Abstract
Spodoptera exigua
is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous pest. Botanical pesticides are an alternative technique to control
S. exigua
. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an ethyl acetate ...extract of
Nothaphoebe coriacea
Kosterm bark (EEN) on the biological activity of
S. exigua
larvae and to determine the most effective concentration to manage
S. exigua
. This experiment was arranged on a single factor completely randomized design with the concentration level as a factor. Botanical pesticide formulated from ethyl acetate solvent in maceration extraction. The test was carried out by dipping the leaf mustard into the treatment solution and then feeding it to 10
S. exigua
larvae. The result showed the EEN had an 0.5% extract content with bioactive from the alkaloids and tannins groups. Mortality and feeding inhibition showed good responses to the biological activity test. However, the mortality rate test revealed different responses the most effective concentration of EEN was 0.5%. This concentration has a mortality of 92% and kill 3.6 individuals per hour, but has a low feeding inhibition of 72.82%. A botanical pesticide from EEN can be developed to control
S. exigua
. The LC
50
obtained from the application of the EEN to
S. exigua
larvae was 0.062%. EEN has the potential to be developed as a botanical pesticide.
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•The mechanism of catalytic oxidation of ethyl acetate were summarized.•The catalysts for degradation of ethyl acetate were compared.•The process influencing factors of ethyl acetate ...oxidation were discussed.•The different conditions of mixed oxidation of ethyl acetate were analyzed.
The widespread use of ethyl acetate in the paint, food and chemical industries has resulted in large quantities of emissions that pose a threat to the environment and human health. Catalytic oxidation is suitable as an efficient method without secondary pollution to degrade ethyl acetate. In this review, we present the catalytic oxidation of ethyl acetate in terms of mechanism, catalysts, process influencing factors and mixed oxidation. The effects of acidic sites and oxygen species on the oxidation process of ethyl acetate and the factors affecting intermediate products are discussed. Comparative overviews of the progress and performance of noble metal, transition metal and monolithic catalysts in the catalytic oxidation of ethyl acetate are presented respectively. The effects of space velocity, feed concentration and water on the conversion of ethyl acetate are illustrated. The mixed oxidation between ethyl acetate and other VOCs is summarized. Finally, we recommend the future trends and challenges in the catalytic oxidation of ethyl acetate.
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•High quality perovskite films are obtained via ethyl acetate as green anti-solvent.•Long charge carrier lifetime and low carrier recombination rate are achieved.•A power conversion ...efficiency of 17.83% is obtained with a small J-V hysteresis in air.•The air, operational and thermal stability of SnO2 based perovskite solar cells are improved.
One-step antisolvent deposition has been considered as one of the most feasible methods to obtain high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, most of the reported high-performance PSCs are based on the toxic anti-solvents, which is a major issue for the potential commercialization of PSCs. SnO2 has been successfully used as an efficient electron transport layer (ETL) material in PSCs, but the preparation of low-temperature processed crystallization SnO2 ETLs is still a challenge. In this work, ethyl acetate (EA) as a green antisolvent is introduced into the perovskite crystallization process, resulting in uniform and compact perovskite films with large grain size, reduced grain boundaries, and low defect density. Low-temperature (100 °C) processed SnO2 ETL provides good interface contact between ETL and perovskite layer, facilitating photoelectron extraction and transport. As a result, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.83% has been achieved. More importantly, unencapsulated PSC retains 84.80% of its original PCE value after storage in atmosphere for 80 days (>1900 h). Apart from great air stability, the final devices also show excellent thermal (100 °C) stability. It is particularly noteworthy that all the preparation and measurement processes were performed under ambient conditions. These findings present a green path towards manufacturing efficient and stable air-processed PSCs.
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•The reversible esterification of acetic acid and ethanol was greatly intensified by coupling with PV.•A high-flux and acid-resistant MOR zeolite membrane was applied to remarkably ...improve conversion.•A high conversion (99.3%) was obtained in a short reaction time of 480 min.•The membrane showed good acidic stability in the esterification after 8 reaction cycles.
