This collection chronicles the tumultuous history of landowning African American farmers from the end of the Civil War to today. Each essay provides a case study of people in one place at a ...particular time and the factors that affected their ability to acquire, secure, and protect their land.
The contributors walk readers through a century and a half of African American agricultural history, from the strivings of black farm owners in the immediate post-emancipation period to the efforts of contemporary black farm owners to receive justice through the courts for decades of discrimination by the U.S Department of Agriculture. They reveal that despite enormous obstacles, by 1920 a quarter of African American farm families owned their land, and demonstrate that farm ownership was not simply a departure point for black migrants seeking a better life but a core component of the African American experience.
Black, White, and Green Alkon, Alison Hope; Cowen, Deborah; Heynen, Nik ...
11/2012, Letnik:
13
eBook
Farmers markets are much more than places to buy produce. According to advocates for sustainable food systems, they are also places to "vote with your fork" for environmental protection, vibrant ...communities, and strong local economies. Farmers markets have become essential to the movement for food-system reform and are a shining example of a growing green economy where consumers can shop their way to social change. Black, White, and Green brings new energy to this topic by exploring dimensions of race and class as they relate to farmers markets and the green economy. With a focus on two Bay Area markets-one in the primarily white neighborhood of North Berkeley, and the other in largely black West Oakland-Alison Hope Alkon investigates the possibilities for social and environmental change embodied by farmers markets and the green economy. Drawing on ethnographic and historical sources, Alkon describes the meanings that farmers market managers, vendors, and consumers attribute to the buying and selling of local organic food, and the ways that those meanings are raced and classed. She mobilizes this research to understand how the green economy fosters visions of social change that are compatible with economic growth while marginalizing those that are not. Black, White, and Green is one of the first books to carefully theorize the green economy, to examine the racial dynamics of food politics, and to approach issues of food access from an environmental-justice perspective. In a practical sense, Alkon offers an empathetic critique of a newly popular strategy for social change, highlighting both its strengths and limitations.
Os últimos anos foram marcados por grandes mudanças no cenário político, políticas públicas para Reforma Agrária e Agricultura Familiar foram cortadas, diminuindo assim, as possibilidades de ...comercialização para o mercado institucional. Isso gerou um cenário de insegurança para alguns agricultores familiares, que tiveram que buscar outras formas de se organizar e escoar a sua produção. Este artigo visa estudar a criação, trajetória e mobilização da Cooperativa da Agricultura Familiar de Americana (Cooperflora) ligada ao Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) estabelecida no Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (PDS) Milton Santos, na comercialização em circuitos curtos e descrever como a organização da cooperativa contribuiu para a permanência do agricultor no campo. Para atingir os objetivos propostos foi feito um estudo de caso junto a Cooperflora, para condução do artigo utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa descritiva e exploratória e como procedimento de coleta de dados utilizou-se de entrevistas. Com o estudo conseguimos conhecer como se deu a criação da cooperativa e como os agricultores estão se organizando para escoar os seus produtos. Conclui-se o papel fundamental da organização coletiva como uma forma de ação educativa e para promoção desenvolvimento rural.
Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los factores que causan los problemas de los agricultores de algas. La investigacion es descriptiva. Los sujetos del estudio fueron productores de algas de ...varios paises en Sidoarjo, Java Oriental. Los resultados indicaron que aumentar la sensibilidad de los agricultores en la captura de oportunidades de mercado podria aumentar a traves del emprendimiento. Se puede llevar a cabo mediante el desarrollo de innovaciones de productos, como la produccion de palos, fideos y galletas de algas. Ademas, al involucrar tecnologia, puede aumentar la calidad y los productos competitivos.
The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of supplementation of guava (Psidium guajava) fruit waste (GFW) on nutrient utilization in crossbred (Hampshire x Ghungroo) grower pigs. Eighteen ...grower pigs (weighing 11.4-11.6 kg) of either sex were divided into three groups of six each in randomized block design. The experimental pigs were fed with diets namely standard grower ration (SGR) supplemented with 0% GFW, 5% GFW and 10% GFW, respectively, by replacing maize grain in T.sub.1, T and T groups. The average dry matter intake, digestibility co-efficients (%) of nutrients were increased (P<0.01; P<0.05) with increased level of GFW in experimental diet. Nitrogen balance (g/d) was found positive across all groups. The study, concluded that guava fruit waste can be supplemented at 10 percent level in grower crossbred pigs for better nutrient utilization and also to reduce the feed cost. Keywords: Crossbred; guava fruit waste; nutrient; pig; utilization
BackgroundFarmers are very resilient and resourceful. After experiencing an injury that limits their mobility, they will often fabricate an adaptation that will enable them to return to farming. A ...review of homemade and commercial assistive technology products will be shown. The discussion will include the pros and cons of the different solutions in relation to re-injury and secondary injury.MethodsThrough a project that assists farmers with disabilities and chronic health conditions, we have aided over 150 individuals to date with worksite accommodations and modifications. Once a farmer enters the program, a worksite assessment is completed that analyses tasks necessary to perform their job. After reviewing how the tasks are currently being performed, recommendations are made for safer and more effective alternatives that often involve adaptive equipment.ResultsFarmers, when faced with disabilities and chronic health conditions, are very resourceful and will find creative ways to complete their tasks. However, many of these solutions may not be the safest alternative and often commercial solutions are more effective. The majority of the farmers in the project were unaware of technologies available to them. Implementation of the recommended solutions indicated a reduction of re-injury and the occurrence of secondary injuries.ConclusionsFarmers with disabilities and service professionals need to be aware of the various assistive technologies available. By using proper adaptive equipment and implementing worksite modifications, farmers can safely do many of the tasks they did before their illness or injury.
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