The purpose of this article is to analyze the energy issue from the Human Development approach and the triple transition (the social, economic and energy transition) that become the strategic axis to ...formulate a national public policy for this country. The analysis and proposals had structure the National Human Development Report, Paraguay 2020. Energy and Human Development, produced by United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in Paraguay. For this Agency of the United Nations System, promoting human development is key to its work. Furthermore, it should guide all public policies that aim at ensuring that the population as a whole enjoys better living conditions and wellbeing, thus expanding their capabilities and freedoms. The main results could be summarized in 1) There is a need for more human development and less inequalities; 2) The country ought to transition to a more complex and diversified economy with a resilient middle class and social inclusion; 3) Enable more affordable, clean and sustainable energy (SDG 7), in response to the 2030 National Development Plan, and develop new energy sources; 4) Strengthen policies for energy equity, eradication of energy poverty and vulnerability and support MSMEs, introducing electromobility; and 5) Implement the energy national policy 2040, particularly its governance proposals, with the creation of a Ministry of Energy, and the proposals to transform the income hydroelectric plants into a development bank. Its main contribution is a set of strategic lines of public policy on Energy and Human Development. Besides this strategic axis, there are another three which are energy and equity, sectoral policies, and State policies.
The development of electromobility in Poland and the whole world is an inevitable process. Every year, electric vehicles and vehicles powered by renewable fuels become more and more popular. It ...should be noted that the development of infrastructure for electric vehicles and the pursued environmental policy with the related subsidies for the purchase of electric vehicles are an important aspect encouraging the purchase of this type of vehicle. The article presents a comparison of the popularity of vehicles powered by renewable energy sources in Poland and other European Union countries, as well as the characteristics of the most common alternative fuels. Its main objective is to specify the importance of passenger cars with alternative drive sources across the selected EU countries.
•A new MILP is developed to optimize charging planning and bus fleet size.•To address the uncertainty of energy demand and charging time, the RCM is derived.•Dependent and independent budget ...uncertainty sets are developed to control robustness.•A real bus network study is conducted to demonstrate effectiveness of the models.•Joint charging and scheduling planning can save 19.2% of the total cost.
Electromobility in public bus systems is growing rapidly and experiencing a fundamental transformation in their infrastructure and operations. The dilemma of limited driving range and charging time of battery electric buses (BEBs) hinders their adoption. A novel approach to address BEB limitations is to utilize dynamic wireless charging (DWC) technology that allows buses to charge while in motion. This paper aims to analyze robust strategic planning of DWC and BEB fleet scheduling based on a real bus network at Binghamton University. The problem is first formulated as a new deterministic mixed-integer linear programming model to simultaneously optimize both the charging planning problem and fleet scheduling problem in an integrated fashion. To address the uncertainty of energy demand and charging time, a robust counterpart model (RCM) has been derived. To increase RCM flexibility, the battery status variable is formulated in a cumulative form. Dependent and independent budget uncertainty sets have been developed to control the robustness. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted to study the system behavior in response to different charging types, auxiliary energy demand, depth of discharge, charging options at terminals, battery degradation, and electricity cost. The deterministic model shows that eight homogeneous BEBs are required to operate on the selected routes with a battery capacity of 54.01 kWh and a total cost of $3,636,347. The results show that joint planning of charging infrastructure and fleet scheduling can save 19.2% of total cost compared to disjoint planning. The RCM results in 10 BEBs to ensure feasiblility against uncertainty.
Electromobility is a vital tool in reducing the environmental impact of transportation. A technologically mature means of public transport is the trolleybus. Based on a case study of the Polish ...cities of Gdynia and Sopot, this paper explores the factors that influence the development of the trolleybus system. Recent developments of in-motion charging (IMC) technology are analysed what provides a new analytical framework for the trolleybus development, bringing the original path for the expansion of the electromobility in urban areas without overhead lines. The use of an economic model has made it possible to assess the total lifecycle costs of trolleybuses and to specify a threshold that makes it more cost-effective than diesel buses. Operational data allows for a simulation that reveals the minimal rate of catenary coverage of a route in terms of speed and two charging power values. Results indicate that after including external costs into the economic calculation, trolleybus transport is economically efficient, although the energy mix is an important factor. In-motion charging trolleybus can be seen as a compromise solution between capital costs and battery capacity and is recommended for cities already operating this system.
