The impacts of COVID-19 on workers and workplaces across the globe have been dramatic. This broad review of prior research rooted in work and organizational psychology, and related fields, is ...intended to make sense of the implications for employees, teams, and work organizations. This review and preview of relevant literatures focuses on (a) emergent changes in work practices (e.g., working from home, virtual teamwork) and (b) emergent changes for workers (e.g., social distancing, stress, and unemployment). In addition, potential moderating factors (demographic characteristics, individual differences, and organizational norms) are examined given the likelihood that COVID-19 will generate disparate effects. This broad-scope overview provides an integrative approach for considering the implications of COVID-19 for work, workers, and organizations while also identifying issues for future research and insights to inform solutions.
Public Significance Statement
COVID-19 has disrupted work and organizations across the globe. This overview integrates and applies prior research in work and organizational psychology as well as related fields in its examination of emergent changes for work practices as well as workers. This article also acknowledges and considers the disproportionate impacts that COVID-19 may have on workers depending on demographic characteristics, individual differences, and relevant organizational norms. In addition to helping make sense of the implications of COVID-19 for employees, teams, and work organizations, this review features roadmaps for future research and action.
There is growing scholarly interest in settlement intention of migrants in urban China. But little is known about how settlement intention of migrants is shaped by their labor-market performance, ...employment status, and social integration. Using the structural equation modelling approach, this paper attempts to reveal the trajectory from migrants' labor-market performance to their decision to stay at destinations. Based on the survey data collected from 8 Chinese cities, we found that migrants' labor-market performance positively influences their settlement intention. The impact tends to be more influential for migrants in wage-employment and self-employment groups. For these two groups, the impact consists of direct effect and indirect effect. Perceived labor-market performance, social relation, sense of belonging, and group identity mediate the relationship between labor-market performance and settlement intention. For migrant entrepreneurs, there is only indirect effect of labor-market performance on settlement intention. The results support that the advantage in economic status could break the institutional barrier in migrants' settlement. But for the low-income-level group, the role of individuals’ economic status in shaping their settlement intention is strengthened by the hukou system. Findings point to the significance of adopting distinguished steps to promote settlement intention of migrants for different employment groups.
•There is group heterogeneity in settlement intention.•Labor-market performance positively influences settlement intention.•Perceived labor-market performance and social integration play mediating roles.•The advantage in economic status could break the institutional barrier to settlement.•The role of economic status is strengthened by hukou system in the low-income group.
The rapidly growing number of people who find work via online labor platforms are not employees, nor do they necessarily fit traditional conceptualizations of independent contractors, freelancers, or ...the self-employed. The ambiguous nature of their employment status and its implications for worker well-being have attracted substantial controversy, but to date most empirical research in this area has focused on the market efficiency of a single platform rather than on workers themselves and related human resource management issues. Research progress will require understanding how online labor platform work differs from other types of nonstandard employment arrangements, as well as critical differences across labor platform firms in how work and workers are managed. This paper proposes a conceptual classification framework to facilitate research on the attitudes, experiences, and outcomes of workers who use these platforms. We explore how labor platform firms' operational choices shape how control is allocated across workers, clients, and the firm, and how they influence workers' autonomy, incentives, and degree of economic dependence on the firm. Implications for theory development, research, and managing worker-firm relations are discussed.
Background and Aims
Few meta‐analyses have been conducted to pool the most constant risk factors for problem gambling. The present meta‐analysis summarizes effect sizes of the most frequently ...assessed problem gambling risk factors, ranks them according to effect size strength and identifies any differences in effects across genders.
Method
A random‐effects meta‐analysis was conducted on jurisdiction‐wide gambling prevalence surveys on the general adult population published until March 2019. One hundred and four studies were eligible for meta‐analysis. The number of participants varied depending on the risk factor analyzed, and ranged from 5327 to 273 946 (52% female). Weighted mean odds ratios were calculated for 57 risk factors (socio‐demographic, psychosocial, gambling activity and substance use correlates), allowing them to be ranked from largest to smallest with regard to their association with problem gambling.
Results
The highest odds ratio (OR) was for internet gambling OR = 7.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.24, 10.99, P < 0.000 and the lowest was for employment status (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.87, 1.22, P = 0.718). The largest effect sizes were generally in the gambling activity category and the smallest were in the socio‐demographic category. No differences were found across genders for age‐associated risk.
Conclusions
A meta‐analysis of 104 studies of gambling prevalence indicated that the most frequently assessed problem gambling risk factors with the highest effect sizes are associated with continuous‐play format gambling products.
