•Optimized fuel engine speed of 2500 rpm.•BTE was improved for diesel engine with the addition of zinc oxide.•SFC emission decreased with addition of zinc oxide.•CO2 emission were decreased with ...addition of zinc oxide.
In this paper, we used experimental and numerical methods to explore the effects of a diesel fuel blend containing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles at three different concentrations (0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1%) on the combustion, injection, performance, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine running at constant speeds of 2000 rpm, 2250 rpm, 2500 rpm, 2750 rpm, and 3000 rpm, with the engine operating at full load. The results of the experiments demonstrate that DF + 0.1% ZnO increases BTE by 11.7% at 2500 rpm, while decreasing SFC by 1.67%, exhaust gas temperature by 11.4%, and NOx emissions by 10.67%. The advanced injection time and load were kept same, but a 2.3% rise in cylinder pressure was achieved when ZnO nano additions to diesel fuel were used. Moreover, CO2 emissions were reduced by 7.6% compared to 2500 rpm. In conclusion, the results prove that the nanoparticle-added test fuels improve engine efficiency, and combustion yield by reducing exhaust pollutants, and the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
The potential use of aluminium oxide nanoparticles as nanofuel additives was investigated on honge oil methyl ester and diesel fuel blend. The nanofuel blends were prepared by dispersing aluminium ...oxide in varying quantities in a HOME(B20) (20% biodiesel+80% diesel). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, was used for a stable dispersion of aluminium oxide nanoparticles in the fuel blends. HOME(B20) fuel with concentration levels of 20, 40, and 60 ppm of aluminium oxide nanoparticles (HOME20, HOME2040 and HOME2060) with varying ratios of SDS surfactants were prepared using ultrasonication technique. The investigated properties of diesel, honge oil biodiesel and nanofuel blends were in agreement with the ASTM D6751-15 standards. The dispersion and homogeneity were established and characterized by using the Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectrometry. The UV–Vis spectrometry results illustrated an increase in absorbance level with a relative increase in the concentration of surfactant. The highest absolute value of UV-absorbency was observed for a mass fraction of 1:4 (Al2O3 NPs to SDS ratio). The investigation was performed at a constant speed of 1500 rpm, and BP of 0 kW, 1.04 kW, 3.12 kW, 4.16 kW and 5.20 kW. The fuel HOME2040 demonstrated an overall improvement in the engine parameters, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) enhanced by 10.57%, while there was a decline in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 11.65% and the engine exhaust emission: HC, CO, and smoke reduced by 26.72%, 48.43%, and 22.84%, while the NOx increased by 11.27%. Similarly, the addition of aluminium oxide nanoparticles in HOME(B20) fuel blend resulted in decent reduction in the combustion duration (CD), ignition delay period (ID), improvement in the peak pressure, and a marginal increase in heat release rate (HRR) and cylinder pressure at maximum loading conditions. Based on the experimental results, it is concluded that the aluminium oxide nanoparticles in HOME(B20) fuel demonstrated an overall improvement in the engine characteristics.
•Al2O3 NPs-SDS surfactant ratio of 1:4, demonstrated highest UV–Vis absorbance.•Honge yielded 85% HOME, nanofuel properties were comparable with ASTM standards.•HOME2040 nanofuel enhanced BTE by 10.57% and reduced BSFC by 11.65%.•HOME2040 reduced emissions of CO, HC and smoke by 47.43%, 37.72% and 27.84%.•The HRR, PP improved and CD, ID reduced, while NOX increased for nanofuel blends.
The petroleum fuels need a constraining research for another energy source as the diminish of diesel fuels and causes of health problems. This paper studies the castor biodiesel as another source of ...fuel for already having CI engines with the application of new biodiesel which having new fuel properties. The study explains the utilization of castor biodiesel as another fuel for the diesel, and it may considerably weaken the exhalation of greenhouse gases as well as strengthen the castor seed production which gives employment to farmers on the city or town sides. The study reveals that the usability of castor biodiesel as another source of fuel reduces carbon monoxide to 9% correlated to diesel HC reduced by 8.8% also a considerable reduction in oxides of nitrogen. Here there was increased in SFC by 4% and the thermal efficiency reduced by 2.2%. But the environmental issues and the employment for farmers and increase their production of castor plant prefers the castor biodiesel is another source of fuel for the automobiles, cultivation and power production sectors.
•Environmental defects caused by Fossil fuel.•Biodiesel Production method.•Produces the employment and protects the cultivating.•Performance and emission studies of diesel and biodiesel.•Characterization and test fuel blends.
