Driven by the increasing level of environmental degradation in developing countries, especially Nigeria, and the conflicting empirical results, this study investigates the impact of economic growth, ...natural resources, urbanization, human capital, financial development, foreign direct investment, and trade openness on the ecological footprint (EFP) in Nigeria between 1970 and 2017. The study accounts for structural breaks in the data using the Zivot–Andrews unit root method along with other conventional unit root tests. Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) and Granger causality estimation techniques are used to determine the short- and long-run effect as well as the causal direction between the variables. The outcomes of the study suggest that economic growth, foreign direct investment, and trade openness contribute positively to EFP, hence worsening environmental quality. However, urbanization, financial development, natural resources, and human capital abate the EFP in Nigeria. The findings from the granger causality test reveal a unidirectional causality from economic growth, foreign direct investment, and trade openness to EFP; while bidirectional causality exists between natural resources and EFP; and urbanization and EFP. The results are robust to different estimation techniques. Lastly, measures to ensure environmental sustainability in the context of Nigeria are suggested.
Gender differences in concern about climate change are highly correlated with economic development: when countries are wealthier, a gap emerges whereby women are more likely than men to express ...concern about our changing climate. These differences stem from cross-national variation in men’s attitudes. Men, more than women, tend to be less concerned about climate change when countries are wealthier. This article develops a new theory about the perceived costs and benefits of climate mitigation policy to explain this pattern. At the country level, the perceived benefits of mitigation tend to decrease with economic development, whereas the perceived costs increase. At the individual level, the perceived costs of mitigation tend to increase with economic development for men more than for women. Evidence from existing surveys from every world region, an original 10-country survey in the Americas and Europe, and focus groups in Peru and the United States support the theory.
•Rural households in Ghana have shifted from agriculture to the rural nonfarm economy.•This shift has occurred at higher rates in rural areas surrounding larger cities.•Rural livelihood ...diversification appears mainly inter- rather than intra-household.•Agricultural production does not appear more intensified surrounding larger cities.•Rural households close to larger cities have a lower probability of being poor.
Recent growth in many African countries has been accompanied by rapid urbanization, which could have major impacts on rural livelihoods. This paper examines patterns of rural livelihoods and poverty in Ghana based on the proximity of rural areas to cities of different sizes. The paper finds that many rural households in the areas close to cities have shifted their primary employment from agriculture to nonagriculture, especially in the more urbanized South. This trend strengthens over time. This appears to take place in contrast to the traditional model of rural livelihood diversification, with some family members working in agriculture and some in nonagriculture. Although cities have created market demand for agriculture, proximity to cities does not seem to influence agricultural intensification in terms of modern input use, possibly due to agricultural markets being relatively integrated in Ghana. Proximity to cities has implications for rural households being less poor and becoming middle class even after controlling for being a nonfarm household in rural areas.
This research explores the origins of observed differences in time preference across countries and regions. Exploiting a natural experiment associated with the expansion of suitable crops for ...cultivation in the course of the Columbian Exchange, the research establishes that pre-industrial agro-climatic characteristics which were conducive to higher return to agricultural investment triggered selection, adaptation, and learning processes that generated a persistent positive effect on the prevalence of long-term orientation in the contemporary era. Furthermore, the research establishes that these agro-climatic characteristics have had a culturally embodied impact on economic behavior such as technological adoption, education, saving, and smoking.
This book aims to tell the Abu Dhabi story in economic development, from its past dominance in oil to its economic vision for the future. More than being an exemplar of industrial restructuring and ...diversification from a resource-based to a 21st century knowledge-based economy and society, Abu Dhabi emphasises its cultural legacy and tradition as an environmental advocate for green and sustainable pathways. It has as many challenges as creative responses to show that its success is not by wealth alone.
Innovative priorities for power engineering Vorontsova, O; Nazarenko, N; Lepetikova, I
IOP conference series. Materials Science and Engineering,
01/2020, Letnik:
709, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The article describes the features of the development of power engineering as one of the key industries that ensure stable economic growth in conditions of a high dependence of the Russian Federation ...on energy exports and world energy markets.