The label “deaths of despair” for rising US mortality related to drugs/alcohol/suicide seems to implicate emotional distress as the cause. However, a Durkheimian approach would argue that underlying ...structural factors shape individuals’ behavior and emotions. Despite a growing literature on deaths of despair, no study has directly compared the effects of distress and structural factors on deaths of despair versus other causes of mortality. Using data from the Midlife in the United States study with approximately 26 years of mortality follow-up, we evaluated whether psychological or economic distress, employment status, and social integration were more strongly associated with drug/alcohol/suicide mortality than with other causes. Cox hazard models, adjusted for potential confounders, showed little evidence that psychological or economic distress were more strongly associated with mortality related to drugs/alcohol/suicide than mortality from other causes. While distress measures were modestly, but significantly associated with these deaths, the associations were similar in magnitude for many other types of mortality. In contrast, detachment from the labor force and lower social integration were both strongly associated with drug/alcohol/suicide mortality, more than for many other types of mortality. Differences in the estimated percentage dying of despair between age 25 and 65 were larger for employment status (2.0% for individuals who were neither employed nor retired versus only 0.6% for currently employed) and for social integration (1.9% for low versus 0.7% for high integration) than for negative affect (1.2% for high versus 0.8% for no negative affect). Most of the association between distress and drug/alcohol/suicide mortality appeared to result from confounding with structural factors and with pre-existing health conditions that may influence both the perception of distress and mortality risk. While deaths of despair result from self-destructive behavior, our results suggest that structural factors may be more important determinants than subjective distress.
•Psychological and economic distress were modestly linked with deaths of despair.•Those measures had associations of similar magnitude with other types of mortality.•Employment and social integration were strongly associated with deaths of despair.•In the US, those associations were stronger than for many other types of mortality.•Structural factors may be more important determinants than subjective distress.
Job search is an important activity that people engage in during various phases across the life span (e.g., school-to-work transition, job loss, job change, career transition). Based on our ...definition of job search as a goal-directed, motivational, and self-regulatory process, we present a framework to organize the multitude of variables examined in the literature on job seeking and employment success. We conducted a quantitative synthesis of the literature to test relationships between job-search self-regulation, job-search behavior, and employment success outcomes. We also quantitatively review key antecedents (i.e., personality, attitudinal factors, and contextual variables) of job-search self-regulation, job-search behavior, and employment success. We included studies that examined relationships with job-search or employment success variables among job seekers (e.g., new labor market entrants, unemployed individuals, employed individuals), resulting in 378 independent samples (N = 165,933). Most samples (74.3%, k = 281) came from articles published in 2001 or later. Findings from our meta-analyses support the role of job-search intensity in predicting quantitative employment success outcomes (i.e., rc = .23 for number of interviews, rc = .14 for number of job offers, and rc = .19 for employment status). Overall job-search intensity failed to predict employment quality. Our findings identify job-search self-regulation and job-search quality as promising constructs for future research, as these predicted both quantitative employment success outcomes and employment quality. Based on the results of the theoretical and quantitative synthesis, we map out an agenda for future research.
This editorial introduces the special section: Global changes in the "world of work" and "personal lives" in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The three contributions to this special section each ...make particular and wider points important within the authors’ frame of reference, but the authors of this editorial draw attention to the aspects of the contributions particularly relevant to this Special Section, including the resistance of casualized academic activists to opportunistic neoliberalized university management restructuring. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
Using novel survey data, we document that individuals extrapolate from recent personal experiences when forming expectations about aggregate economic outcomes. Recent locally experienced house price ...movements affect expectations about future U.S. house price changes and higher experienced house price volatility causes respondents to report a wider distribution over expected U.S. house price movements. When we exploit within-individual variation in employment status, we find that individuals who personally experience unemployment become more pessimistic about future nationwide unemployment. The extent of extrapolation is unrelated to how informative personal experiences are, is inconsistent with risk adjustment, and is more pronounced for less sophisticated individuals.
This study examines the self-employment behavior of artists. Using data from the Current Population Survey between 2003 and 2015, we estimate a series of logit models to predict transitions from paid ...employment to self-employment in the arts. The results show that artists disproportionately freelance and frequently switch in and out of self-employment compared to all other professional workers. We also find that artists exhibit unique entrepreneurial profiles, particularly in terms of their demographic and employment characteristics. In particular, artist workers are considerably more likely to attain self-employment status when living in a city with a high saturation of artist occupations.
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