How straylight affects driving ability Hershko, Sarah
Acta ophthalmologica (Oxford, England),
December 2022, 2022-12-00, 20221201, Letnik:
100, Številka:
S275
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We investigated how an increase in straylight affects the driving capacity of young, healthy volunteers between the ages of 20 and 40 years (i.e., people without cataract) in various real‐life ...driving circumstances using a driving simulator. This simulator allowed us to assess driving behaviour in a controlled, repeatable environment without risk to life or property, while providing a large set of parameters (speed, brake performance, deceleration, collisions, standard deviation of the lateral lane position, (SDLP), headway distance, etc.). The simulator used a fixed‐base setup with a force‐feedback steering wheel, an instrumented dashboard, brake, and accelerator pedals and with a 135° field of view. Participants had to drive along a certain course with of 6 traffic situations (e.g., crossing pedestrian, obstacle on the way, etc…) while wearing their own spectacle correction, both in the presence of a glare source and without. Next this was repeated while wearing a Tiffen Black Pro Mist (BPM) filter in front of their eyes and a glare source. These filters approximate the optical characteristics of cataract fairly well, where BPM 1 mimics simulates early cataract (which often prompts people to stop driving at night) and BPM 2 simulates serious straylight hindrance. Straylight was measured with the van den Berg straylight meter (C‐Quant).
The results showed that increased straylight significant alters driving behaviour, such as a decrease in mean, maximum and minimum speed. The detection time and reaction time to an obstacle on the road was significantly longer with increased straylight. Consequently, straylight is an important factor in traffic safety driving conditions, causing altered driving behaviour and increasing collision risk in certain traffic situations.
When people think of digital health, they generally think of health and wellness mobile apps, or wearable sensor devices like Fit Bit or the Apple Watch. But digital technologies are much more than ...that. Today’s advanced digital health has evolved into software platforms that can connect and support patients, their families and connect them to their health systems, enabling outcomes research and management with direct input from networks of patients that can connect across geographical divides. And these systems enable communication between medical systems, enabling hubs and spokes of networked researchers and their patients that promote data capture, information sharing and enhanced communications to patients- by meeting them where they are. These new models are driving the ability to study interventions in real world contexts including patients’ between visit activities and their engagement with multiple layers of the healthcare teams thereby promoting integrated research and care. With all of these capabilities, the question remains, “will the medical research community be ready to embrace it?”Disclosure of InterestNone declared
Driving intelligence tests are critical to the development and deployment of autonomous vehicles. The prevailing approach tests autonomous vehicles in life-like simulations of the naturalistic ...driving environment. However, due to the high dimensionality of the environment and the rareness of safety-critical events, hundreds of millions of miles would be required to demonstrate the safety performance of autonomous vehicles, which is severely inefficient. We discover that sparse but adversarial adjustments to the naturalistic driving environment, resulting in the naturalistic and adversarial driving environment, can significantly reduce the required test miles without loss of evaluation unbiasedness. By training the background vehicles to learn when to execute what adversarial maneuver, the proposed environment becomes an intelligent environment for driving intelligence testing. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed environment in a highway-driving simulation. Comparing with the naturalistic driving environment, the proposed environment can accelerate the evaluation process by multiple orders of magnitude.
The realization of carbon neutral goal is inseparable from the development of new energy industry, and scientific and effective policy support can accelerate the progress of the goal. In this paper, ...the policy driven ability of China's photovoltaic industry in the background of carbon neutral is evaluated. Firstly, the evaluation system is established by the improved diamond model. Then, the policy evaluation standard is formulated according to the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy sets (IT2FS). Finally, the weight of each index is determined by using the fuzzy OWA operator weighting method (F-OWA). Then, the policy driving ability of China's photovoltaic industry is evaluated by fuzzy matter-element extension method (F-MEEM), and the effectiveness of the evaluation results is further verified by weight sensitivity analysis. According to the evaluation results, policy support plays an important role in the development of photovoltaic industry. This paper also gives policy suggestions for the development of China's photovoltaic industry under the background of carbon neutral from the macro, meso and micro perspectives.
•China's PV industry evaluation system is established by the improved diamond model.•IT2FS and F-OWA are used to process indicators.•The policy driving ability of China's PV industry is evaluated by F-MEEM.•The effectiveness of the evaluation results is further verified by weight sensitivity analysis.•The results are analyzed in detail, and corresponding suggestions are put forward.
