The Chora of Metaponto 6 Silvestrelli, Francesca; Edlund-Berry, Ingrid E. M; Carter, Joseph Coleman
09/2016
eBook
The sixth volume in the Institute of Classical Archaeology's series on the rural countryside (chora) of Metaponto is a study of the Greek settlement at Sant'Angelo Vecchio. Located on a slope ...overlooking the Basento River, the site illustrates the extraordinary variety of settlements and uses of the territory from prehistory through the current day. Excavators brought to light a Late Archaic farmhouse, evidence of a sanctuary near a spring, and a cluster of eight burials of the mid-fifth century BC, but the most impressive remains belong to a production area with kilns. Active in the Hellenistic, Late Republican, and Early Imperial periods, these kilns illuminate important and lesser-known features of production in the chora of a Greek city and also chronicle the occupation of the territory in these periods.The thorough, diachronic presentation of the evidence from Sant'Angelo Vecchio is complemented by specialist studies on the environment, landscape, and artifacts, which date from prehistory to the post-medieval period. Significantly, the evidence spans the range of Greek site types (farmhouse, necropolis, sanctuary, and production center) as well as the Greek dates (from the Archaic to Early Imperial periods) highlighted during ICA's survey of the Metapontine chora. In this regard, Chora 6 enhances the four volumes of The Chora of Metaponto 3: Archaeological Field Survey—Bradano to Basento and provides further insight into how sites in the chora interacted throughout its history.
The architect Hans Döllgast (1891–1974) has steadily gained in international recognition. His works of postwar reconstruction in Munich have been heralded as original contributions to modern ...architecture that resist historiographic classifications, such as modernist vs regionalist, avant garde vs traditionalist, or internationalist vs nationalist. Döllgast was also a revered pedagogue and prolific author, and his varied writings have yet to receive much scholarly attention. Döllgast’s books and essays present a significant body of sources that shed light on the complexity of architectural discourse in the formative years of modern architecture in Germany. This article considers Döllgast’s study of farmhouse ‘parlours’, entitled Alte und neue Bauernstuben (‘Old and New Farmhouse Parlours’) was first published in 1937. It was both his most popular book and the one that critics and historians have paid least attention to. Though it may appear antiquarian at first glance, it is in fact both critical and contemporary in spirit. Döllgast’s study sheds light upon his mature thinking about the relevance of the vernacular for the modern house. It also serves to question a general assumption in the existing literature that Döllgast only engaged with tenets of modern architecture after the war, having been a regionalist aloof from the discourse of the modern movement prior to the war. Scholars have shown that the loaded motif of the vernacular was never the sole preserve of anti-modernist conservatives and played a significant, if ambivalent, role within modernist discourse, from the late Wilhelmine period to postwar West Germany. While it reflects these wider trends, Alte und neue Bauernstuben also eschews alignment with the dominant strands of architectural discourse of its time by charting an independent-minded path in the context of imposed totalitarian uniformity. Döllgast’s text thus stands out in modern architectural discourse less for adducing the farmhouse as such, than for developing such a close, multifaceted reading of a particular vernacular interior, while alluding to more than elaborating its relevance for contemporary architecture. Ultimately, Döllgast’s study served him to develop a practical phenomenology of dwelling.
•A new interlayer ventilated PCM component was proposed and developed.•A new PCM component model was established in TRNSYS.•The interlayer ventilated PCM component can increase the minimum ...temperature of the room by more than 2℃ at night.
The application of solar energy for heating in buildings has the problem of heat supply and demand time mismatch. In this paper, an interlayer ventilated phase change material (PCM) component (IVPC) that can be coupled with solar air collector was proposed. The thermal performance of IVPC was tested through experiments. The results show that if IVPC completes latent heat storage, the optimal air supply temperature of solar hot air is 35 ∼ 45℃ and the air supply speed is 3 ∼ 4 m/s. The latent heat release time can be maintained for 5 h. To build an IVPC coupled with solar air collector system (IVPSS) in TRNSYS, to simulate the improvement effect of IVPC on heating temperature fluctuations, a rural building in cold regions of China was selected. IVPSS can maintain the indoor temperature of the building in the range of 8 ∼ 16℃. Compared with buildings without IVPSS, the room temperature throughout the day can be increased by 5 ∼ 8℃. IVPC can effectively use solar energy to peak load shifting, reduce room temperature fluctuations, improve indoor thermal comfort, and provide solutions for farmhouses in cold regions to use clean energy for heating.
