This study aimed to explore how preschoolers perceive engineers and engineering by using their drawings. For this aim, phenomenography was used as a research approach. The data were collected using ...the draw-and-tell technique and through the drawing and explanation related parts of the Draw an Engineer Test. Totally, 436 preschool children from 16 different cities in Turkey were asked to draw an engineer and narrate their drawings. The data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Findings indicated that some children did not reveal an understanding of engineer or engineering via their drawings (n = 50). A limited number of children (n = 17) had a perception of engineer parallel to the definition of the engineer in the literature. Most children (n = 199) tended to perceive engineering as a male-specific and physical work and represented engineers while working outdoors (n = 147); building structures or constructing machinery (n = 156). This research implies that preschoolers should have a higher amount of opportunity to explore engineering in everyday life with the empowerment of teachers, parents, and community members.
Durante la realización de este trabajo se aunaron las fuerzas de dos empresas, una siderúrgica que es la proveedora del alambrón y la segunda es la que fabrica la soldadura en rollos continuos AWS ...70S-6, fabricado básicamente en dos etapas trefilación en seco, que consta de 9 hileras aplicando reducciones desde los 6 mm hasta los 1.73 mm y en húmedo (10 hileras) desde los 1.73 mm hasta 0.8 mm, sin tratamiento térmico intermedio. La motivación es de poder utilizar la capacidad instalada de la planta que es de 1000 Ton/mes, previo a este trabajo la productividad es cercana a 600ton/mes. Esta baja en la productividad se atribuye principalmente a los cortes que ocurren durante el proceso de trefilado en húmedo que entorpecen la continuidad de la operación. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo, la disminución de cortes en la etapa de trefilación en húmedo, mediante la modificación de la distribución de las tasas de reducción en trefilado en seco, minimizando los esfuerzos de trefilación y obteniendo un alambre trefilado en seco con menor límite de fluencia, esto debe repercutir en una disminución en los cortes por trefilación en el trefilado en húmedo y en consecuencia aumentar la productividad de la planta. Tras la propuesta de modificación en la distribución, se realizó una prueba industrial en la que se observó una disminución en los cortes por trefilación en húmedo y un aumento de la productividad de la planta, sumado a una disminución del consumo de hileras.
Spanish cartoonist Enrique Flores was an actor and witness of the 15M 2011 in Madrid. He produces and broadcasts a graphic report that strikes by its quality and relevance. This alternative ...representation of a political movement marked by the notion of civil disobedience questions. These drawings show a state of mind, a militant disposition, a research that reflects a way of rethinking politics at the beginning of the 21st century. Enrique Flores makes his blog an alternative media and the freedom of drawing joins the political freedom of the demonstrators. This alternative representation reflects a moment and is associated with a movement. His drawings show the movement, the people, the slogans and constitute a demonstration always visible on his blog 4 Ojos in 2023.
This research upholds the designer's mediatory role in the representation of places and hand drawing as a privileged tool. Given the current technological capacity for an automatic representation of ...the territory and landscape, one can question if the hand that draws the map is now anachronistic. The hypothesis of hybridism between the landscape observational drawing and the cartographic code is proposed, supported by the historical analysis of maps from the sixteenth century. The resultant anachronistic techniques are systematized as a design strategy, available for use by other authors, elsewhere. The techniques were tested by drawing landscapes and producing maps of places. It is concluded that the transference of anachronistic techniques is relevant in contemporary maps intended for touristic, cultural and commercial contexts, when wayfinding skills are not essential. As an open source, other authors may use the same strategy, applying different anachronistic techniques, based on their own subjectivity.
