Methods for standard in vitro fertilization have been difficult to establish in the horse. We evaluated whether prolonged sperm pre-incubation would support subsequent fertilization. Fresh sperm were ...pre-incubated with penicillamine, hypotaurine, and epinephrine (PHE) for 22 h. Co-incubation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) for 6 h yielded 43% fertilization; culture of presumptive embryos yielded 21% blastocysts. Sperm incubated similarly, but without PHE, did not fertilize oocytes. Use of extended semen in the system yielded 54% blastocysts and was applied in subsequent experiments. Transfer of three in vitro fertilization-produced blastocysts to recipient mares resulted in birth of three normal foals. When sperm were pre-incubated for 22 h, 47–79% of oocytes were fertilized after 1 h of co-incubation. Sperm pre-incubated for 15 min or 6 h before co-incubation yielded no fertilization at 1 h, suggesting that capacitation in this system requires between 6 and 22 h. Sperm assessed after 15 min, 6 h, or 22 h pre-incubation showed increasing protein tyrosine phosphorylation of the midpiece, equatorial band, and apical head; this pattern differed from that induced by high pH conditions and may denote functional equine sperm capacitation. Use of the final devised system, i.e., extended semen, with 22 h of sperm pre-incubation and 3 h of COC co-incubation, yielded 90% fertilization with a blastocyst rate of 74%. This is the first report of efficient and repeatable standard in vitro fertilization in the horse and the first report of in vitro production of blastocysts and resulting foals after in vitro fertilization. Summary Sentence Pre-incubation of fresh equine sperm for 22 h in the presence of penicillamine, hypotaurine and epinephrine supports high rates of in vitro fertilization and production of viable blastocysts.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Women who achieve pregnancy by ART show an increased risk of obstetric and perinatal complications compared with those with spontaneous conception (SC).
OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
...The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the best available evidence regarding the association between ART and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women with singleton pregnancies. The research question asked was whether the risk of GDM is higher in women achieving singleton pregnancy by ART compared with those achieving singleton pregnancy spontaneously.
SEARCH METHODS
A literature search, in MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane databases, covering the period 1978–2019, was performed aiming to identify studies comparing the risk of GDM in singleton pregnancies after ART versus after SC. Both matched and unmatched studies were considered eligible. Meta-analysis of weighted data was performed using the random effects model. Results were reported as risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI. Heterogeneity was quantified with the I2 index.
OUTCOMES
The study reports on 63 760 women who achieved a singleton pregnancy after ART (GDM was present in 4776) and 1 870 734 women who achieved a singleton pregnancy spontaneously (GDM in 158 526). Women with singleton pregnancy achieved by ART showed a higher risk of GDM compared with those with singleton pregnancy achieved spontaneously (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.39–1.69; I2 78.6%, n = 37, 1 893 599 women). The direction or the magnitude of the effect observed did not change in subgroup analysis based on whether the study was matched (n = 17) or unmatched (n = 20) (matched: RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.17–1.72; I2 61.5%—unmatched: RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.40–1.78; I2 84.1%) or whether it was prospective (n = 12) or retrospective (n = 25) (prospective studies: RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.27–1.83, I2 62.2%—retrospective studies: RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.36–1.72, I2 82.5%). Regarding the method of fertilization, a higher risk of GDM after ART versus SC was observed after IVF (n = 7), but not after ICSI (n = 6), (IVF: RR 1.95, 95% CI 1.56–2.44, I2 43.1%—ICSI: RR 1.42, 95% CI 0.94–2.15, I2 73.5%). Moreover, regarding the type of embryo transfer (ET), a higher risk of GDM after ART versus SC was observed after fresh (n = 14) but not after frozen (n = 3) ET (fresh ET: RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.03–1.85, I2 75.4%—frozen ET: RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.10–2.19; I2 73.1%). A higher risk of GDM was observed after ART regardless of whether the eligible studies included patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.33–1.66, I2 75.0%) or not (RR 4.12, 95% CI 2.63–6.45, I2 0%), or whether this information was unclear (RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.22–1.75, I2 77.7%).