Due to economic development and urbanization, the number of car ownership continues to increase, making the urban passenger transport sector becoming an important contributor for energy consumption ...and CO2 emissions in China (accounting for around 20% of the total carbon emissions of the transport sector in 2016). Hence, how the urban passenger transport sector can contribute to peaking China's carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 is worthy of attention. To that end, we develop a National Energy Technology-Transport (NET-Transport) model to assess the impacts of shifting to alternative clean fuels, improving vehicle fuel efficiency, and promoting public transportation on the future energy demand and CO2 emissions for China's urban passenger transport sector. The results show that in the context of promoting the use of clean fuel vehicles and increasing vehicle fuel efficiency, CO2 emissions of China's urban passenger transport sector could reach a peak of 225 MtCO2 in 2030. If the mode share of public transport could further increase, the CO2 emissions from the urban passenger transport sector in China are possible to peak at around 2020 with the emissions ranging from 171 to 214 MtCO2.
•The path to peak CO2 emissions of China's urban passenger transport is investigated.•A National Energy Technology—Transport (NET- Transport) model is developed.•CO2 emissions for urban passenger transport sector is likely to peak at 2020.•Promoting public transport would have the greatest potential for emission reduction.•Shifting to clean fuels and improving vehicle fuel efficiency has the lowest cost.
Inflation and sustainable development are two important factors in the economic development of most countries. This study will use empirical analysis to examine how macroeconomic variables, including ...the money supply (M2), economic growth rate (GRR), trade openness (TO), and inflation (INF), related to CO2 (the environment variable) in Vietnam from 1995 to 2022. The effect of detecting emitted CO2 can be considered both in the short and long term. This study uses the research analysis method of the self-healing distributed slow (ARDL) model. Several independent variations are proposed in the model, including M2 supply, economic growth rate, trade expansion rate, and issuance rate, to evaluate the influence of increasing emission waste. Research results show that the impacts are statistically significant in the short and long term. Finally, the study also offers some policy tips for Vietnam to adjust economic variables to achieve a better level of development and move towards sustainable economic development.
Fossil energy is the foundation of national economic development due to its ability to affect security and environmental and socioeconomic stability. As the fossil energy supply has become ...increasingly severe, exploring the decoupling relationship between fossil energy consumption and economic growth in each province is critical, and the results will be beneficial for clarifying the current resource security pattern. This paper uses the environmentally extended multiregional input-output model, combined with China's energy consumption data in 2002, 2007 and 2012, to calculate energy consumption based on various energy sources from the production and consumption sides in China's 30 provinces. Additionally, the Tapio decoupling model is used to measure the decoupling situation between the energy consumption and economic growth of each province from both sides. (1) From 2002-2012, the total energy consumption of the production and consumption sides in China showed an annually increasing tendency, and the structural contradiction of energy security remained acute. (2) The decoupling relationship between total energy and economic growth in developed regions is often overestimated, while most of the central and western regions are relatively backward in this state. (3) In 2007–2012, the decoupling states of coal and oil on both sides are significantly better than those in 2002–2007. With the contribution of coal and oil consumption to economic growth continuing to decline, the decoupling states between natural gas consumption and economic growth in most provinces are strongly negative, and economic growth in these regions increasingly depends on natural gas. Our study can help to strengthen the understanding of the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth both on the production side and the consumption side from the perspective of the decoupling states of different energy sources. This paper recommends that China strengthen its sustainable energy output, effectively transform its energy-consuming structure, and promote economic development policies according to local conditions.
•The decoupling relationship between different types of energy and economic growth were analyzed.•The calculation of the consumption-side energy consumption provides a beneficial supplement for traditional methods.•The latest MRIO model in China is used for calculation.•Regional differences are reflected in calculations of the decoupling state.•Some suggestions are introduced to improve the decoupling state of China.
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