Carlo Scarpa, considerat un dels mestres de l’arquitectura moderna de la segona meitat del segle XX, conjuga arquitectura i disseny mitjançant una metodologia projectual que prioritza la reflexió ...gràfica davant la inspiració immediata. El seu procés creatiu escrupolós es reflecteix en la documentació gràfica de l’arquitecte que, progressivament, s’ha anat concentrant a l’arxiu d’arquitectura del MAXXI de Roma. Els aproximadament trenta mil documents de l’arxiu permeten entendre i seqüenciar el procés projectual, que utilitzava el dibuix com a eina central creativa i de reflexió. Aquest article pretén aprofundir en el procés de pensament creatiu, analitzant les tècniques i els procediments gràfics que l’arquitecte venecià va utilitzar a l’hora d’abordar el disseny dels seus projectes, així com la seva evolució durant els anys de professió. La investigació va requerir l’estudi comparatiu dels documents gràfics i va revelar exemples inèdits que il·lustren l’essència del plantejat. Per ordenar idees i seqüència evolutiva del seu mètode, es va recórrer a l’anàlisi d’escrits rellevants, entrevistes i transcripcions de les classes, ordenant cronològicament els documents gràfics per poder evidenciar els canvis suscitats al llarg del temps. D’aquesta anàlisi es conclou que Scarpa presenta una sensibilitat creativa única, guiada per una recerca de la perfecció que el portarà a un nivell de depuració i sofisticació del mètode projectual en què destaca la capacitat per fer servir el dibuix com a instrument de pensament, disseny i comunicació.
Carlo Scarpa, considered one of the masters of modern architecture of the second half of the 20th century, combines architecture and design through a project methodology that prioritizes graphic reflection over immediate inspiration. His scrupulous creative process is reflected in the architect's graphic documentation, which has progressively been concentrated in the MAXXI architecture archive in Rome. The approximately thirty thousand documents in the archive allow us to understand and sequence his project process, which used drawing as a central tool for reflection. This article aims to delve into the creative thought process, analyzing the graphic techniques and procedures that the Venetian architect used when approaching the design of his projects, as well as his evolution during his years of profession, perfecting his project methodology. The investigation required the comparative study of the graphic documents, revealing unpublished examples that illustrate the essence of what is defended. For the ordering of ideas and the evolutionary sequence of his method, we used the analysis of relevant writings, interviews, and transcripts of his lectures, ordering the graphic documents chronologically in order to demonstrate the changes that have occurred over time. From this analysis it is concluded that Scarpa presents a unique creative sensibility, a search for perfection, a level of purification and sophistication of the project method in which his ability to use drawing as an instrument of thought, design and communication stands out.
Carlo Scarpa, considerado como uno de los maestros de la arquitectura moderna de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, conjuga arquitectura y diseño mediante una metodología proyectual que prioriza la reflexión gráfica frente a la inspiración inmediata. Su escrupuloso proceso creativo se refleja en la documentación gráfica del arquitecto que progresivamente ha ido concentrándose en el archivo de arquitectura del MAXXI de Roma. Los aproximadamente treinta mil documentos del archivo permiten entender y secuenciar su proceso proyectual, que utilizaba el dibujo como herramienta central creativa y de reflexión. Este artículo pretende profundizar en el proceso de pensamiento creativo, analizando las técnicas y procedimientos gráficos que el arquitecto veneciano utilizó a la hora de abordar el diseño de sus proyectos, así como su evolución durante sus años de profesión. La investigación requirió del estudio comparativo de los documentos gráficos, revelando ejemplos inéditos que ilustran la esencia de lo planteado. Para la ordenación de ideas y de la secuencia evolutiva de su método, se recurrió al análisis de escritos relevantes, entrevistas y transcripciones de sus clases, ordenando cronológicamente los documentos gráficos para poder evidenciar los cambios suscitados a lo largo del tiempo. De este análisis se concluye que Scarpa presenta una sensibilidad creativa única, guiada por una búsqueda de la perfección que lo llevará a un nivel de depuración y sofisticación del método proyectual en el que destaca su capacidad para usar el dibujo como instrumento de pensamiento, diseño y comunicación.