WIDER IMPLICATIONS
The present systematic review and meta-analysis, by analysing 1 893 599 women, showed a higher risk of GDM in women achieving singleton pregnancy by ART compared with those achieving singleton pregnancy spontaneously. This finding highlights the importance of early detection of GDM in women treated by ART that could lead to timely and effective interventions, prior to ART as well as during early pregnancy.
Background
Despite recent efforts, the risks associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) or abnormal vaginal microbiota in IVF patients are not well‐established.
Objectives
We aimed to evaluate the ...risks associated with BV in IVF patients using meta‐analysis.
Search strategy
Following preliminary searches to find relevant keywords and MeSH terms, a systematic search was performed in PubMed (MEDLINE) in September 2017.
Selection criteria
The population was infertile women attending IVF treatment. The exposure was BV or abnormal vaginal microbiota. Outcomes included live birth rate, early spontaneous abortion rate and clinical pregnancy rate.
Data collection and analysis
Data were collected for each study and for each outcome using a summary of findings table. If appropriate, data were quantitatively assessed using meta‐analysis, sensitivity analysis, funnel plots and GRADE evidence assessment were performed for the above‐mentioned outcomes.
Main results
A total of 12 studies were eligible, comprising a total of 2980 patients. The prevalence of BV was 16% (95% CI 15–18%) in the general study population and tubal factor infertility was highly prevalent in patients diagnosed with BV compared with normal vaginal microbiota patients (P = 0.001). Despite a significant association with early spontaneous abortion relative risk (RR) 1.68, 95% CI 1.24–2.27, BV did not significantly impact the live birth rate (RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.96–1.57) or the clinical pregnancy rate (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.75–1.15).
Conclusions
BV is associated with tubal factor infertility and early spontaneous abortion. However, the quality of evidence was very low and the equivocal results justify the need for further research.
Tweetable
Abnormal vaginal microbiota is associated with early spontaneous abortion in IVF patients.
Tweetable
Abnormal vaginal microbiota is associated with early spontaneous abortion in IVF patients.
To investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the success rate and prenatal outcomes of fresh embryo transfer in women undergoing their first in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm ...injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment.
It is a post-hoc analysis of a prospective observational cohort study. 2569 Chinese women were grouped in quintiles of BMI and according to the official Chinese classification of body weight. IVF/ICSI and pregnancy outcomes were compared between groups.
BMI was not associated with IVF/ICSI pregnancy outcomes including hCG positive rate, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, early miscarriage rate, and live birth rate. However, it was negatively related to some pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertension. Additionally, the proportion of Cesarean-section was increased with BMI. As for prenatal outcomes, the current results showed no statistical difference in the number of male and female newborn, the proportion of low live birth weight (<2500 g), macrosomia (≥4000 g) (both in all live birth and full-term live birth), and premature delivery (<37 weeks).
The current study showed that BMI was not associated with embryo transfer outcomes after fresh embryo transfer in women undergoing their first IVF/ICSI treatment, whereas BMI was associated with GDM and gestational hypertension.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor with estrogenic properties that can adversely affect meiotic spindle assemblies. Our data indicate that BPA exposure in female patients may interfere with ...oocyte quality during IVF, as suggested by the inverse association between serum unconjugated BPA concentration and normal fertilization.
Total Fertilization Failure: A Single Center Analysis de Souza, Lisiane Knob; Witusk, João Paulo Duarte; Galgaro, Bruna Campos ...
Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.),
03/2024, Letnik:
31, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Our main objective was to identify the male and female parameters associated with total fertilization failure (TFF) in IVF with nonmasculine indications. The present work, IRB equivalent INS 63209, ...is a case-control study that evaluated all cases with TFF after conventional IVF at the Center for Human Reproduction from January 2010 to December 2019 (n = 154). As a control group, we analyzed all patients who did not experience fertilization failure after conventional IVF in the same period (n = 475). We evaluated various parameters, both male and female, assessed during infertility treatment, and only cases without masculine etiology (normal seminal parameters) were included. Ages (female and male) were not different between the groups. Moreover, AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone), semen volume, preprocessing concentration and preprocessing motility were not significantly different (P > 0.05). However, the number of collected oocytes (study versus control groups, median 25-75 interquartile: 2 1-5 and 5 3-8); MII (2 1-4 and 5 2-7); and postprocessing motility (85 70-90 and 90 80-95) were significantly different between both groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a logistic regression analysis including all significant data demonstrated that the number of collected oocytes was significantly related to IVF failure. Patients with fewer than 5 oocytes had an OR of - 1.37 (- 0.938 to - 1.827) for TFF after conventional IVF. Our results showed that a lower follicular response to controlled ovarian stimulation, evidenced by a decreased number of collected oocytes, was the most important parameter associated with IVF failure in nonmasculine infertility.
