El presente trabajo trata de exponer de forma general y desde la perspectiva de la función pública eclesiástica algunos de los principales parámetros que sirven para la selección de las personas y ...para la provisión de los cargos dirigentes en cuatro ámbitos que poseen particular relevancia en Derecho canónico: la organización jerárquica (que selecciona el "personal interno" para encuadrarlo en los tres grados del "ordo"), las estructuras asociativas (de vida consagrada o de fieles), las entidades académicas y las fundaciones y servicios de caridad.
Christianity and European-style monarchy-the cross and the scepter-were introduced to Scandinavia in the tenth century, a development that was to have profound implications for all of Europe.Cross ...and Scepteris a concise history of the Scandinavian kingdoms from the age of the Vikings to the Reformation, written by Scandinavia's leading medieval historian. Sverre Bagge shows how the rise of the three kingdoms not only changed the face of Scandinavia, but also helped make the territorial state the standard political unit in Western Europe. He describes Scandinavia's momentous conversion to Christianity and the creation of church and monarchy there, and traces how these events transformed Scandinavian law and justice, military and administrative organization, social structure, political culture, and the division of power among the king, aristocracy, and common people. Bagge sheds important new light on the reception of Christianity and European learning in Scandinavia, and on Scandinavian history writing, philosophy, political thought, and courtly culture. He looks at the reception of European impulses and their adaptation to Scandinavian conditions, and examines the relationship of the three kingdoms to each other and the rest of Europe, paying special attention to the inter-Scandinavian unions and their consequences for the concept of government and the division of power.
Cross and Scepterprovides an essential introduction to Scandinavian medieval history for scholars and general readers alike, offering vital new insights into state formation and cultural change in Europe.
Autor raspravlja utjecaj političkih odnosa na definiranje crkvenih jurisdikcijskih područja i u tome sklopu status i razvoj zadarske biskupije u razdoblju od 9. do sredine 12. stoljeća. Za polaznu ...poziciju rasprave autor uzima činjenicu da je kroz cijelo ranosrednjovjekovno razdoblje teritorij zadarske biskupije u kopnenom dijelu ostao ograničen na uski pojas gradskoga zaleđa. Takvo se stanje izvodi iz razvoja političkih i crkvenih prilika na širem istočnojadranskom prostoru u 9. i na početku 10. stoljeća. Ističe se, s jedne strane, da je širenje jurisdikcijskoga područja zadarskog biskupa prvotno bilo zapriječeno organizacijom ninske biskupije. S druge se strane upozorava i na stanje u vrijeme obnove crkvene organizacije na splitskim sinodima 925. i 928. godine. U takvu se sklopu razmatraju okolnosti koje su dovele do toga da je Zadar još od mira sklopljena u Aachenu 812. godine zadržao autonomnu poziciju u odnosu na vlast hrvatskoga vladara. Kao rezultat takvoga razvoja prilika uobličuje se zasebno političko područje, u suvremenim vrelima poznato kao provincia Jadertina, čije se granice poklapaju s crkvenom jurisdikcijom zadarskoga biskupa. Autor upozorava na drugačiju sudbinu Splita, kojega su do kraja 9. stoljeća hrvatski vladari već u potpunosti stavili pod svoj nadzor, što će se pokazati čimbenikom od ključne važnosti pri definiranju metropolijskoga sjedišta crkvene organizacije Hrvatskoga kraljevstva. Uklapanje grada u sustav vlasti i uprave hrvatskoga kralja omogućit će splitskome nadbiskupu širenje jurisdikcijskoga područja u duboko zaleđe. Ista pozicija Trogira dovela je do toga da je u trenutku stvaranja trogirske biskupije jurisdikcijsko područje novoga biskupa također obuhvatilo razmjerno široko područje u zaleđu grada. U zaključnim se razmatranjima obrazlaže zašto političke mijene druge polovice 11. stoljeća nisu više mogle utjecati na promjenu davno uspostavljenoga stanja.
This chapter examines the ecclesiastical organization of Central Greece at the time when Michael Choniates was Metropolitan of Athens (1182–1205). Using new evidence from the Codex Atheniensis 1371, ...it considers the state of the Byzantine church in Central Greece during the period. The Codex Atheniensis is a manuscript that contains a Notitia episcopatuum (list of metropolitans and bishops subject to the patriarchate of Constantinople). To establish the ecclesiastical sees in Central Greece at the end of the twelfth century, it is necessary to distinguish between several Notitiae. The evidence suggests that at least ten new bishoprics had been created in Central Greece since the time of the Emperor John Tzimiskes. The chapter argues that these new bishoprics were created to meet an immediate need—an expanding Orthodox population. An expanding population, combined with a developing economy, indicates that Central Greece was possibly experiencing prosperity.
David Kalhous.
The study summarizes the development of ecclesiastical organizations in the Czech lands before 1200, taking into account the wider European context. The author first draws attention to ...the difficulties associated with the number and character of the preserved sources. Then he problematizes the traditional notion of ecclesiastical dignitaries as mere servants of the duke, confronting the question of tithes and examining evidence of the activity of the archdeacons and archpriests. In conclusion, he focuses on the question of building the parish organization and subscribes to the notion that this was not a centrally controlled activity, but rather a local initiative, although supported by the bishop.
THE EMERGENCE of churchyards is one of the most significant transformations of the landscape during the conversion to Christianity. This article examines changes in burial and commemorative practices ...during the 11th century, based on early Christian grave monuments. These are the first examples of churchyard memorials in central Sweden, yet at the same time they also form an integral part of the late Viking-Age runestone tradition. This article presents an analysis of their temporal, regional and contextual backgrounds, tracing developments in the early ecclesiastical landscape. It is concluded that different regional designs of rune-carved funerary monuments are related to substantial differences in the Christianisation process, reflecting variation in early ecclesiastical organisation and providing insight into how the conversion process was related to social and political structures.
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into cross-cultural conflicts and their management in ecclesiastical organizations in Tanzania. It aims at increasing the understanding of ...these complexities from an emic perspective of employees with a Christian background, thereby providing in-depth information on the topic. These new insights provide fresh ideas for further research on this topic in the Tanzanian context.Design methodology approach - Qualitative data were selected from a more comprehensive case study carried out in multiple governmental, educational, ecclesiastical and economic organizations in Tanzania. The case study was based on phenomenological and interpretative paradigms and hermeneutical interpretations using qualitative methodology including in-depth interviews and observation during field stays, as well as documentary and secondary analysis.Findings - The findings show that senior management staff of ecclesiastical organizations function as mediators for conflicting parties to regain harmony and peace through third-party intervention and spiritual self-development. Mediation in ecclesiastical organizations is mainly used in relationship conflicts, employment conflicts and church re-structuring processes. It supports the resolution of value conflicts between the conflict parties and the environment and at the same time re-constructs religious and Christian values and concepts, such as the concept of "Shalom" and "creating lobe" and thereby re-enforces spiritual integrity and the reality of the church.Research limitations implications - The findings are not generalizable and are limited to this specific research context. Findings should be verified by follow-up studies which expand the content, the context and the methodological approach of this study. These findings should be viewed as exploratory research findings and as highly contextual and sample-bound.Practical implications - The paper describes the practical implications for further research relating to future research topics for researchers interested in the field of cross-cultural conflict management in ecclesiastical organizations in Tanzania.Originality value - The authors present original data and provide new insights into managing conflicts in Tanzanian ecclesiastical organizations through mediation.
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