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•The infrastructure of an irrigation system is used to store surplus PV power.•A management system is developed to meet both energy demand and water demand.•The proposed system is ...modelled and simulated for a whole year using real data.•Economic aspects of integrating a pump hydro storage into a farmhouse are analysed.
This paper investigates the value of using existing irrigation infrastructure to store surplus photovoltaic energy in a farmhouse. The irrigation system includes a reservoir and a water well. The depth of the water well is used to store energy in the form of gravitational potential energy. Throughout the day, photovoltaic energy is used to pump water from the bottom of a well to the reservoir at ground level, where this stored water is then used to meet demand by releasing the water back to the well through a hydro turbine. A controller is designed to manage the pump and the turbine efficiently to reduce daily electricity costs of the farmhouse. The proposed method is validated experimentally with a real pump and a turbine. The controller manages the pump power and turbine flow rate considering the losses of storage, the feed-in income, and the cost-saving for each decision. The proposed system is also simulated in MATLAB for a whole year using real data to investigate the economic aspects of this storage in different seasons with different irradiance, weather, energy demand, and water demand profiles.
The main objective of the article is to inform about the construction-technical survey, which focuses on the existing roofing of a pool area. The pool area is a separate object annexed to the ...historic farmhouse dating from the mid-19th century. Roofing of the pool area is made of a green roof. The main research issues stem from the building-technical survey focused on the green roof disorders. After detecting the faults, we look for their causes and find out which faults are fatal to the building and which can be easily removed. From the evaluated constructions, we focus primarily on the solution of the green roof in terms of correctly executed roof slope, plating, thermal technical properties of the materials, inherent weight of the structure and execution of individual layers of the composition of the green roof. Furthermore, we focus on determining the compliance of project documentation with the construction. We assess the impact of failures on the structure and operation of the building. In the conclusion we propose measures based on the found failures and possibilities for the solved structure.
Land use and land cover changes over 1973–2017 period in peripheral Delhi were mapped based on digital classification of satellite data and their driving forces ascertained. Urban area expanded and ...agricultural area diminished at annual rates of 38.6% and 2.1%, respectively, during the 1973–2017 period. Urban expansion occurred more in scrub and sparse vegetation areas than in cultivated lands or ponds. Loss of cultivated land happened mostly due to abandonment of cropping and tree planting in farmhouses developed by the urban elites. Improvement in the state of forests in terms of their expansion as well as densification offsets their loss due to urbanisation, encroachment and logging. The increment in the green cover was due to strict enforcement of compensatory afforestation/forest conservation law, growing demand of ecotourism, emergence of tree-clad farmhouses and increased environmental awareness and surveillance. This research will help in comprehending policies favouring sustainable urban development.
Climate change effects on host–parasite interactions have been poorly studied in arid or semi-arid habitats. Here, we conducted an experiment aimed to increase the temperature inside European roller ...Coracias garrulus nest boxes located in a semi-arid habitat on different nest-site types to look for effects on different ectoparasite abundances and nestling growth. Average nest temperature was slightly higher in heated nests than in control nests, although differences were not statistically significant. However, relative humidity was significantly lower at night in heated nests as compared to control nests. The abundance of sand flies, mites and carnid flies was significantly higher in heated, less humid, nests while biting midge abundance was significantly lower in heated nests. Other ectoparasites were not significantly affected by treatment. Relative humidity was high even in heated nests, reaching more than 60%. Sand fly abundance was higher in nests located in sandstone walls, while mite abundance was higher in isolated farmhouses. In addition, sand fly prevalence was higher in nests located in isolated farmhouses and sandstone walls. Heat treatment, nest-site type or ectoparasite abundances did not affect the nestling body mass, wing length or their growth at different nestling ages.
1. Full understanding of the dynamics of host–parasite interactions requires elucidation of the principles governing host colonisation. With respect to mobile parasites, little is known about their ...dispersal behaviour and the factors affecting host colonisation success.
2. Here, the effect of parasite density manipulations on the colonisation success of the carnid fly Carnus hemapterus, an avian ectoparasite, was experimentally explored.
