Rapid advances in industrial information integration methods have spurred tremendous growth in the use of enterprise systems. Consequently, a variety of techniques have been used for probing ...enterprise systems. These techniques include business process management, workflow management, Enterprise Application Integration (EAI), Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), grid computing, and others. Many applications require a combination of these techniques, which is giving rise to the emergence of enterprise systems. Development of the techniques has originated from different disciplines and has the potential to significantly improve the performance of enterprise systems. However, the lack of powerful tools still poses a major hindrance to exploiting the full potential of enterprise systems. In particular, formal methods and systems methods are crucial for modeling complex enterprise systems, which poses unique challenges. In this paper, we briefly survey the state of the art in the area of enterprise systems as they relate to industrial informatics.
Enterprise Application Integration deals with the problem of connecting heterogeneous applications, and is the centerpiece of current on-premise, cloud and device integration scenarios. For ...integration scenarios, structurally correct composition of patterns into processes and improvements of integration processes are crucial. In order to achieve this, we formalize compositions of integration patterns based on their characteristics, and describe optimization strategies that help to reduce the model complexity, and improve the process execution efficiency using design time techniques. Using the formalism of timed DB-nets – a refinement of Petri nets – we model integration logic features such as control- and data flow, transactional data storage, compensation and exception handling, and time aspects that are present in reoccurring solutions as separate integration patterns. We then propose a realization of optimization strategies using graph rewriting, and prove that the optimizations we consider preserve both structural and functional correctness. We evaluate the improvements on a real-world catalog of pattern compositions, containing over 900 integration processes, and illustrate the correctness properties in case studies based on two of these processes.
•Description of the responsible composition and optimization (ReCO) process.•Specification of a structural correctness enforcing representation of processes.•Definition of execution semantics of processes as open timed db-nets.•Interpretation procedure of integration pattern graphs as open timed db-nets.•Optimization realizations, proves of their correctness, and provided prototypes.
This paper presents a model for Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) in the modern era of data explosion and globalisation. Application here refers to software, which is in essence data system, ...and data refers to both information and knowledge (data serves as a vehicle for information as well as knowledge). The salient features of the model are: (1) separation of business functions from applications and enterprises, (2) three-layer architecture of the model (conceptual or semantic level, external or application level, internal or realisation level), and (3) integration of structured, semi-structured and non-structured data. To our best knowledge, the existing model or solution to EAI does not hold all the three features. A case study is presented to illustrate how the model works. The model can be used by an individual enterprise or a group of enterprises that form a network, e.g., a holistic supply chain network.
Many industrial enterprises acquire disparate systems and applications over the years. The need to integrate these different systems and applications is often prominent for satisfying business ...requirements and needs. In an effort to help researchers in industrial informatics understand the state-of-the-art of the enterprise application integration, we examined the architectures and technologies for integrating distributed enterprise applications, illustrated their strengths and weaknesses, and identified research trends and opportunities in this increasingly important area.
•Analysis of the discipline of enterprise application integration with a focus on integration patterns (i.e., enterprise integration patterns (EIP) from 2004) in the context of emerging trends (e.g., ...Cloud- and Mobile Computing, IoT, Big Data) and new requirements (e.g., processing styles like streaming, (stateful) conversations, scalability) in 2017.•A systematic literature review of the coverage as well as solutions for these new trends and aspects between 2004 and now, to answer questions around the evolution of the discipline from a research perspective.•An analysis of the most influencial EAI system implementations (i.e., commercial, startup, and open-source) to cross-check the divergence between research and practical solutions required to address the trends and aspects in real-world systems.•The proposal of a more systematic description of the new, but rather ad-hoc real-world solutions as patterns (complementary to the EIP) by example of a “design for scalability” trade-off.•The design of a pattern catalog for currently missing patterns in literature, for which solutions were found in the system review.•An evaluation of the usage of the original EIP and the newly found patterns as part of integration scenarios in a well-established cloud integration system in form of a quantitative analysis based on a new content monitor pattern implementation.
