Mangrove forests have social, economic, and ecological functions to surrounding communities. Government policies in managing mangroves affect its sustainability. Often, mangroves become the main ...target to be converted for “non-forestry” development because they are mistakenly considered to have lower benefits. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate and to inform total economic value of mangroves so that it can be identified the amount of loss that will be if mangroves are converted. This paper aims to calculate the total economic value of mangroves and their contribution to household income, using the technique of economic valuation. Results showed that benefits of mangroves identified in Kutawaru, Pemogan, and Tuban villages consist of direct benefits (fish, crabs, shrimps, and tourism), indirect benefits (wave breakers), and option use (biodiversity). Potential total economic value of mangroves in Kutawaru village, Pemogan village, and Tuban village sequentially are Rp54.1 million/ ha/year, Rp17.4/million/ha/year, and Rp26.6 million/ha/year. Amongst the three sites, indirect use contributes the highest to total economic value, whereas this value often excluded from consideration. Kutawaru village has the highest contribution of mangrove ecosystem to household income amounted to Rp1.4 million/month/household. In addition to the total economic value, community dependence on mangroves must be considered by the government in managing mangrove ecosystems.
Model pembelajaran yang tepat dapat mendorong kemampuan belajar siswa sehingga membuat siswa aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dapat diterapkan model ...pembelajaran yang efektif yang dapat mendorong kemampuan- kemampuan siswa, salah-satunya dengan menggunakan model Think Pair Share (TPS) dan model Think Talk Write (TTW). Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar materi ekosistem antara kelas yang menggunakan model Think Pair Sharedan Think Talk Write pada kelas X di SMAN 1 Losarang Indramayu. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2017.Tempat penelitian dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 1 Losarang Indramayu.Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan peneliti adalah dengan menggunakan instrumen tes untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa. Cara pengambilan data peneliti terlebih dahulu melakukan pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share pada kelas eksperimen I dan Think Talk Write pada kelas eksperimen II, selanjutnya pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes essai (postes). Analisis data yang digunakan adalah 1) deskripsi data, 2) uji persyaratan analisis dan 3) uji hipotesis.Dari data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa jika thitung≤ ttabel maka hipotesis nilai Ho diterima, berarti tidak ada perbedaan rata-rata dan jika thitung> ttabel maka hipotesis Ho ditolak berarti ada perbedaan rata- rata. Karena thitung = 3,725> ttabel 2,010 maka Ho ditolak yang artinya ada perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa antara yang menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif learning tipe Think Pair Share dan tipe Think Talk Write pada materi ekosistem.
Indonesia memiliki banyak tinggalan budaya bawah air yang berpotensi meningkatkan kebanggaan identitas bangsa dan mendorong kemajuan sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Akan tetapi, saat ini pemanfaatan ...tinggalan budaya bawah air sebatas pada komoditas ekonomi yang diperjualbelikan tanpa memperhatikan keselamatan dan kelestariannya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan dalam aspek regulasi pemanfaatan tinggalan budaya bawah air dan menyajikan model pemanfaatan alternatif sebagai respon terhadap permasalahan tersebut. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan studi pustaka dan wawancara terstruktur terhadap narasumber yang mewakili Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, serta Perkumpulan Ahli Arkeologi Indonesia. Analisis kualitatif terhadap hasil wawancara menunjukkan adanya tumpang tindih implementasi empat regulasi terkait pemanfaatan tinggalan budaya bawah air. Tulisan ini juga menawarkan konsep yang diadopsi dari model konsesi Restorasi Ekosistem sebagai model pemanfaatan tinggalan bawah air yang berkelanjutan.
Beekeeping is one of the significant activities that contribute to sustainability in environmental, social, and economic aspects. Honeybees provide multifaceted contributions to humanity, with 90% ...attributed to pollination services and 10% to bee products (honey, propolis, wax, etc.). The preservation of these services plays a key role in achieving ecological and economic sustainability, ensuring a healthy future for human life. According to the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) under the United Nations, more than 80 million beehives contribute to an estimated annual honey production of 1.6 million tons. Honeybees can travel distances ranging from 600 meters to 11.3 kilometers to pollinate in bee forests. The bee products obtained from these areas provide income sources for forest communities, supporting sustainable development. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), one-third of global food production relies on pollination services by bees. Pollination services are critical for maintaining food security and increasing agricultural productivity. These services create a significant impact on biodiversity support, landscape diversification, enrichment of forest cover, and expansion of wildlife habitats, as well as erosion control—effects that are often imperceptible to humans. Bees contribute to human well-being and cultural sustainability by providing food, medicine, genetic resources, and related materials. The ecosystem services provided by bees make substantial contributions to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including No Poverty (SDG1), Zero Hunger (SDG2), Good Health and Well-being (SDG3), Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG7), Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG8), Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG12), Climate Action (SDG13), and Life on Land (SDG15). This study discusses the importance of beekeeping and bee products in terms of
ecosystem services for sustainable development and addresses environmental risks.