3. Most host nests were colonised within the same breeding season, but the abundance of flies colonising the nests varied broadly both within and between years.
4. Experimental increase in the density of carnid flies in the vicinity of host nests did not result in higher parasite abundance in these nests. Host colonisation success in terms of parasite abundance was not related to indices of parasite density around host nests.
5. Parasite abundance in colonised host nests was positively related to host density and brood mass and negatively related to date. Host nests in trees held fewer carnid flies than those on cliffs and farmhouses.
6. The dispersal ability of C. hemapterus is apt for rapid colonisation of new host nests, but it is unable to explain the broad heterogeneity in parasite abundance between host nests.
High colonisation success in terms of prevalence was detected in an actively dispersing ectoparasite.
Increase of local abundance of dispersing parasites did not result in higher colonisation success in terms of parasite abundance.
Host density (but not parasite density), nest‐site type, and brood mass shaped colonisation success in terms of parasite abundance.
Human activities and biological invasions have caused unprecedented biodiversity loss over the past 500 years. Proximity to humans drives the spatial distribution of species toward less disturbed ...habitats. Invasive species can competitively exclude native species, but species may coexist due to different habitat preferences. Here, we investigated how proximity to farms and the presence of the non‐native European hare (Lepus europaeus) influence the habitat use by the Brazilian cottontail (Sylvilagus minensis) in southeastern Brazil. We found that the probability of cottontail site use increased with native forest cover and decreased with farmhouse proximity, ranging from 0.05 (SE = 0.02) at sites close to farmhouses (≅900 m) with no native forest to 0.70 (SE = 0.15) at sites far from farmhouses (≅2500 m) dominated by native forest. Higher risk of harassment and predation by free‐roaming dogs and cats may explain the negative effect of farmhouse proximity on cottontail habitat use. We found little evidence for competitive exclusion by the European hare. Instead, our results suggest that the two species spatially segregate due to different habitat preferences. While the European hare more likely uses farmland in its native and non‐native range, our results suggest that the Brazilian cottontail is a forest dweller. Although we found only weak evidence of competitive exclusion, we advise caution because invasive species may delay the onset of detrimental effects due to initial low population densities in newly invaded areas as is the case of the European hare in southeastern Brazil.
in Portuguese is available with online material.
As atividades humanas e as invasões biológicas têm causado uma perda sem precedentes da biodiversidade ao longo dos últimos 500 anos. A proximidade com os humanos direciona a distribuição espacial das espécies para habitats menos perturbados. Espécies invasoras podem excluir competitivamente espécies nativas, mas as espécies podem coexistir devido a diferentes preferências de habitats. Aqui, investigamos como a proximidade de residências rurais e a presença da lebre europeia não nativa (Lepus europaeus) influenciam o uso do habitat pelo tapeti (Sylvilagus minensis) no sudeste do Brasil. Descobrimos que a probabilidade de uso do habitat pelo tapeti aumentou com a cobertura de floresta nativa e diminuiu com a proximidade de residências rurais, variando de 0.05 (EP = 0.02) em locais próximos a residências rurais (≅900 m) e sem floresta nativa para 0.70 (EP = 0.15) em locais distantes de residências rurais (≅2500 m) dominados por floresta nativa. Maior risco de perseguição e predação por cães e gatos domésticos pode explicar o efeito negativo da proximidade de residências rurais no uso do habitat do tapeti. Encontramos poucas evidências de exclusão competitiva pela lebre europeia. Em vez disso, nossos resultados sugerem que as duas espécies segregam espacialmente devido a diferentes preferências de habitats. Enquanto a lebre europeia tem maior probabilidade de usar áreas agrícolas em sua área nativa e não nativa, nossos resultados sugerem que o tapeti é uma espécie florestal. Embora tenhamos encontrado apenas evidências fracas de exclusão competitiva, aconselhamos cautela, pois espécies invasoras podem postergar o início de efeitos prejudiciais devido a densidades populacionais inicialmente baixas em áreas recém‐invadidas, como é o caso da lebre europeia no sudeste do Brasil.
Probability of Brazilian cottontail using sites increases with native forest cover and decreases with farmhouse proximity. Increased human proximity to tropical forests and tropical deforestation are currently more relevant threats to the conservation of the Brazilian cottontail in southeastern Brazil than the European hare invasion.
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