The discipline of enterprise application integration (EAI) enables the decoupled communication between (business) applications, and thus became a cornerstone of today’s IT architectures. In 2004, the book by Hohpe and Woolf on Enterprise Integration Patterns (EIP) provided a fundamental collection of messaging patterns, denoting the building blocks of many EAI system implementations. Since then, multiple new trends and a broad range of new application scenarios have emerged, e. g., cloud and mobile computing, multimedia streams. These developments ultimately lead to conceptual changes and challenges such as larger data volumes (i. e., message sizes), a growing number of messages (i. e., velocity) and communication partners, and even more diverse message formats (i. e., variety). However, the research since 2004 focused on isolated EAI solutions, and thus a broader and integrated analysis of solutions and new patterns is missing. In this survey, we summarize new trends and application scenarios which serve as a frame to structure our survey of academic research on EIP, existing systems for EAI and also to classify integration patterns from these sources. We evaluate recently developed integration solutions and patterns in the context of real-world integration scenarios. Finally, we derive and summarize remaining challenges and open research questions.
The purpose of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis to examine the most influential journals, institutions, and countries in social media (SM) publications related to knowledge management ...(KM). Moreover, various research themes in SM KM publications are also explored. VOSviewer was employed to process 234 SM KM publications retrieved from Web of Science (WoS) in the time period 2009-2019. Different methodologies were used according to the nature of bibliometric analysis and explained in each section. Journal of Knowledge Management was the most influential journal in SM KM publications. USA and England ranked first and second respectively, while the Tampere University of Technology was the most productive institute in SM KM research. Four emerged themes indicated an explicit contribution of SM users in KM through big data, knowledge sharing, innovation, Enterprise 2.0, and social capital. This is the first bibliometric study that explores the overall contribution of SM publications in the KM field.
The introduction of smart contracts has expanded the applicability of blockchains to many domains beyond finance and cryptocurrencies. Moreover, different blockchain technologies have evolved that ...target special requirements. As a result, in practice, often a combination of different blockchain systems is required to achieve an overall goal. However, due to the heterogeneity of blockchain protocols, the execution of distributed business transactions that span several blockchains leads to multiple interoperability and integration challenges. Therefore, in this article, we examine the domain of Cross-Chain Smart Contract Invocations (CCSCIs), which are distributed transactions that involve the invocation of smart contracts hosted on two or more blockchain systems. We conduct a systematic multi-vocal literature review to get an overview of the available CCSCI approaches. We select 20 formal literature studies and 13 high-quality gray literature studies, extract data from them, and analyze it to derive the CCSCI Classification Framework. With the help of the framework, we group the approaches into two categories and eight subcategories. The approaches differ in multiple characteristics, e.g., the mechanisms they follow, and the capabilities and transaction processing semantics they offer. Our analysis indicates that all approaches suffer from obstacles that complicate real-world adoption, such as the low support for handling heterogeneity and the need for trusted third parties.
Many business organizations have information systems, but most still operate separately as a silo. The problem that arises is that there is ineffectiveness in the process that is in the application. ...So the need for an integrated information system that can access two or more systems in the organization is needed. The system integration process is carried out using Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) method at the application interface level. This method is used to integrate academic information systems (SIAMIK) and library information systems (SIPERPUS). The results of this study are that both applications are connected without changing source codes from both applications. The integrated system design can facilitate the admin in the process of registering new users from the SIPERPUS application.
Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) constitutes the cornerstone in enterprise IT landscapes that are characterized by heterogeneity and distribution. Starting from established Enterprise ...Integration Patterns (EIPs) such as Content-based Router and Aggregator, EIP compositions are built to describe, implement, and execute integration scenarios. The EIPs and their compositions must be correct at design and runtime in order to avoid functional errors or incomplete functionalities. However, current EAI system vendors use many of the EIPs as part of their proprietary integration scenario modeling languages that are not grounded on any formalism. This renders correctness guarantees for EIPs and their composition impossible. Thus this work advocates responsible EAI based on the formalization, implementation, and correctness of EIPs. For this, requirements on an EIP formalization are collected and based on these requirements an extension of db-net, i.e., timed db-net , is proposed, fully equipped with execution semantics. It is shown how EIPs can be realized based on timed db-nets and how the correctness of these realizations can be shown. Moreover, the simulation of EIP realizations based on timed db-nets is enabled which is essential for later implementation. The concepts are evaluated in many ways, including a proof-of-concept implementation and case studies. The EIP formalization based on timed db-nets constitutes the first step towards responsible EAI.
•Responsible EAI development based on formalized Enterprise Integration Patterns (EIP).•EIP formalization as timed db nets, fully equipped with execution semantics.•Correctness criterion and checks for EIP executions.•Prototype support for testing correctness for EIP realizations based on simulations.•Case studies (e.g., predictive maintenance) from SAP Cloud Integration.
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