enraizados na historiografia.
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