Esterification coupled with pervaporation (PV) is an effective method to improve conversion by thoroughlyand rapidly removing the water product. In this study, a high-flux and acid-resistant mordenite (MOR) zeolite membrane was applied to enhance the esterification of acetic acid and ethanol. The effects of catalysts, catalyst loading, reaction temperature and initial acid/alcohol molar ratio on the conversion of ethanol for the esterification with PV were investigated systematically. Results showed that a high conversion (99.3%) was obtained in a short reaction time of 480 min when the operating conditions were optimized as reaction temperature of 353 K, concentrated H2SO4 catalyst loading of 0.1 wt% and initial acid/alcohol molar ratio of 1.5:1. The conversion of esterification without PV reached equilibrium was 76.7% but enhanced to 99.3% with PV in 480 min. The conversion of ethanol was up to 98.4% even at a low initial acid/alcohol molar ratio of 1.2:1. Importantly, the membrane showed good acidic stability in the esterification with PV after 8 reaction cycles. Thus through the coupling of PV and esterification, the conversion of ethanol was greatly improved due to the water from esterification was removed timely. On the other hand, the usage of acetic acid could be reduced, which enormously decreased the energy consumption in the production process.
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•BMIMHSO4 was a high catalytic activity catalyst for preparation of ethyl acetate.•NIH and IH kinetic models were used to deal with the experimental data.•The NIH model was found with ...a better fit of the experimental data than IH model.•BMIMHSO4 showed great application in reactive distillation (RD) simulation process.•RD process simulation results agreed well with the experimental data.
This study explicates the preparation of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) via esterification of acetic acid and ethanol over brønsted acid ionic liquid (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, BMIMHSO4) as catalyst. The ideal homogeneous (IH) and non-ideal homogeneous (NIH) models were applied to describe reaction kinetics and the model parameters were obtained by data fitting, where NIH model showed higher accuracy and confirmed the higher catalytic efficiency of BMIMHSO4 than Amberlyst 15. A novel reactive distillation (RD) flow-sheet for EtOAc production using BMIMHSO4 was designed and performed by Aspen Plus, in which the obtained reaction kinetic equations were formulated in the setting module of RADFRAC block. The optimal conditions of catalyst dosage, plate number, feed position, feed molar ratio, liquid holdup and reflux ratio for RD process were obtained by taking the EtOAc concentration in product stream as objective function and was found with maximum content of 90.44wt.% with less than 3 % deviation. Keeping the high yield and simple mechanization, this approach can provide a feasible RD process design for EtOAc production using BMIMHSO4 as high-activity catalyst and can be envisaged as an alternative route for the industrial production of EtOAc.
The CeO2-TiO2@MnOx catalyst was prepared by the co-precipitation method and applied to the photothermocatalysis system of ethyl acetate and NO simultaneous degradation under H2O at low temperature, ...which introduced Ce into TiO2@MnOx hollow sphere structure. The optimum TiO2/MnOx ratio and Ce introducing amount were obtained in the process. Among of them, the NO and ethyl acetate conversion percentage of TiO2@MnOx (nMn:nTi = 40:40) is 74% and 62% at 240 °C, respectively. CeO2-TiO2@MnOx (nMn-Ti:nCe = 1:1) exhibits the best catalytic performance, its efficiency for NO conversion is 83% and the conversion of ethyl acetate reaches 72% at 240 °C. In addition, it is confirmed that the Ce-doped nanocomposites have more uniform dispersion through various characterization and analysis methods. Meanwhile, these catalysts have a large specific surface area as well as a large number of surface-active oxygen and oxygen vacancies. It can further improve the catalytic performance based on the adjusted ratio of active components. Moreover, this work investigated the relationship between multi-metal interactions and catalytic performance in the presence of H2O. Finally, the possible reaction pathways for the simultaneous removal of NO and ethyl acetate were explored in our system.
The catalyst Ce-TiO2@MnOx with Ce introduced into TiO2@MnOx hollow sphere structure was prepared by the co-precipitation method and applied to the photothermocatalysis degradation of ethyl acetate and NO under H2O at low temperature. The NO and ethyl acetate conversions of TiO2@MnOx (nMn:nTi = 40:40) are 74% and 62% at 240 °C. And the catalytic performance of Ce-TiO2@MnOx (nMn-Ti:nCe = 1:1) is the best, when the conversion of NO reaches 83% and the conversion of ethyl acetate reaches 72% at 240 °C. This work investigated the relationship between multi-metal interactions and catalytic performance in the presence of H2O. Display omitted
•Ce-TiO2@MnOx catalyst was prepared.•NO and ethyl acetate simultaneously abatement.•Catalytic reaction under photothermal condition.•The catalytic mechanism was analyzed.
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•A series of transition metal cordierite-based monolithic catalysts were prepared.•Mn/Al2O3/COR shows excellent ethyl acetate (EA) oxidation activity and water resistance.•Surface ...oxygen species (Oβ) play vital roles in EA activation and intermediate generation.•Low content water vapor (≤1 vol%) promotes EA activation and ethanol formation.•Water vapor leads to the decline of Oβ and formation of large-size hard coke.