Strong and precisely controlled interactions between quantum objects are essential for quantum information processing1,2, simulation3 and sensing4,5, and for the formation of exotic quantum matter6. ...A well-established paradigm for coupling otherwise weakly interacting quantum objects is to use auxiliary bosonic quantum excitations to mediate the interactions. Important examples include photon-mediated interactions between atoms7, superconducting qubits8, and colour centres in diamond9, and phonon-mediated interactions between trapped ions10–12 and between optical and microwave photons13. Boson-mediated interactions can, in principle, be amplified through parametric driving of the boson channel; the drive need not couple directly to the interacting quantum objects. This technique has been proposed for a variety of quantum platforms14–24, but has not, so far, been realized in the laboratory. Here we experimentally demonstrate the amplification of a boson-mediated interaction between two trapped-ion qubits by parametric modulation of the trapping potential21. The amplification provides up to a 3.25-fold increase in the interaction strength, validated by measuring the speed-up of two-qubit entangling gates. This amplification technique can be used in any quantum platform where parametric modulation of the boson channel is possible, enabling exploration of new parameter regimes and enhanced quantum information processing.Many applications of quantum systems require them to be joined by strong, controllable interactions. Exploiting the physics of quantum squeezing can amplify the strength of boson-mediated interactions, yielding higher performance.
The realization of integrated, low-cost and efficient solutions for high-speed, on-chip communication requires terahertz-frequency waveguides and has great potential for information and communication ...technologies, including sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication, terahertz integrated circuits, and interconnects for intrachip and interchip communication. However, conventional approaches to terahertz waveguiding suffer from sensitivity to defects and sharp bends. Here, building on the topological phase of light, we experimentally demonstrate robust terahertz topological valley transport through several sharp bends on the all-silicon chip. The valley kink states are excellent information carriers owing to their robustness, single-mode propagation and linear dispersion. By leveraging such states, we demonstrate error-free communication through a highly twisted domain wall at an unprecedented data transfer rate (exceeding ten gigabits per second) that enables real-time transmission of uncompressed 4K high-definition video (that is, with a horizontal display resolution of approximately 4,000 pixels). Terahertz communication with topological devices opens a route towards terabit-per-second datalinks that could enable artificial intelligence and cloud-based technologies, including autonomous driving, healthcare, precision manufacturing and holographic communication.Robust terahertz wave transport is demonstrated on a silicon chip using the valley Hall topological phase. Error-free communication is achieved at a data rate of 11 Gbit s−1, enabling real-time transmission of uncompressed 4K high-definition video.
With the proliferation of ultrahigh-speed mobile networks and internet-connected devices, along with the rise of artificial intelligence (AI)
, the world is generating exponentially increasing ...amounts of data that need to be processed in a fast and efficient way. Highly parallelized, fast and scalable hardware is therefore becoming progressively more important
. Here we demonstrate a computationally specific integrated photonic hardware accelerator (tensor core) that is capable of operating at speeds of trillions of multiply-accumulate operations per second (10
MAC operations per second or tera-MACs per second). The tensor core can be considered as the optical analogue of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). It achieves parallelized photonic in-memory computing using phase-change-material memory arrays and photonic chip-based optical frequency combs (soliton microcombs
). The computation is reduced to measuring the optical transmission of reconfigurable and non-resonant passive components and can operate at a bandwidth exceeding 14 gigahertz, limited only by the speed of the modulators and photodetectors. Given recent advances in hybrid integration of soliton microcombs at microwave line rates
, ultralow-loss silicon nitride waveguides
, and high-speed on-chip detectors and modulators, our approach provides a path towards full complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) wafer-scale integration of the photonic tensor core. Although we focus on convolutional processing, more generally our results indicate the potential of integrated photonics for parallel, fast, and efficient computational hardware in data-heavy AI applications such as autonomous driving, live video processing, and next-generation cloud computing services.
Exceptional points (EPs) are ubiquitous in non-Hermitian systems, and represent the complex counterpart of critical points. By driving a system through a critical point at finite rate induces ...defects, described by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism, which finds applications in diverse fields of physics. Here we generalize this to a ramp across an EP. We find that adiabatic time evolution brings the system into an eigenstate of the final non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and demonstrate that for a variety of drives through an EP, the defect density scales as τ
in terms of the usual critical exponents and 1/τ the speed of the drive. Defect production is suppressed compared to the conventional Hermitian case as the defect state can decay back to the ground state close to the EP. We provide a physical picture for the studied dynamics through a mapping onto a Lindblad master equation with an additionally imposed continuous measurement.
Designing better electrolytes Meng, Y Shirley; Srinivasan, Venkat; Xu, Kang
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
12/2022, Letnik:
378, Številka:
6624
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Electrolytes and the associated interphases constitute the critical components to support the emerging battery chemistries that promise tantalizing energy but involve drastic phase and structure ...complications. Designing better electrolytes and interphases holds the key to the success of these batteries. As the only component that interfaces with every other component in the device, an electrolyte must satisfy multiple criteria simultaneously. These include transporting ions while insulating electrons between the electrodes and maintaining stability against electrodes of extreme chemical natures: the strongly oxidative cathode and the strongly reductive anode. In most advanced batteries, the two electrodes operate at potentials far beyond the thermodynamic stability limits of electrolytes, so the stability therein has to be realized kinetically through an interphase formed from the sacrificial reactions between electrolyte and electrodes.
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