Dangers of disposable electronic devices Young, Laura; Dawson, Sue; Lavallee, David ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
04/2024, Letnik:
384, Številka:
6694
Journal Article
The development of stretchable electronic devices is a critical area of research for wearable electronics, particularly electronic textiles (e-textiles), where electronic devices embedded in clothing ...need to stretch and bend with the body. While stretchable electronics technologies exist, none have been widely adopted. This work presents a novel and potentially transformative approach to stretchable electronics using a ubiquitous structure: the helix. A strip of flexible circuitry ('e-strip') is twisted to form a helical ribbon, transforming it from flexible to stretchable. A stretchable core-in this case rubber cord-supports the structure, preventing damage from buckling. Existing helical electronics have only extended to stretchable interconnects between circuit modules, and individual components such as printed helical transistors. Fully stretchable circuits have, until now, only been produced in planar form: flat circuits, either using curved geometry to enable them to stretch, or using inherently stretchable elastomer substrates. Helical e-strips can bend along multiple axes, and repeatedly stretch between 30 and 50%, depending on core material and diameter. LED and temperature sensing helical e-strips are demonstrated, along with design rules for helical e-strip fabrication. Widely available materials and standard fabrication processes were prioritized to maximize scalability and accessibility.
Skin-like electronics that can adhere seamlessly to human skin or within the body are highly desirable for applications such as health monitoring, medical treatment, medical implants and biological ...studies, and for technologies that include human-machine interfaces, soft robotics and augmented reality. Rendering such electronics soft and stretchable-like human skin-would make them more comfortable to wear, and, through increased contact area, would greatly enhance the fidelity of signals acquired from the skin. Structural engineering of rigid inorganic and organic devices has enabled circuit-level stretchability, but this requires sophisticated fabrication techniques and usually suffers from reduced densities of devices within an array. We reasoned that the desired parameters, such as higher mechanical deformability and robustness, improved skin compatibility and higher device density, could be provided by using intrinsically stretchable polymer materials instead. However, the production of intrinsically stretchable materials and devices is still largely in its infancy: such materials have been reported, but functional, intrinsically stretchable electronics have yet to be demonstrated owing to the lack of a scalable fabrication technology. Here we describe a fabrication process that enables high yield and uniformity from a variety of intrinsically stretchable electronic polymers. We demonstrate an intrinsically stretchable polymer transistor array with an unprecedented device density of 347 transistors per square centimetre. The transistors have an average charge-carrier mobility comparable to that of amorphous silicon, varying only slightly (within one order of magnitude) when subjected to 100 per cent strain for 1,000 cycles, without current-voltage hysteresis. Our transistor arrays thus constitute intrinsically stretchable skin electronics, and include an active matrix for sensory arrays, as well as analogue and digital circuit elements. Our process offers a general platform for incorporating other intrinsically stretchable polymer materials, enabling the fabrication of next-generation stretchable skin electronic devices.
Jiaoyi Ning
Angewandte Chemie,
June 10, 2024, Letnik:
136, Številka:
24
Journal Article
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“The most important future applications of my research are flexible/wearable electronic devices… The biggest challenge facing my generation of scientists is the intense pressure to secure tenure and ...research funding within limited timelines, while most groundbreaking discoveries requires long‐term experience and knowledge accumulation…” Find out more about Jiaoyi Ning in her Introducing… Profile.
Abstract
In order to facilitate the testing needs of electronic engineers, a multi-channel isolation adjustable switching regulated power supply controlled by an STM32 single-chip microcomputer is ...designed 1. The power supply is programmable and adjustable by a single-chip microcomputer, and the humanized display operation interface is combined with the high efficiency of switching the power supply. It can realize three channels of 30v2a isolated output, and realize one channel of 90v2a or 30v6a output through a relay automatic switching series-parallel combination, to maximize power density. The power supply has the characteristics of high integration, small volume, large power, large adjustable range, high precision, and high efficiency. It can be applied to the debugging and operation of most electronic equipment.
Abstract
With the increase of the number of modern equipment, the expansion of equipment scale, and the requirements of actual combat equipment for long-term standby duty, the role and significance ...of spare parts support scheme in the life cycle of equipment system gradually become prominent. Taking the electronic equipment system as the research object, this paper analyzes the relative changes between the spare utilization rate and the spare fill rate under different system composition scales. It introduces the strategy of using faulty parts as spare parts after maintenance under the condition of considering limited spare parts resources. It analyzes the spare parts scheme of electronic equipment systems under the premise of satisfying the constraints of spare parts resources.
Material flow analysis (MFA) is one of the most widely accepted and utilized tools in the industrial-ecology discipline, that measures the input-output materials and examines the pathways and flux of ...each material flow within the whole system. The application of MFA in e-waste management has recently increased and quite a few academic articles have been published on this issue providing decision support at the policy level. However, there is a need to understand the dynamics of MFA methodology, the data requirements (as well as the data sources used in the previous studies) and the lessons learnt from the studies, so that countries where such an E-waste-MFA study has not yet been performed can apply the international experience of such an emerging research technique. This comprehensive review article presents the recent applications, trends, characteristics, research gaps and challenges of the MFA method that may help e-waste management with an overview of the need for a such tool to be applied. A country-wise analysis is presented and MFA models complemented by various associated methods are summarized with national-level, regional-level, product-level, and element-level assessment. The highlighted future research perspectives discussed in this study will help to analyze e-waste management systems more critically, including the hidden and known flows of waste products and associated materials, economic assessment of material recovery and the role of responsible authorities. This invaluable contribution will help future researchers, particularly from the data collection techniques and previously applied MFA models complemented by various associated methods.
•55 papers on e-waste related material flow analysis (MFA) were analyzed and reviewed.•E-waste generation estimation was the most popular while e-waste characterization was the least research topic.•20 different research gaps and future research opportunities were highlighted.•Use of state-of-the-art technologies and implementation of software in E-waste-MFA studies are essential.
The rapid development of modern electronic technology has provided high efficiency for social production, but it also brings serious electromagnetic interference (EMI). Although traditional metals ...and their alloys can serve as good electromagnetic shielding materials, their heavy weight, high cost as well as poor corrosion resistance limit their application in EMI shielding. Therefore, electromagnetic shielding materials with lightweight are gradually attracting more and more attention to meet the trend of lightweight and highly integrated electronic equipment. Polymers are widely used in EMI shielding materials because of their unique characteristics, such as lightweight, high flexibility and excellent corrosion resistance. This review is focused on the well-studied polymer-based lightweight composites, with the aim of providing a comprehensive review of the existing EMI shielding mechanism, preparation and application of polymer-based lightweight composites, along with retrieving new general insights into the advantages and limitations associated with the different measurement and prediction techniques, as well as the EMI shielding effectiveness of polymer-based lightweight composites including metal-containing composites, intrinsic conductive polymers, filler-containing polymers and newly discovered materials. These lightweight materials with fine EMI shielding performance will find more and more potential applications in communications, electronics, aerospace, military, environmental protection, etc.
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