The reduction and control of VOCs from anthropogenic sources becomes a research hotspot due to their tremendous environment hazards. Fabricating efficient and applicable noble-metal-free monolithic catalysts is still a great challenge for industrial VOC economical removal. In this work, cordierite-based honeycomb monolithic catalysts (M/Al2O3/COR; M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) were synthesized by a versatile and scalable wash-coating method and adopted for ethyl acetate (EA) catalytic oxidation. Mn/Al2O3/COR possesses remarkable activity with 90% of ethyl acetate (EA) oxidized at 236 °C owing to abundant surface active oxygen species. Moreover, excellent stability and water resistance of Mn/Al2O3/COR were observed during long-term successive reaction. In situ DRIFTS results reveal that the decomposition of EA to ethanol is the main pathway under humid conditions, and the presence of low content water vapor (≤1 vol%) promotes EA conversion ascribed to the presence of abundant OH derived from H2O dissociation; however, further increasing of water concentration inhibits EA conversion. The adsorption of OH over oxygen vacancies inhibits the generation of surface oxygen species and blocks further oxidation of intermediates to form acetate, leading to the reduction of CO2 yield and formation of coke aggregates. This work will provide instructive and feasible references for designing of VOC oxidation catalysts under practical reaction conditions.
Bovani RP, Liwanda N, Batubara I, Ambarsari L, Nurcholis W. 2024. Phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of ethyl acetate extracts from fifteen Orthosiphon aristatus leaves genotypes. ...Biodiversitas 25: 763-769. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq., also known as kumis kucing in Indonesia, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family that contains various phytochemical compounds with antioxidant properties. This study investigated the phenolic content, flavonoid, rosmarinic acid, sinensetin, and antioxidant capacity of 15 genotypes of O. aristatus ethyl acetate extracts. Therefore, 15 genotypes were analyzed using quercetin as the standard for Total Phenolic Content (TPC) using a colorimetric method with gallic acid and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC). Sinensentin and rosmarinic acid were measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant capacity was determined using Trolox as a standard antioxidant by 2-Diphenyl Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The results revealed a diverse range of phytochemical compounds, with total phenolic content ranging from 3.39 to 13.80 mg GAE/g DW, total flavonoid content from 0.20 to 1.43 mg QE/g DW, rosmarinic acid from 0.02 to 0.19 mg/g DW, and sinensetin from 1.61 to 21.67 mg/g DW. Furthermore, the antioxidant assays demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy, with DPPH ranging from 2.09 to 13.98 ?mol TE/g DW and FRAP from 0.07 to 2.96 ?mol TE/g DW. Genotypes A10, A11, and A12 exhibited superior phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacities, highlighting their potential as valuable sources of medicinal compounds.
Ruthenium-based bimetallic catalysts 1Ru–5M/TiO2 (M = Co, Ce, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni) were prepared and evaluated in ethyl acetate oxidation. 1Ru–5Cu/TiO2 contributed the best catalytic performance. ...Systematic in situ FTIR and DFT studies were conducted, and a reaction mechanism for ethyl acetate oxidation over Ru–Cu bimetallic catalyst was proposed.
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•1Ru–5Cu/TiO2 contributed the best catalytic performance among the 1Ru–5 M/TiO2 catalysts.•The Ru–Cu bimetallic synergistic effect was confirmed in ethyl acetate oxidation.•In situ FTIR and DFT studies were conducted to reveal the catalytic process.•A reaction mechanism was proposed for ethyl acetate oxidation over Ru–Cu bimetallic catalysts.
In this work, ruthenium-based bimetallic catalysts of 1Ru-5 M/TiO2 (M = Co, Ce, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni) were prepared and evaluated in ethyl acetate oxidation. It was found that 1Ru-5Cu/TiO2 gave the highest catalytic activity. The influence of CuO content and the preparation method on the catalytic activity was also studied. 1Ru-5Cu/TiO2 showed great catalytic stability in the on-stream reaction test. The influence of H2O on the catalytic activity is presented. The bimetallic catalyst 1Ru-5Cu/TiO2 showed better catalytic performance than the monometallic catalysts 1Ru/TiO2 and 5Cu/TiO2. XRD, TEM, HAADF-STEM, H2-TPR, and XPS characterizations were conducted, and the synergistic effect between Ru and Cu was well presented. In situ FTIR studies were also conducted, and the reaction intermediates were revealed on the catalyst surface. The theoretical calculations suggested that ethyl acetate is more easily adsorbed on the CuO surface, while it reacts more easily on the RuO2 surface. Accordingly, a reaction mechanism for the catalytic oxidation of ethyl acetate over a Ru-Cu bimetallic catalyst is proposed.