•Trolleybus development depends on their ability to travel without battery power.•When used intensively, trolleybuses are more cost effective than diesel buses.•In-motion charging creates trolleybus opportunities for use in areas without catenary.•At least 30% of the catenary length is needed for in-motion charging trolleybuses.•To increase benefits, renewable energy demand must be diversified throughout the day.
Electromobility in public transport has become a promising way to reduce environmental pollution. Several contributions have sought to estimate the energy consumption of buses in public transport. ...However, most of these efforts use measurements collected from controlled or simulated experiments, or that do not characterize the entire bus network. Unlike these studies, this article estimates the energy consumption of all the electric buses that circulate in the city of Santiago, Chile, during the studied period using full disaggregated GPS data and empirical measurements on some sensorized electric buses. The methodology considers a feature selection phase and the development of energy consumption prediction models using physics based and machine learning approaches. The performances of both models are compared with each other, and then, the best one is used to measure the impact of electromobility in the city. This analysis allows decision-makers to target investment by determining the buses with higher energy consumption savings in the face of budget constraints.
•Estimation and impacts of public buses energy consumption.•Comparison of energy consumption prediction of physics and machine learning approaches.•Quantification of energy savings by replacing diesel buses based on SVR consumption estimates.•Sensorized data provides better compared to the use of only the data available for the entire network.
•Solar energy can be effectively used to power an autonomous surface vehicle.•During summer days PV panel can match approx. 92% of the entire load of the vehicle.•The use of composite materials of ...natural origin can reduce the carbon footprint.•Dynamic simulation was conducted for different operation time and locations.•The change in location can increase the primary energy savings by about 30–50%
Nowadays, the use of autonomous surface vehicles has increased in popularity. Autonomous surface vehicles can be adapted to perform water quality measurements, water contamination and hazards detection, garbage collection, aquatic animal population control, shore control, and other applications. This paper shows the novel construction of a small solar-powered autonomous surface vehicle. The vehicle was manufactured of composite materials of natural origin. It was equipped with an electric engine powered by ultralight photovoltaic panel, and a set of sensors and actuators used for autonomous operation and measurements of such factors, as pH, turbidity, purity, and oxygen content in water. The investigations carried out have been divided into three main parts. First, the geometry of the proposed autonomous surface vehicle was modelled using computational fluid dynamics and optimal shape of hull and deck was determined. Then, a dedicated construction of the photovoltaic panel was developed and tested under real conditions. The maximum power generated was 41.7 W when solar radiation was 850 W/m2. The matched power related to the area of 1 m2 was higher by 9.7% – 34.3% compared to other tested market-available panels. Finally, simulations in the TRNSYS software were carried out to determine the operational parameters of the developed autonomous surface vehicle under different operating scenarios. Simulations showed that the operation scenario of the autonomous surface vehicle significantly affects its primary energy consumption due to the energy supplied from the grid to recharge the system after each day of operation. The change in location can increase the primary energy savings, since among the investigated locations the primary energy saving ratio varied between about 30 and 50%. The analysis pointed out that the developed construction of the solar-powered small autonomous surface vehicle is a really promising solution and can be considered as an addition or replacement to the actual available water quality monitoring systems.
The scientific work presents a concrete research carried out by the authors in order to implement some concepts of a technical and economic nature so that the readers can become aware of a certain ...way of presenting the problems regarding knowledge and management knowledge in road transport organizations. It proposes a study, carried out from a managerial point of view with engineering nuances, so that the concept of sustainable development in the addressed field can be viewed in a global context. The work as a whole is intended to be a theoretical approach with correlations in the field of engineering and management, essentially aiming at the sustainable development of road transport. Finally, some conclusions and further research directions in this direction are presented. .
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