Akturk discusses how the definition of being German, Soviet, Russian and Turkish radically changed at the turn of the twenty-first century. Germany's ethnic citizenship law, the Soviet Union's ...inscription of ethnic origins in personal identification documents and Turkey's prohibition on the public use of minority languages, all implemented during the early twentieth century, underpinned the definition of nationhood in these countries. Despite many challenges from political and societal actors, these policies did not change for many decades, until around the turn of the twenty-first century, when Russia removed ethnicity from the internal passport, Germany changed its citizenship law and Turkish public television began broadcasting in minority languages. Using a new typology of 'regimes of ethnicity' and a close study of primary documents and numerous interviews, Sener Akturk argues that the coincidence of three key factors – counterelites, new discourses and hegemonic majorities – explains successful change in state policies toward ethnicity.
Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the pre-intervention phase of a multicenter, multinational before-and-after study engaging families in the hands-on care of the patient so that they feel ...more empowered in the ICU. Families who identified race as 'Other' were more likely to use the sense of touch (applied lotion, held patient's hands, assist with turning) to help care for their loved ones than whites (p= 0.05) Conclusions: Different races and ethnicities have varying preferences on how to provide support and get involved in the care of their loved ones care through the stressful time of being in the ICU.
IntroductionStudies demonstrate pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can decrease HIV transmission among heterosexual men and women. To inform targeted promotional campaigns, it is necessary to identify ...those most likely to benefit from this intervention and assess their knowledge and attitudes towards PrEP.MethodsWe recruited individuals>18 years old from 4 community-based rapid HIV counselling and testing sites in Philadelphia. They completed a brief survey and screener for PrEP eligibility. Eligibility was based on reporting “yes” to: sex with a partner of unknown or HIV positive status, sex in exchange for drugs/money, recent sexually transmitted infection, or syringe sharing. Chi-squared tests were used to examine factors associated with eligibility, knowledge, and attitudes among 111 self-identified heterosexuals.ResultsThe sample is 61% male, with race/ethnicity of Black (48%), Latino (40%), White (9%) and other (3%), and median age 44. 31% screened PrEP eligible. Among males and females, eligibility was associated with reporting sex exchange, sex with persons of unknown HIV status, and recent STI (all p<0.05). By race/ethnicity, only syringe sharing differs significantly: 41.7% of Latinos, 42.9% of White participants and no Black or Other participants (p<0.04) reported sharing. Only 24% of participants had heard of PrEP; knowledge did not vary by group. A sizable minority reported concerns about side effects (44%) and talking to a doctor about PrEP (30%). However, 23% were extremely likely or somewhat likely (30%) to use PrEP to prevent HIV in the future.ConclusionWe identified a diverse and at-risk heterosexual population within community-based HIV counselling and testing. Most participants were unaware of PrEP, signifying promotional information is not reaching this population. Having rapid HIV testers screen for PrEP eligibility and educate clients about PrEP may be an effective way to increase PrEP awareness and acceptability among heterosexuals.
This article traces some deficits related to the school dropping out and its essence as well as various personal qualities that can be considered as a prerequisite for the educational activity. The ...article presents various personal qualities that are associated with a positive attitude towards education and students' assessment of these qualities through the prism of ethnicity. The study shows the pursuit of qualities related to ethics in communication, sociability, autonomy, i.e. areas describing peer interactions and seeking independence from adults, and reducing control. These personal qualities do not depend on ethnicity. Adolescents strive for those qualities that allow them self-regulation, contact skills, and coping with their social world, in which, however, the school has its place.
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