•A managerial approach to adaptation belies its nature as a socio-political process.•Adaptation can constitute as well as contest, authority, subjectivity and knowledges.•These struggles can open up ...or close down space for transformational adaptation•Subjectivities inherent to problem understandings need to be questioned.•Focus is needed on multiple adaptation knowledges and emancipatory subjectivities
This paper is motivated by a concern that adaptation and vulnerability research suffer from an under-theorization of the political mechanisms of social change and the processes that serve to reproduce vulnerability over time and space. We argue that adaptation is a socio-political process that mediates how individuals and collectives deal with multiple and concurrent environmental and social changes. We propose that applying concepts of subjectivity, knowledges and authority to the analysis of adaptation focuses attention on this socio-political process. Drawing from vulnerability, adaptation, political ecology and social theory literatures, we explain how power is reproduced or contested in adaptation practice through these three concepts. We assert that climate change adaptation processes have the potential to constitute as well as contest authority, subjectivity and knowledge, thereby opening up or closing down space for transformational adaptation. We expand on this assertion through four key propositions about how adaptation processes can be understood and outline an emergent empirical research agenda, which aims to explicitly examine these propositions in specific social and environmental contexts. We describe how the articles in this special issue are contributing to this nascent research agenda, providing an empirical basis from which to theorize the politics of adaptation. The final section concludes by describing the need for a reframing of adaptation policy, practice and analysis to engage with multiple adaptation knowledges, to question subjectivities inherent in discourses and problem understandings, and to identify how emancipatory subjectivities – and thus the potential for transformational adaptation – can be supported.
An enchanting selection of Madame d’Aulnoy’s seventeenth-century French fairy tales, interpreted by contemporary visual artist Natalie Frank
Marie-Catherine Le Jumel de Barneville (1650–1705), also ...known as Madame d’Aulnoy, was a pioneer of the French literary fairy tale. Though d’Aulnoy’s work now rarely appears outside of anthologies, her books were notably popular during her lifetime, and she was in fact the author who coined the term “fairy tales” ( contes des fées ). Presenting eight of d’Aulnoy’s magical stories, The Island of Happiness juxtaposes poetic English translations with a wealth of original, contemporary drawings by Natalie Frank, one of today’s most outstanding visual artists. In this beautiful volume, classic narratives are interpreted and made anew through Frank’s feminist and surreal images.
This feast of words and visuals presents worlds where women exercise their independence and push against rigid social rules. Fidelity and sincerity are valued over jealousy and greed, though not everything ends seamlessly. Selected tales include “Belle-Belle,” where an incompetent king has his kingdom restored to him through an androgynous heroine’s constancy. In “The Green Serpent,” a heroine falls in love with the eponymous snake, is punished by a wicked fairy, and endures trials to prove her worthiness. And in “The White Cat,” a young prince is dazzled by the astonishing powers of a feline. Jack Zipes’s informative introduction offers historical context, and Natalie Frank’s opening essay delves into her aesthetic approaches to d’Aulnoy’s characters.
An inspired integration of art and text, The Island of Happiness is filled with seductive stories of transformation and enchantment.
Hydro mechanical deep drawing (HMDD) is an emerging technology that reduces the number of sheet-forming stages and increases the production of advanced lightweight materials with intricate shapes. ...This study aims to verify the springback in HMDD and the effect of holding time and fluid pressure on this phenomenon (springback). The springback was measured using a new method by matching the projector p-300 axes with the cylindrical cup wall. The difference between the wall and the axis represents the springback value. Using a blank of low carbon steel (1008-AISI) with 80 mm of diameter and a thickness of 0.7 mm. The effect of holding time (1, 2, and 3 minutes) and the fluid pressure (0.6, 0.8, and 1 N/mm2) was studied. The used hydraulic oil was (code number 3803). The springback value of a cylindrical cup was calculated using the profile projector P-300. The result showed that the springback phenomenon was presented in the hydromechanical deep-drawing process but at a lower rate than the traditional deep-drawing process. The holding time and fluid pressure significantly affected the springback value. The springback decreased with increasing the fluid pressure and holding time.
Summary
Although drawing is frequently used during investigative interviews, few studies have explored the effectiveness of draw‐and‐talk techniques with very young children. In this article, we ...examined the effects of drawing on preschoolers' (3–6 years old) reports of self‐experienced and non‐experienced events. In Study I, we interviewed 83 preschoolers about a staged event. We did not observe any significant statement differences between children asked to draw‐and‐talk compared to a verbal‐only condition. In Study II, we interviewed 25 preschoolers about a nonexperienced event. Twenty‐one children initially denied the event. When asked if they could help the interviewer draw a person from the event, 13 (61.9%) children complied with the request and eventually provided several false details. While drawing did not significantly increase the average number of details, exploratory findings indicated that drawing may have helped a subset of children. However, drawing might impair children's accuracy when suggestively interviewed about nonexperienced events.
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