Background World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations using age 50 and older are defined for older persons. Medication adherence is so critical to the success of HIV management and its ...comorbidities. However being on new regimens may increase the effectiveness despite suboptimal adherence, past work may demonstrate that in the majority of regimens, patients need to adhere to HIV treatment at the perfect rates possible to counter disease progression, multidrug resistances, and immunologic failures. Methodology A case study design with both qualitative and quantitative research approaches is used in Kakiri Health Centre which is found in the Central part of Uganda-Kakiri Town Council. The study was conducted among elderly individuals who have lived with HIV and on ARV. Results The majority 140(73%) of the respondents were between 65-74 years, whereas 52(27%) were 75-84 years. This implies that most of the adults in the ART clinic were 65-74 years. There is a positive significant relationship between acceptance and adherence to ARV (r = 0.369, p = 0.001). The findings suggest that people with acceptance tend to have good adherence to ARV. Conclusion In light of the study findings, the study concludes that there was high acceptance and adherence to ARV among elderly persons living with HIV in the case of Kakiri Health Centre HIV Clinic. Recommendation In line with the first objective, the study recommends that there should be achievable psychological strategies like psycho-education exposed to the psychologists and counselor trainers so that they come up with effective and empirically proven psychological interventions for the families faced with acceptance and adherence to help affected victims in families. This will be helpful in the mitigation of poor adherence and its long-term effect on persons who have been affected by the situation.
Introduction. As the number of older persons continues to increase, there is a need to validate a reliable instrument to examine attitudes towards this population in Serbia. This research aimed to ...examine the validity and reliability and to determine the factor structure, that is, to adapt the Serbian version of the Kogan's Attitude towards the Old People scale. Method. The research was conducted on a planned sample of 321 respondents, students of social science and humanities, mostly gathered in the territory of Belgrade and Novi Sad. Results. Achievements at the level of the whole scale ranged from 67 to 121 (M = 100, SD = 7.83).The obtained Content Validity Index (CVI = 0.90) indicated a high level of validity in this assessment domain. The Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient of reliability for items given in a positive connotation was a = 0.77, while slightly higher value was obtained for the items given in a negative connotation (a = 0.83). At the level of the entire instrument, after recoding the inversely defined items, the value a = 0.88 was calculated, indicating a high level of reliability of the scale used. Except for item 13, statistically significant correlation (p<0.000) between the whole scale and individual attitudes about the elderly was found in all 33 items. The factor analysis identified five latent dimensions with the eigenvalue of 1 or more (KMO = 0.798), explaining 34.58% of total variance: Social desirability (a = 0.69), Hygiene (a = 0.73), Criticism (a = 0.60). Equality (a = 0.59) and Communication (a = 0.73). Conclusion. The Serbian version of the Kogan's Scale can be considered as a valid and reliable instrument in the study of attitudes toward the elderly.
In many countries with low to moderate tuberculosis (TB) incidence, cases have shifted to elderly persons. It is unclear, however, whether these cases are associated with recent Mycobacterium ...tuberculosis transmission or represent reactivation of past disease. During 2009-2015, we performed a population-based TB investigation in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, using in-depth contact tracing and 24-loci variable-number tandem-repeat typing optimized for Beijing family M. tuberculosis strains. We analyzed 494 strains, of which 387 (78.3%) were derived from elderly patients. Recent transmission with an epidemiologic link was confirmed in 22 clusters (70 cases). In 17 (77.3%) clusters, the source patient was elderly; 11 (64.7%) of the 17 clusters occurred in a hospital or nursing home. In this setting, the increase in TB cases was associated with M. tuberculosis transmissions from elderly persons. Prevention of transmission in places where elderly persons gather will be an effective strategy for decreasing TB incidence among predominantly elderly populations.
