In recent times technical developments in electric mobility have been rapid. With raising economic and ecological concerns about conventional vehicles, individuals and companies need to consider ...switching to electric vehicles. But due to limited range and charge times such vehicles are currently not sufficient. New mobility concepts are needed as well. In this work we present the Shared E-Fleet architecture used to enable sharing of car fleets between companies. Especially tailored to the needs of SMEs, the architecture is implemented as a cloud service chain, enabling configurability and interchangeability of services.
The usage of magnetic sensors is increasing steadily in the field of electric drives. Above all magnetoresistive (MR) sensors are experiencing a significant increase in applications in electrical ...drive systems, in the industrial, automotive and aerospace fields. MR sensors are not only used for measuring rotational and linear motion, but also for non-contact switching applications and furthermore for highly dynamic current measurement. This is largely the result of increasingly complex demands on the sensors for high performance electrical drives. Sensors must not only be accurate and dynamic, but must also be robust under difficult operating conditions and exhibit very high reliability. Recent developments, such as the trend to electromobility, in the form of electric road vehicles and "more electric aircraft", are generating additional demands, with respect to compact dimensions and energy efficient operation. This combination of demands is leading to the more intensive use of magnetoresistive current sensors, compared to more traditional solutions, such as hall-effect based current sensors or shunts.
For reducing environmental pollution, ridership in public transport has to be increased. Hence, a modernization of this sector and an improvement of its image are necessary. Professional ...communication in terms of usable passenger information systems can make valuable contributions in this context. These systems are promising means to increase passenger comfort and also user acceptance. This paper presents an empirical study, which is the first step of a larger project dealing with the design of an intermodal passenger information system. The study itself deals with stakeholders' feedback about the quality of existing passenger information to identify information gaps, shortcomings in visualization and potential for innovation. 15 bus drivers and service clerks were interviewed. The data was interlaced with results from an earlier passenger survey. It was found that passengers appreciate self-service applications for informational, and particularly for confirmatory reasons. Thus, the benefit of using passenger information systems must be increased, which could be achieved by implementing further features such as social media. Finally, trust-related aspects have to be explored in future studies.
The shift to electromobility is an anticipated transition intended to combat the grand challenges of climate change and air pollution. This paper introduces a process designed to support strategic ...decision-making and policy-planning to facilitate such a transition. We demonstrate the process by a case study that explores electric vehicles as the solution to the vision of emission free transport in cities in 2050. The working process begins with scoping of the decision-making situation. For our case study we selected the policy target of phasing out conventionally fuelled passenger cars in urban transport by 2050, as stated in the White Paper on transport by the European Commission. Having further processed this vision that defines the desired future state, the socio-technical entity of the urban transport system in the Helsinki metropolitan area in Finland is analysed, and three alternative yet combinable paths towards the vision with suitable policy measures are mapped. One path focuses on public transport, and the other two investigate passenger cars powered by electricity or biofuels. In this paper we focus on presenting the vision path facilitating the shift from internal combustion engines to the electric drive. The process continues by buildup of a system dynamics model, and a series of simulations are run to study designed vision paths. The case study proved the developed process a success and ready to be applied in real-life decision-making situations.
ReadyToGo is a short term e-vehicle leasing, sharing and pooling system. This kind of service allows the user to make a reservation for an electric vehicle (car, bike or motorbike) and to pick up in ...any of the seven points around the city of Bilbao and to drop off in another point. When a user makes a reservation, he is given the option to publish the route that he is going to follow in order to allow other users to see it and make a request to pick them up in a specified point (of the route). This service is a part of a larger project at the University of Deusto on Smart Grids (UDSmartGridTM), Spain. The aim of this project is to serve the mobility needs of students, academics and administration staff from their residential point to the University Campus of Deusto.
The present paper shows the current status of the student hands-on project eCARus which has been offered at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) for already more than six years. Within this ...paper, the project and team structure are explained. Furthermore, the two electric vehicles, called eCARus 1.0 and eCARus 2.0, developed by the students are presented. Both vehicles are continuously expanded with new features and functions. The technical complexity, the project has reached by now, is shown using an example. Besides, technical and soft-skill trainings were established in order to prepare the participants adequately. In addition, the public perception of the project will be discussed, which is strongly influenced by the project's own public relations team. Finally, the statistics about participants over the last six years complete the picture of the successful project.
The presented method for casting production of coils for electrical machines offers significant advantages over conventional production methods in terms of achievable performance, torque density, and ...the production costs of electrical machines. Below, the outline of the procedure is presented in accordance with electrical and constructive conditions. Based on initial casting experiments, the principle feasibility of the method is demonstrated.
Aging generally is understood to be a period defined by altered responses to physiological stress. At the molecular level, several stress responses involving specific gene expression have been ...revealed, and thermal stress has been tightly linked to induction of the heat shock gene family (D.A. Jurivich. In E. Bittar (ed.),
Principles of Medical Biology, Vol. 4, JAI press, San Diego, 1996, pp. 411–462). Perturbations in heat shock gene transcription consistently have been noted in senescent cells from all species examined thus far. Because heat shock proteins serve several vital functions in the immune system, changes in the thermal stress response could potentially contribute to immunosenescence. Inadequate promoter priming by the transactivator of heat shock genes, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), is thought to account for age-dependent diminution in expression of these genes, although the exact mechanism for this loss is not clearly understood. We have found that human lymphocytes exhibit an age-dependent loss in HSF1–DNA binding, although a range of binding has been observed in both young and old donor cells. This report characterizes a subset of young and old human donor lymphocytes that are non-responders to thermal stress defined by the absence of HSF1–DNA binding after a 42°C heat shock. Whole cell extracts from these donor cells have the capacity to inhibit HSF1–DNA binding when mixed with pre-activated HSF1 from HeLa cells. This inhibitory activity is lost upon heat denaturation and does not appear to be protease mediated. Serial passage of lymphoblasts recapitulates loss of heat inducible HSF1–DNA observed in old donor lymphocytes, thus suggesting that loss of replicative potential and aging lead to altered stress responses. Uncoupling of the thermal response and its potential relevance to apoptosis and aging are discussed.