Arıcılık, çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik açılardan sürdürülebilirliğe katkıda bulunan önemli faaliyetlerden biridir. Arılar, insanlığa çok yönlü katkılarda bulunur, bunların %90'ı tozlaşma hizmetlerine ve %10'u da arı ürünlerine (bal, propolis, balmumu, vb.) atfedilir. Bu hizmetlerin korunması, ekolojik ve ekonomik sürdürülebilirliği sağlamak, insan yaşamının sağlıklı bir geleceğini garanti altına almak için kilit bir rol oynar. Birleşmiş Milletler bünyesindeki Biyoçeşitlilik ve Ekosistem Hizmetleri Üzerine Hükümetler Arası Bilim-Politika Platformu'na (IPBES) göre, 80 milyon arı kovanı yılda tahmini 1,6 milyon ton bal üretimine katkıda bulunuyor. Arılar, arı ormanlarında tozlaşma yapmak için 600 metre ila 11,3 kilometre arasında mesafeler kat edebilirler. Bu alanlardan elde edilen arı ürünleri, orman toplulukları için gelir kaynakları sağlayarak sürdürülebilir kalkınmaya destek olur. Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü'ne (FAO) göre, küresel gıda üretiminin üçte biri arıların tozlaşma hizmetlerine dayanmaktadır. Tozlaşma hizmetleri, gıda güvenliğini sürdürmek ve tarımsal verimliliği artırmak için hayati öneme sahiptir. Bu hizmetler, biyoçeşitliliği destekleme, manzara çeşitlendirmesi, orman örtüsünün zenginleştirilmesi ve vahşi yaşam habitatlarının genişletilmesi, ayrıca erozyon kontrolü gibi, genellikle insanlar için fark edilemeyen etkiler yaratır. Arılar, gıda, ilaç, genetik kaynaklar ve ilgili materyaller sağlayarak insan refahına ve kültürel sürdürülebilirliğe katkıda bulunur. Arılar tarafından sağlanan ekosistem hizmetleri, Yoksullukla Mücadele (SDG1), Açlıkla Mücadele (SDG2), İyi Sağlık ve İyi Olma Hali (SDG3), Uygun ve Temiz Enerji (SDG7), İnsana Yakışır İş ve Ekonomik Büyüme (SDG8), Sorumlu Tüketim ve Üretim (SDG12), İklim Eylemi (SDG13) ve Kara Hayatı (SDG15) dahil Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri'ne önemli katkılarda bulunur. Bu çalışma, arıcılığın ve arı ürünlerinin ekosistem hizmetleri açısından sürdürülebilir kalkınma için önemini ve çevresel riskleri ele almaktadır.
Quantification and evaluation of carbon sequestration in forests within the scope of macro-scale planning is important in terms of maintaining and monitoring forestry activities. These sustainable ...and carbon-optimized forestry activities increase carbon sequestration without damaging the natural ecosystem structure, in areas where carbon sequestration is low, and contribute additionally to the mitigation of greenhouse gases. In this study, carbon sequestration for forests in the Mediterranean Ecoregion of Türkiye was calculated and mapped using stand volume values and internationally accepted coefficients. In this study, (1) average carbon stock per hectare for deciduous and coniferous trees at the forestry administrative borders, (2) average carbon stock per hectare for deciduous (pure or mainly deciduous tree species) and coniferous (pure or mainly coniferous tree species) stands in the region; and (3) average biomass carbon stock according to stand age and canopy for Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) and black pine (P. nigra Arnold) were calculated. The average above-ground biomass carbon stock according to forest stand types in Forest Sub-District Directorates is 36.12 tons C/ha for normal closed (more than 10% covered) coniferous stands and 20.13 tons C/ha for normal closed deciduous stands. Çzde3 and Çze3 stands for Turkish red pine, and Çkde3 and Çke3 stands for black pine, which provide the highest carbon sequestration. The results of this study can be used for the selection of species and silvicultural practices in terms of carbon stock, taking into account the natural structure of ecosystems. In addition, the carbon stock potential of non-dominant species in the stand was evaluated for the first time in this study. This information will support the conservation of these species in mixtures. Finally, it will also ensure that the stand carbon stock differences between the forestry sub-districts are taken into account in activities such as increasing carbon sequestration and carbon management efforts, taking measures, or intervening in problems.
Melalui metode sejarah kritis dengan pendekatan politik ekologi, tulisan ini mengkaji peristiwa bencana alam tanah longsor yang menjadi ancaman serius terhadap kehidupan masyarakat. Intensitas ...bencana tanah longsor yang semakin tinggi dan merata di berbagai kawasan di Indonesia tidak terlepas dari kebijakan ekonomi politik pemerintah dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya alam dan masifnya penetrasi sistem ekonomi kapitalis global yang sangat ekspansif dan eksploitatif terhadap sumber daya alam. Fakta empirik implementasi UU No.5/1967, UU No. 11/1967, UU No. 5/1990, dan TAP MPR No IX/2001, justru menjadi pintu masuk bagi pemanfaatan sumber daya alam melebihi carrying capacity yang berdampak terhadap kerusakan ekosistem dan bencana alam yang menjadi ancaman serius kehidupan masyarakat.