Experimental studies have demonstrated that influenza vaccination may protect against tuberculosis (TB) through a Th17 response. This nationwide cohort study aimed to evaluate the association of ...influenza vaccination with incident TB among elderly persons in Taiwan. This 2005-2012 study included 99,982 elderly persons (64,290 vaccinated and 35,692 unvaccinated) from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. During the 738,367 person-years of follow-up, 1,141 (1.14%) persons had incident TB. The cumulative incidences of TB were 145.2 cases/100,000 person-years among vaccinated elderly persons and 175.5 cases/100,000 person-years among unvaccinated elderly persons (p = 0.002). The time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model revealed that influenza vaccination was an independent protective factor for incident TB. Our results suggest that influenza vaccination is associated with a lower risk of incident TB among elderly persons in Taiwan. Further investigation of biologic mechanisms is warranted.
This study was a crossover trial that examined the effects of a 12-week peanut (Nakateyutaka) consumption on the cognitive function of community-dwelling elderly persons. These peanuts were ...cultivated in Kaneyama town, Yamagata Prefecture. Cognitive function was assessed using a computer-based test battery. During the peanut ingestion period, the verbal memory scores of the participants significantly increased post-intervention compared to their pre-intervention scores. Pre- and post-interventional changes in verbal memory and anger scores, which are part of a psychological index, showed a significantly negative correlation. In addition, there was no significant difference in the pre-and post-interventional urinary cortisol levels during the peanut ingestion period. However, during the control period, higher urinary cortisol levels were observed post-intervention than pre-intervention. The improvement of verbal memory through peanut consumption may involve the antioxidant effects of polyphenols (contained abundantly in peanuts), which can alter mood, specifically anger, and suppress the effects of increased stress levels.
Retirement involves the transition from one stage in life to another. This transition has some implications which require coping strategies to survive the occurrences. This study, therefore, ...investigated coping strategies of retired elderly persons in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. The research design is a descriptive survey. The population of the study comprised elderly persons in Kwara State and the target population consisted of retired elderly persons in selected local government areas in Ilorin Metropolis. 300 retired elderly persons were purposively selected through snowball sampling, with the assistance of the pension office.Questionnaires were used for data collection. The data was analysed using mean and analysis of variance. The results show that retired people adopted the coping strategies of having regular contact with people, spending time in nature (sleeping), performing regular exercise, seeking spiritual comfort, engaging in pleasurable hobbies and receiving support from family. However, there were significant differences in the coping strategies of retired persons in Ilorin Metropolis on the basis of gender, marital status and educational qualifications. The study recommended that male and female retirees should be encouraged to attend retirement counselling regularly, to adjust to the challenges of retirement. This implies that retirement counselling should be arranged for the elderly to ensure better health, emotional stability and physical functioning. This study has provided fresh information regarding coping with retirement that can be used for comparative studies as well as for informing retirement education and management within and outside employment in Nigeria, and perhaps elsewhere.
Emergency medical services (EMS) supports an increasing number of elderly patients.
To evaluate outcome and autonomy of patients aged 65 and older who managed in the prehospital theater.
We ...conducted a prospective observational multicenter study over one year (October 2015 -September 2016). We included patients aged 65 or older managed in the pre hospital setting. We studied: demographic criteria, pre-hospital care, severity (IGSA score and GCS), baseline and 3-month autonomy was assessed using the Katz score. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictive factors of mortality at 24 hours.
we included 385 patients. Average age was 81 ± 8 years and sex ratio was equal to 1.08. Thirty eight (10%) patients were in cardiac arrest at the arrival of EMS team and 50% of them were resuscitated without recuperation. The IGSA score was 7 5-10 on the initial examination versus 6 4-7 on the arrival at the hospital (p<0.01). Baseline autonomy was 2 0-6 versus 3 0-6 at 3 months with p = 0.02. Ninety four patients (33%) regained their baseline autonomy after the acute episode. At 24 hours the mortality rate was 9% (n=32). In multivariate analysis, the independent predictor factor of mortality was GCS <8 with an adjusted OR=9,22 ;95%CI3,44-24,70 ; p<0.001.
Except out of hospital cardiac arrest, the survival of elderly subjects managed by EMS teams was encouraging. In the medium term, one-third of them regained their autonomy after the acute episode. These elements suggest successful integration into the emergency system.
