Electric mobility mode could be a great opportunity to reduce emissions from the transportation sector. The future mobility calculator and electric car power demand, developed by Coalition for Urban ...Transitions and International Energy Agency, respectively, were used to analyze Indonesia’s shifting strategy toward electric mobility. It was shown that going to electric mobility will reduce 90% of Indonesia’s emissions from the transportation sector by the year 2050. Nevertheless, the charging infrastructure must be improved quickly to provide a proper ecosystem for electric mobility. Additionally, the electric vehicle waste management system is urgently needed soon. The success of shifting toward electric mobility not only benefits Indonesia’s environment but also strengthens its international credibility for sustainable development.
Abstract As a consequence of the increasing market share of hybrid and all-electric mobility solutions, there is a need for robust manufacturing technologies that enable the efficient production of ...powerful electric traction motors in automotive industry. In the context of high-quality distributed stator windings, the so-called hairpin technology already meets the automotive demand regarding productivity – but process reliability is still limited by variations in the mechanical and geometric properties of the enameled rectangular copper wire leading to different springback effects within the forming processes. Against this background, a model-based closed-loop process control for the sequential tool-bound bending of hairpin coils is introduced and validated in this paper.
The future market diffusion of alternative fuels in the passenger car sector is of great interest to both carmakers and policymakers in order to decrease CO2 emissions. The decision to buy a car is ...not totally objective and only partly based on cost. For this reason, those modeling the future market evolution of cars powered by alternative fuels try to include behavioral and non-cost related aspects. This paper analyzes the integration of user behavior into market diffusion models and compares three models that include this aspect. The comparison comprises three parts: first, it compares the modeling approaches, then uses a harmonized data set to model the future market diffusion of alternative fuel vehicles, with and without behavioral aspects. The most important aspects of user behavior included in the models are the use of charging infrastructure, the limited model availability, the consideration of range anxiety as a hampering factor or the willingness-to-pay-more for alternative drivetrains as a supporting factor, as well as a distinction of users' driving distances. User behavior is considered in various ways, but always has a limiting effect on electric vehicle market diffusion. While a model that distinguishes individual users and driving distances stresses the high relevance of this aspect, it is considered less important in models with a more aggregated inclusion of user behavior based on logit functions.
•Integrating user behavior into models reduces sales of alternative fuel vehicles.•High market shares of electric vehicles in 2030 (up to 50%) nonetheless.•User behavior important, but policies, energy prices and purchase prices also matter.•Individual effects of user behavior can be better analyzed in disaggregated models.•Aggregated models are less sensitive to changes in user behavior.
This paper reports on a review of the European literature about the impacts of having an electrically-assisted bike available to use, together with results from a trial in the UK city of Brighton, ...where 80 employees were loaned an electrically-assisted bike for a 6–8week period. In the Brighton trial, three-quarters of those who were loaned an e-bike used them at least once a week. Across the sample as a whole, average usage was in the order of 15–20miles per week, and was accompanied by an overall reduction in car mileage of 20%. At the end of the trial, 38% participants expected to cycle more in the future, and at least 70% said that they would like to have an e-bike available for use in the future, and would cycle more if this was the case. This is consistent with the results of the European literature which shows that when e-bikes are made available, they get used; that a proportion of e-bike trips typically substitutes for car use; and that many people who take part in trials become interested in future e-bike use, or cycling more generally.
Paratransit provides the majority of road transport in South Africa and many other countries in the sub-Saharan African region. However, perceptions of electric vehicles (EV) and the factors that ...influence intention to adopt EVs for the critical agents in this sector, vehicle owners and drivers, have yet to be explored. The aim of this study is to provide insights that can inform policies and strategies to promote EVs in the region. To achieve this, we collected 4452 survey responses from paratransit owners and drivers in South Africa. 38% of respondents expressed a willingness to purchase an EV when they become available. Using structural equation modeling, we test eleven hypotheses regarding the factors that influence EV adoption intention, based on an innovative integrated framework of consumer behavior. The results show that risk perceptions, environmental considerations and perception of cost have the strongest influence on EV adoption intention although many factors come into play, with ten out of the eleven hypotheses being supported. The most salient takeaway from the model output is that interventions that emphasize safety and business advantages of EVs will be the most effective at improving EV adoption intention, but that a diversity of thoughtful approaches will be necessary to ensure significant lasting change in this area. Finally, we use the coefficients from the structural model to simulate the effects of example interventions on EV adoption intention, and offer sensible guidelines for formulating targeted promotional strategies that will address the principal concerns of paratransit owners and drivers regarding EVs.
•Survey analysis of 4452 paratransit drivers and owners in South Africa.•Investigates factors influencing EV adoption intention.•38% of respondents intend to purchase an EV when available.•Vehicle reliability and personal norms are the strongest predictors of EV adoption intention.•Provides guidelines for a diversity of targeted interventions.