Natural Capital Kareiva, Peter; Tallis, Heather; Ricketts, Taylor H ...
2011, 2011-04-07
eBook, Book
In 2005, The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment provided the first global assessment of the world’s ecosystems and ecosystem services. It concluded that recent trends in ecosystem change threatened ...human well-being due to declining ecosystem services, a bleak prophecy which has galvanized conservation organizations, ecologists, and economists to work towards rigorous valuations of ecosystem services at a spatial scale and with a resolution that can inform public policy. This book provides an intensive and technical analysis of ecosystem services to date. A key idea which guides the science is that the modelling and valuation approaches being developed should use data which are readily available around the world. In addition, the book documents a toolbox of ecosystem service mapping, modelling, and valuation models that both The Nature Conservancy and the World Wide Fund for Nature are beginning to apply around the world as they transform conservation from a biodiversity-only to a people and ecosystem services agenda. The book addresses land, freshwater, and marine systems at a variety of spatial scales, and includes discussion of how to treat both climate change and cultural values when examining tradeoffs among ecosystem services.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman belalang (Acrididae: Ordo Orthoptera) pada agroekosistem (Zea mays L.) dan ekosistem hutan tanaman serta menentukan peran belalang pada kedua ...ekosistem. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survai lapangan. Parameter yang diamati pada setiap lokasi meliputi keanekaragaman vegetasi tumbuhan, pengumpulan belalang Acrididae ordo Orthoptera dan pengamatan langsung terhadap belalang Acrididae ordo Orthoptera. Keanekaragaman belalang yang ditemukan pada ekosistem dianalisis dengan indeks keanekaragaman meliputi: indeks keanekaragaman (H’), kemerataan (E) dan indeks kesamaan sorensen (C) serta analisis korelasi dan regresi. Sampel diambil dari agroekosistem (Zea mays L.) dan ekosistem hutan tanaman yang selanjutnya diulang sebanyak empat kali. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April s/d Juli 2014. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 3.097 individu Orthoptera yang termasuk dalam Famili Tetrigidae, Acrididae dan Pyrgomorphidae yang terdiri dari 7 genus yaitu Atractomorpha, Criotettix, Gesunola, Hesperotettix, Miramella, Oxya, dan Valanga dengan 7 spesies. Pada agroekosistem ditemukan 3 spesies dengan 1.030 individu sedangkan pada hutan tanaman ditemukan 5 spesies dengan 2.067 individu. Hasil nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Weinner pada ekosistem hutan tanaman nilai keanekaragamannya lebih tinggi (0,6307) jika dibandingkan dengan agroekosistem (0,5325). Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka ekosistem hutan tanaman memiliki biodiversitas belalang yang lebih tinggi daripada agroekosistem (Zea mays L.).
İklim değişikliği küresel bir çevre sorunudur. İklim değişikliği konusunda ülkemizde farkındalığın artmaya başlaması ile iklim değişikliğinden en çok etkilenen kentlerin sahip olduğu doğal ve ...kültürel kaynakların korunmasına yönelik stratejilere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Kentler doğal ve kültürel ekosistemlerle onlar tarafından sağlanan kentsel ekosistem hizmetlerine bağımlıdır. Kentlerde iklim değişikliğinin etkilerinin azaltılmasına katkıda bulunabilecek yenilikçi bir arazi planlaması yaklaşımı olarak geliştirilen yeşil altyapılar, doğal sistemlerin alansal büyüklüğünü artırmanın yanında biyoçeşitlilik ve kentsel ekosistem hizmetlerinin artmasında da rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada iklim değişikliğinin kentsel biyoçeşitlilik üzerindeki etkilerine değinilerek yanlış arazi kullanımı neticesinde doğal alanların yok edilmesinin yarattığı iklim değişikliğinin kentsel ekosistem hizmetlerinin sürdürülebilirliğine etkileri konusunda tespitlere yer verilecektir. İklim değişiminin kentler üzerinde yaratacağı olası etkilerin çözümünde yeşil altyapı ve ekosistem hizmetleri çerçevesinde değerlendirmeler yapılacaktır.
This study, as its mentioned in its title, has aimed to open a discussion on Ankara as a realm of “problems”, “possibilities” and “potentials” in the creative ecosystem. While creative industries ...have been fascinating a thoughtful attention as a new welfare and employment sources from policy makers and researchers since the late 1990s, it should be said that, the discussions about the transformations of cities into the creative cities have attracted only a few attentions from researchers. From this point; the present article, which is evaluates Ankara in the creative ecosystem, should be considered as a one of the early research in the current literature. In this study, the capital city of Turkey has evaluated in the creative ecosystem. The present study has been divided into three chapters. The first and the second chapters have evaluated reciprocal relations between cultural and creative ecosystem and the creative cities nexus within the global creative city and their transformation into the creative cities. The third chapter has deal directly with Ankara's potential, problems and opportunities in the cultural and creative ecosystem. At the end of the article, the present study offers some alternative cultural policy for Ankara.
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