The ever increasing fossil fuel usage and cost, environmental concern has forced the world to look for alternatives. Straight vegetable oils in compression ignition engine are a ready solution ...available, however, with certain limitations and with some advantages as reported by many researchers. A comprehensive and critical review is presented specifically pertaining to straight vegetable oils usage in diesel engine. A detailed record of historical events described. Research carried out specifically under Indian conditions and international research work on the usage of straight vegetable oils in the diesel engine is separately reviewed. Many researchers have reported that straight vegetable oils in small percentage blends with diesel when used lower capacity diesel engines have shown great promise with regards to the thermal performance as well exhaust emissions. This has been explained in detail. Finally based on the review of international as well as Indian research a SWOT analysis is carried out. The review concludes that there is still scope for research in this area.
•Effects of fuel injection timings and split ratio in M/D/M strategy are investigated.•Too advanced methanol injection leads to wall wetting and too delayed leads to knock.•Delayed diesel injection ...and large dwell could reduce knock intensity effectively.•Excessive split ratios at high load should be avoided to prevent knock.
To improve fuel economy and emissions of a diesel/methanol dual-fuel direct injection engine at high load, a methanol/diesel/methanol (M/D/M) strategy is proposed and investigated. This M/D/M strategy consists of injecting a portion of methanol in the compression stroke to form a certain concentration of premixed charge, then injecting diesel near the TDC to ignite the premixed methanol/air mixture, and finally injecting the rest methanol into the flame to achieve diffusion combustion. In this work, a numerical study is conducted to investigate the effects of fuel injection timings and methanol split ratio (SR) in the M/D/M strategy. The results show that too advanced methanol injection timing (MSOI) leads to wall wetting while too delayed MSOI easily leads to knock; MSOI-30 is the most suitable setting to avoid these undesirable outcomes. Delayed diesel injection timing (DSOI) and large dwell can control knock intensity effectively. Moreover, increasing SR properly helps to improve fuel economy, while an excessive SR is prone to knocking. Accounting for engine performance and emissions, a SR of 50:50 paired with a MSOI-30/DSOI-5/MSOI-3 setup is the best overall configuration.
•Experiment on Mahua-coal-based co-gasification with CI engine integration system.•RSM approach reliably optimizes the gasifier equivalence ratio, engine CR and load.•Up to 50%, Mahua-coal blend ...co-gasification is suitable in Gasifier-engine tests.•Dual fueled mode engine brake thermal efficiency of 17–27% was attained.•A maximum of 54% diesel substitution has been obtained.
Increasing energy requirements worldwide have prompted energy generation migration through alternate resources. Gasification is an established thermochemical conversion technology to convert solid fuel into gaseous fuel for alternative decentralized power generation. One of the significant challenges is the sustainable availability of feedstock like coal and biomass, where co-gasification could be the viable option. The present study includes producer gas (PG) generation through co-gasification of low-grade coal and Madhuca longifolia (Mahua) Biomass and PG utilization with the dual-fuelled mode in a compression ignition engine. The influences of biomass-coal percentage, gasification equivalence ratio (GER), engine compression ratio (CR), and engine load variation have been analysed in detail on the performance, emission, and diesel saving during engine run. Finally, multi-objective optimization tool-response surface method (RSM) is applied to optimize gasifier CI engine operating variables.
Dual feedstock air-gasifier integrated dual-fuelled compression ignition (CI) engine experimental results show: that the maximum diesel saving achieved 54.16% at GER 0.43, CR 18, and at 100% biomass percentage; the maximum brake thermal efficiency obtained was 27 % at GER 0.1, CR 16, and 0% mahua blend. Engine emission results suggest that the Co-gasification decreases the magnitude of CO engine emission as compared to single feedstock coal gasification. Minimum concentration of CO2 0.8 vol% is emitted at 75% blending running at 12 kg load, CR16, 0.43 GER. Increasing the percentages of mahua biomass in co-gasification increases the levels of hydrocarbons from 0 to 25 % blending and 75–100% blending. The minimum 1 ppm HC is observed at 75% blending at CR 18, having 0.43 GER and running at a full load of 12 kg, and the minimum concentration of NOx content was 40 ppm which is obtained at the GER 0.43, CR 18, load 0 kg and 75% mahua blend. Hence, the co-gasification of the engine system offers a suitable technology for alternative power generation and could be very useful for small-scale industries.
