Based on an unfinished manuscript by the late philosopher Dallas Willard, this book makes the case that the twentieth century saw a massive shift in Western beliefs and attitudes concerning the ...possibility of moral knowledge, such that knowledge of the moral life and of its conduct is no longer routinely available from the social institutions long thought to be responsible for it. In this sense, moral knowledge-as a publicly available resource for living-has disappeared. Via a detailed survey of main developments in ethical theory from the late nineteenth through the late twentieth centuries, Willard explains philosophy's role in this shift. In pointing out the shortcomings of these developments, he shows that the shift was not the result of rational argument or discovery, but largely of arational social forces-in other words, there was no good reason for moral knowledge to have disappeared.
The Disappearance of Moral Knowledge is a unique contribution to the literature on the history of ethics and social morality. Its review of historical work on moral knowledge covers a wide range of thinkers including T. H. Green, G. E. Moore, Charles L. Stevenson, John Rawls, and Alasdair MacIntyre. But, most importantly, it concludes with a novel proposal for how we might reclaim moral knowledge that is inspired by the phenomenological approach of Knud Løgstrup and Emmanuel Levinas. Edited and eventually completed by three of Willard's former graduate students, this book marks the culmination of Willard's project to find a secure basis in knowledge for the moral life.
Uncovering the historical roots of naturalistic, secular contemporary ethics, in this 2006 volume Michael Gill shows how the British moralists of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries completed a ...Copernican revolution in moral philosophy. They effected a shift from thinking of morality as independent of human nature to thinking of it as part of human nature itself. He also shows how the British Moralists - sometimes inadvertently, sometimes by design - disengaged ethical thinking, first from distinctly Christian ideas and then from theistic commitments altogether. Examining in detail the arguments of Whichcote, Cudworth, Shaftesbury, and Hutcheson against Calvinist conceptions of original sin and egoistic conceptions of human motivation, Gill also demonstrates how Hume combined the ideas of earlier British moralists with his own insights to produce an account of morality and human nature that undermined some of his predecessors' most deeply held philosophical goals.
Psychiatry Under the Influence investigates the actions and practices of the American Psychiatric Association and academic psychiatry in the United States, and presents it as a case study of ...institutional corruption.
In recent years, many disciplines have become interested in the scientific study of morality. However, a conceptual framework for this work is still lacking. InThe Moral Background, Gabriel Abend ...develops just such a framework and uses it to investigate the history of business ethics in the United States from the 1850s to the 1930s.
According to Abend, morality consists of three levels: moral and immoral behavior, or the behavioral level; moral understandings and norms, or the normative level; and the moral background, which includes what moral concepts exist in a society, what moral methods can be used, what reasons can be given, and what objects can be morally evaluated at all. This background underlies the behavioral and normative levels; it supports, facilitates, and enables them.
Through this perspective, Abend historically examines the work of numerous business ethicists and organizations-such as Protestant ministers, business associations, and business schools-and identifies two types of moral background. "Standards of Practice" is characterized by its scientific worldview, moral relativism, and emphasis on individuals' actions and decisions. The "Christian Merchant" type is characterized by its Christian worldview, moral objectivism, and conception of a person's life as a unity.
The Moral Backgroundoffers both an original account of the history of business ethics and a novel framework for understanding and investigating morality in general.
Objectives
To better understand what knowledge translation activities are effective and meaningful to Indigenous communities and what is required to advance knowledge translation in health research ...with, for, and by Indigenous communities.
Study design
Workshop and collaborative yarning.
Setting
Lowitja Institute International Indigenous Health Conference, Cairns, June 2023.
Participants
About 70 conference delegates, predominantly Indigenous people involved in research and Indigenous health researchers who shared their knowledge, experiences, and recommendations for knowledge translation through yarning and knowledge sharing.
Results
Four key themes were developed using thematic analysis: knowledge translation is fundamental to research and upholding community rights; knowledge translation approaches must be relevant to local community needs and ways of mobilising knowledge; researchers and research institutions must be accountable for ensuring knowledge translation is embedded, respected and implemented in ways that address community priorities; and knowledge translation must be planned and evaluated in ways that reflect Indigenous community measures of success.
Conclusion
Knowledge translation is fundamental to making research matter, and critical to ethical research. It must be embedded in all stages of research practice. Effective knowledge translation approaches are Indigenous‐led and move beyond Euro‐Western academic metrics. Institutions, funding bodies, and academics should embed structures required to uphold Indigenous knowledge translation. We join calls for reimaging health and medical research to embed Indigenous knowledge translation as a prerequisite for generative knowledge production that makes research matter.
A framework for rationing ventilators and critical care beds during the COVID-19 pandemic is proposed, in the event that ICUs find themselves with more patients than they can care for. The framework ...uses a score-based system that incorporates patients' likelihood of surviving to hospital discharge and beyond. It also takes into account their role in the public health response to the outbreak.
Clinical Ethics Myers, Kimberly R; Osborne, Molly L; Wu, Charlotte A ...
03/2022
eBook
Mr. Ito's children act as his informal translators, but his
doctor isn't sure their translations are accurate or complete. Is
Mr. Ito getting the medical information he needs?
Ten-year-old Hannah ...arrives for her checkup with a bruised nose
and an irritable father. Medical student Melanie is concerned for
Hannah's safety but wary of making accusations without
evidence.
Dr. Joshi worries that her patient is putting her husband, who
is also Dr. Joshi's patient, at risk by concealing a sexually
transmitted disease. How can she act in the interest of both
husband and wife without compromising doctor-patient
confidentiality?
Using the accessible and richly layered medium of comics, this
collection reveals how ethical dilemmas in medical practice play
out in real life. Designed for the classroom, Clinical
Ethics provides an excellent introduction to medical ethics
and presents case studies that will spark meaningful discussions
among students and practitioners. The topics covered include
patient autonomy, informed consent, unconscious bias, mandated
reporting, confidentiality, medical mistakes, surrogate
decision-making, and futility. The "Questions for Further
Reflection" and "Related Readings" sections provide additional
materials for a deeper exploration of the issues.
Co-created by experts in clinical medicine, ethics, literature,
and comics, Clinical Ethics presents a new way for
students and practitioners to engage with fundamental concerns in
medical ethics.
This open access textbook offers a practical guide into research ethics for undergraduate students in the social sciences. A step-by-step approach of the most viable issues, in-depth discussions of ...case histories and a variety of didactical tools will aid the student to grasp the issues at hand and help him or her develop strategies to deal with them. This book addresses problems and questions that any bachelor student in the social sciences should be aware of, including plagiarism, data fabrication and other types of fraud, data augmentation, various forms of research bias, but also peer pressure, issues with confidentiality and questions regarding conflicts of interest. Cheating, ‘free riding’, and broader issues that relate to the place of the social sciences in society are also included. The book concludes with a step-by-step approach designed to coach a student through a research application process.
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