Akturk discusses how the definition of being German, Soviet, Russian and Turkish radically changed at the turn of the twenty-first century. Germany's ethnic citizenship law, the Soviet Union's ...inscription of ethnic origins in personal identification documents and Turkey's prohibition on the public use of minority languages, all implemented during the early twentieth century, underpinned the definition of nationhood in these countries. Despite many challenges from political and societal actors, these policies did not change for many decades, until around the turn of the twenty-first century, when Russia removed ethnicity from the internal passport, Germany changed its citizenship law and Turkish public television began broadcasting in minority languages. Using a new typology of 'regimes of ethnicity' and a close study of primary documents and numerous interviews, Sener Akturk argues that the coincidence of three key factors – counterelites, new discourses and hegemonic majorities – explains successful change in state policies toward ethnicity.
IntroductionThe Crisis and Home Treatment Teams (CRHT) in psychiatry manages patients with risk to self and others in the community. The number of patents under CRHT who attempt or die of suicide is ...high in the UK (Hunt et al BJPsych Bull. 2016;40:172-4). The CRHT is an option to help support patients in managing their risk using various interventions and also aim to prevent admission to acute psychiatric wards where possible.ObjectivesWe intended to study the change in risk to self and others and the factors associated with it during the intervention from a CRHT taking care of adult patients in the West Midlands region of England.MethodsThe study was conducted as a service evaluation of patients admitted under the CRHT. Data was collected from the case records, for 100 patients for whom details were available. Risk to self and others were checked, along with overall risk as red (highest risk), amber (intermediate risk) and green (low risk). Demographic and clinical information was collected and the data quality was checked.ResultsThere were 46 male and 54 female patients in the study, with mean age of 40.4 ± 12.4 and 40.2 ± 12.8 Years respectively (not significant). They were comparable in number of diagnoses (mean 1.2 each) and number of days (22.2 ± 13.1 v 20.2 ± 17.8) in CRHT respectively. There was no significant association of risk with gender (56.3% females and 44.2% of males), being on benefits or type of accommodation the service users live at. Similarly, there was no significant difference of risk of self-harm based on ethnicity; it was noted that 61.2% of patients of British White ethnicity had a risk of self on admission compared to 41.7% Black and ethnic minority patients. On admission, 89% of patients were categorised as red, amber 8% and 1% green; which changed to 18%, 2% and 77% respectively (missing data was not included, so percentages do not add up to 100%). The risk to self was present in 46% on admission and 18% on discharge (p<0.005); and in 14% this risk continued without change. The risk to others on admission was recorded in 12% which was at 1% on the point of discharge (p<0.05). Eight people had both risk to self and others. In 15 patients the risk continued to remain in red category, while in two patients it changed from amber to red.ConclusionsThe risk levels for patients admitted under the CRHT improved. The majority with overall high risk changed to majority presenting as low risk on discharge. The percentage of patients portraying a risk to self and others also decreased from admission to discharge. Although there was considerable decrease in risk, a proportion of patients did not have any change, or even an increase in their risk, which highlights need for additional risk management strategy for these patients in CRHT.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the pre-intervention phase of a multicenter, multinational before-and-after study engaging families in the hands-on care of the patient so that they feel ...more empowered in the ICU. Families who identified race as 'Other' were more likely to use the sense of touch (applied lotion, held patient's hands, assist with turning) to help care for their loved ones than whites (p= 0.05) Conclusions: Different races and ethnicities have varying preferences on how to provide support and get involved in the care of their loved ones care through the stressful time of being in the ICU.
IntroductionStudies demonstrate pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can decrease HIV transmission among heterosexual men and women. To inform targeted promotional campaigns, it is necessary to identify ...those most likely to benefit from this intervention and assess their knowledge and attitudes towards PrEP.MethodsWe recruited individuals>18 years old from 4 community-based rapid HIV counselling and testing sites in Philadelphia. They completed a brief survey and screener for PrEP eligibility. Eligibility was based on reporting “yes” to: sex with a partner of unknown or HIV positive status, sex in exchange for drugs/money, recent sexually transmitted infection, or syringe sharing. Chi-squared tests were used to examine factors associated with eligibility, knowledge, and attitudes among 111 self-identified heterosexuals.ResultsThe sample is 61% male, with race/ethnicity of Black (48%), Latino (40%), White (9%) and other (3%), and median age 44. 31% screened PrEP eligible. Among males and females, eligibility was associated with reporting sex exchange, sex with persons of unknown HIV status, and recent STI (all p<0.05). By race/ethnicity, only syringe sharing differs significantly: 41.7% of Latinos, 42.9% of White participants and no Black or Other participants (p<0.04) reported sharing. Only 24% of participants had heard of PrEP; knowledge did not vary by group. A sizable minority reported concerns about side effects (44%) and talking to a doctor about PrEP (30%). However, 23% were extremely likely or somewhat likely (30%) to use PrEP to prevent HIV in the future.ConclusionWe identified a diverse and at-risk heterosexual population within community-based HIV counselling and testing. Most participants were unaware of PrEP, signifying promotional information is not reaching this population. Having rapid HIV testers screen for PrEP eligibility and educate clients about PrEP may be an effective way to increase PrEP awareness and acceptability among heterosexuals.
This article traces some deficits related to the school dropping out and its essence as well as various personal qualities that can be considered as a prerequisite for the educational activity. The ...article presents various personal qualities that are associated with a positive attitude towards education and students' assessment of these qualities through the prism of ethnicity. The study shows the pursuit of qualities related to ethics in communication, sociability, autonomy, i.e. areas describing peer interactions and seeking independence from adults, and reducing control. These personal qualities do not depend on ethnicity. Adolescents strive for those qualities that allow them self-regulation, contact skills, and coping with their social world, in which, however, the school has its place.
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