Kako zaštiti starije osobe? Baturina, Danijel
Bogoslovska smotra,
02/2021, Letnik:
91, Številka:
1
Journal Article, Web Resource
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Hrvatsko društvo, kao i europska društva, neumitno demografski stari. Naslovljavanje potreba starijih osoba i poboljšavanje njihova položaja u društvu strateški je izazov za socijalnu politiku, ali i ...održavanje socijalne kohezije u društvu. Starije osobe u Hrvatskoj su u višestruko nepovoljnom položaju, u pogledu financijskog statusa, društvenog položaja i obilježja skrbi. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati kakva je perspektiva starijih osoba i mišljenja stručnjaka o njihovu specifičnom položaju u društvu i zajednici, njihovoj ranjivosti na nasilje te mogućnosti prevencije nasilja. Rad se temelji na kvalitativnoj metodi prikupljanja i analize podataka, unutar koje su se provele fokusne grupe u pet sjevernih hrvatskih županija. Analizom okvira su se unutar četiriju tema – znanje stručnjaka o učestalosti, tipovima i izvoru nasilja nad starijim osobama, karakteristike starijih osoba i čimbenici rizika nasilja nad njima, obilježja skrbi za starije osobe koje ih mogu činiti ranjivim na nasilje, prevencija i mehanizmi za sprečavanje nasilja nad starijim osobama – ustanovile kategorije i pojmovi koji su prikazani u radu. Diskusija stavlja rezultate u kontekst onoga što socijalne politike, ali i drugi aspekti društva, trenutno rade, ali i što mogu učiniti u budućnosti kako bi se preveniralo nasilje nad starijim osoba i izgradilo mostove prema njihovoj većoj socijalnoj uključenosti u društvo. Zaključak donosi određene preporuke za politike i stručni rad kao i mapiranje područja djelovanja.
The Croatian society is, just like European societies in general, undoubtedly becoming demographically older. Addressing the needs of elderly persons and improving their status in society is a strategic challenge for social policy, but also for maintaining social cohesion within society. Elderly persons in Croatia are in many ways in an unfavourable position in terms of their financial status, social status, and in terms of care. The purpose of this article is to present what kind of a perspective elderly persons have, as well as opinions of experts on their specific position in society and community, their vulnerability to violence, and possibilities of preventing violence. The article is based on qualitative method of gathering and analysing data, within which focus groups were carried out in five northern Croatian regions. Through an analysis of four top- ics – knowledge of experts on prevalence, types, and sources of violence among elderly persons, characteristics of elderly persons and factors of risk of violence towards them, characteristics of care for elderly persons that can make them vulnerable to violence, prevention and mechanisms for preventing violence towards elderly persons – categories and concepts emerge that were then presented in this article. The discussion situates results within the context of what social policies and other aspects of the society are doing currently and what they could do in the future in order to prevent violence towards elderly persons and build bridges towards their greater social involvement in society. The conclusion offers some proposals for policies and further research, as well as for mapping areas of work.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
The incidence of myeloma in older adults is increasing, yet little is known about geriatric impairments in these patients. We aimed to examine the prevalence of geriatric ...impairments in older adults with myeloma and the association between geriatric assessment and autologous stem cell transplant eligibility.
DESIGN
Prospective cohort study.
SETTING
Two academic medical centers.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 40 adults 65 years and older with newly diagnosed myeloma were enrolled.
MEASUREMENT
Participants completed a primarily self‐administered geriatric assessment, including measures of functional status, comorbidities, polypharmacy, psychosocial status, social support, quality of life, cognition, and physical performance. Outcomes were autologous stem cell transplant eligibility and receipt.
RESULTS
Forty patients enrolled; their mean age was 71 years. Geriatric impairments were common: 62% reported dependence in one or more instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), 76.9% had polypharmacy (four or more medications), and 47.5% had one or more comorbidities. Median time on the Timed Up and Go was 13.3 ± 4.9 seconds. Those considered candidates for autologous stem cell transplant (N = 26) were younger, with fewer comorbidities, better performance status, and faster performance on the Timed Up and Go test. Factors independently associated with receiving autologous stem cell transplant (N = 21) included age and IADL dependence.
CONCLUSION
Impairments in geriatric domains are common in this population, even among those considered to have a good performance status. Geriatric assessment domains are associated with both transplant eligibility and receipt. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:987–991, 2019.
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