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) refers to efforts to bi-directionally link the electric power system and the transportation system in ways that can improve the sustainability and security of both. A transition ...to V2G could enable vehicles to simultaneously improve the efficiency (and profitability) of electricity grids, reduce greenhouse gas emissions for transport, accommodate low-carbon sources of energy, and reap cost savings for owners, drivers, and other users. To understand the recent state of this field of research, here we conduct a systematic review of 197 peer-reviewed articles published on V2G from 2015 to early 2017. We find that the majority of V2G studies in that time period focus on technical aspects of V2G, notably renewable energy storage, batteries, or load balancing to minimize electricity costs, in some cases including environmental goals as constraints. A much lower proportion of studies focus on the importance of assessing environmental and climate attributes of a V2G transition, or on the role of consumer acceptance and knowledge of V2G systems. Further, there is need for exploratory work on natural resource use and externalities, discourses and narratives as well as social justice, gender, and urban resilience considerations. These research gaps need to be addressed if V2G is to achieve the societal transition its advocates seek.
The demand for clean energy from renewable sources is widely acknowledged as a solution to energy security and global warming, but its intermittent nature poses challenges to sustainable power ...supply. On the other hand, electrochemical storage of energy is a sustainable and reasonably priced method for storing and distributing clean energy to overcome the current global energy crisis and environmental deterioration. They are a viable solution for incessant future power supply due to their high efficiency, safety, and affordability. According to current research, rechargeable aqueous metal-air batteries offer theoretically high energy density, but they suffer from difficulties such as reactivity with aqueous electrolytes, poor performance in practice, and dendrite formation. Solid-state metal-air batteries, on the other hand, provide superior energy density and safety but confront problems in the metal-electrolyte interface and catalyst design. As a result, this research examines the most recent advances in rechargeable solid-state metal-air batteries for electric mobility. This review also provides a theoretical foundation for rational design and performance optimization of innovative electrolytes for RSSBs, highlighting the importance of these electrolytes, electrode reactions, their applications, and future innovation prospects in the development of next-generation energy storage systems.
Electric vehicles represent a necessary alternative for wheeled transportation to meet the global and national targets specified in the Paris Agreement of 2016. However, the high concentration of ...electric vehicles exposes their harmful effects on the power grid. This reflects negatively on electricity market prices, making the charging of electric vehicles less cost-effective. This study investigates the economic potential of different charging strategies for an existing office site in Austria with multiple charging infrastructures. For this purpose, a proper mathematical representation of the investigated case study is needed in order to define multiple optimization problems that are able to determine the financial potential of different charging strategies. This paper presents a method to implement electric vehicles and stationary battery storage in optimization problems with the exclusive use of linear relationships and applies it to a real-life use case with measured data to prove its effectiveness. Multiple aspects of four charging strategies are investigated, and sensitivity analyses are performed. The results show that the management of the electric vehicles charging processes leads to overall costs reduction of more than 30% and an increase in specific power-related grid prices makes the charging processes management more convenient.
Conventionally, public transportation has been the responsibility of the government. In developing countries, however, government-provided public transportation is often inadequate: people’s mobility ...needs are best met by private modes, such as shared auto-rickshaws. In India, auto-rickshaws serve as a popular last-mile transportation alternative as well as a public transportation substitute. The mode share of auto-rickshaws in major Indian cities is significant. Electrifying this mode will certainly result in a significant reduction in air pollution levels. It is therefore imperative to identify the factors which influence rickshaw operators (ROs)’ willingness to adopt battery-operated rickshaws (BORs) in India. The present study aims to identify and explore the factors that contribute to the adaptability of battery electric vehicles in India and measure the satisfaction level of ROs with the selected factors. By using structural equation modeling, the present research found that, from the viewpoint of 478 ROs, vehicle-related attributes and economy-related attributes are most influential on the adaptability of BORs. Furthermore, the one-way analysis of variance revealed that willingness to adopt BORs is significantly related to the age of the ROs. From the standpoint of government, as well as electric vehicle manufacturers, this study would be helpful in understanding the tastes, expectations, and needs of ROs if they adopt BORs.
Electric mobility has the potential to spearhead transport decarbonisation. While there is a vast literature on the potential benefits of electric vehicles (EVs) towards sustainability and national ...policies of EV adoption, regional and local polices are often overlooked. Hence, this paper aims to capture lessons learned from two bay areas, namely the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China and the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) in the United States. These two regions are pioneers in electric mobility within the two largest economies of the world. An integrative methodology of transport decarbonisation and backcasting analysis are applied to analyse the progress achieved so far (2000–2018) and to project future carbon reduction potentials (2019–2050). Regional and local transport CO2 emissions are estimated by a distance-based approach. The results illustrate that electric mobility has led to carbon reductions of 1.73 Mt CO2 and 0.25 Mt CO2 in 2018 in GBA and SFBA respectively, contributing to a relative decoupling status in both regions (e = 0.85 &e = 0.14). Intra-regional variability in decoupling status is observed, with stronger spatial variations in GBA. The backcasting analysis suggests that the EV share needs to reach almost 100% before 2035 so that the 450 Delayed Action vision can be achieved. This requires a proactive policy package of cleaner electricity with emissions performance standards, EV sales mandates, expanded public charging infrastructure, and a range of measures to incentivize EV market uptakes. Major driving forces of decoupling, including vehicle kilometre travelled, public transport share, and regional/local EV policies, are also identified and discussed.
•Progress and state of electric mobility in the Great Bay and San Francisco Bay areas were estimated.•Spatial and temporal changes in road transport carbon emissions of the two bay areas were examined.•Backcasting analysis to achieve the 450 Delayed Action vision is conducted with three policy packages.•Comprehensive regional-local policies are essential in accelerating electric vehicle market uptake.•High electric vehicle market uptake and clean electricity grid are duly critical to transport decarbonisation.
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