ObjectiveTo compare success rates, associated risks and cost-effectiveness between intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in vitro fertilisation (IVF).DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingThe ...UK from 2012 to 2016.ParticipantsData from Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority’s freedom of information request for 2012–2016 for IVF/ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection)and IUI as practiced in 319 105 IVF/ICSI and 30 669 IUI cycles. Direct-cost calculations for maternal and neonatal expenditure per live birth (LB) was constructed using the cost of multiple birth model, with inflation-adjusted Bank of England index-linked data. A second direct-cost analysis evaluating the incremental cost-effective ratio (ICER) was modelled using the 2016 national mean (baseline) IVF and IUI success rates.Outcome measuresLB, risks from IVF and IUI, and costs to gain 1 LB.ResultsThis largest comprehensive analysis integrating success, risks and costs at a national level shows IUI is safer and more cost-effective than IVF treatment.IVF LB/cycle success was significantly better than IUI at 26.96% versus 11.49% (p<0.001) but the IUI success is much closer to IVF at 2.35:1, than previously considered. IVF remains a significant source of multiple gestation pregnancy (MGP) compared with IUI (RR (Relative Risk): 1.45 (1.31 to 1.60), p<0.001) as was the rate of twins (RR: 1.58, p<0.001).In 2016, IVF maternal and neonatal cost was £115 082 017 compared with £2 940 196 for IUI and this MGP-related perinatal cost is absorbed by the National Health Services. At baseline tariffs and success rates IUI was £42 558 cheaper than IVF to deliver 1LB with enhanced benefits with small improvements in IUI. Reliable levels of IVF-related MGP, OHSS (ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome), fetal reductions and terminations are revealed.ConclusionIUI success rates are much closer to IVF than previously reported, more cost-effective in delivering 1 LB, and associated with lower risk of complications for maternal and neonatal complications. It is prudent to offer IUI before IVF nationally.
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz.) is a major giant bamboo species. Unreasonable fertilization and nitrogen (N) loss is a serious problem. A field experiment was conducted to ...determine the effects of application methods (furrow and hole) and depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) on ammonia (NH
3
) volatilization and N runoff losses from June to December, 2015. Ammonia volatilization was detected as a single peak curve after fertilization. Three weeks later, fluxes of all fertilization treatments were similar to those of the control and remained stable. After the experiment, the cumulative NH
3
volatilization was 17.2–21.4 kg·ha
−1
. Approximately 90% of NH
3
volatilization occurred within the first two weeks. The NH
4
+
-N loss was higher than the NO
3
−
-N loss, and the total runoff losses were relatively low. For the same application method, with the increase of application depth, the NH
3
volatilization and N runoff losses reduced; for the same application depth, the NH
3
volatilization and N runoff losses after furrow application were lower than those after hole application. Therefore, the deep and furrow application methods were effective in reducing N loss through NH
3
volatilization and runoff. In the present study, furrow application at a 20–40 cm depth has been appropriate for field practice.
Chronic liver disease and liver transplantation (LT) can delay both timing and ability of women to conceive. With increased awareness and availability of in vitro fertilisation (IVF), the need for ...accurate counselling is paramount. To date, minimal data exist on outcomes of IVF in patients with chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, or post-LT. We report the largest experience of IVF in women with liver-related subfertility (LRSF).
A retrospective analysis was performed on 42 women with LRSF who had undergone 57 IVF cycles between 1990 and 2019.
Forty-two women with LRSF received IVF; 9 cycles in 6 women with cirrhosis, 14 cycles in 11 women post-LT, and 34 cycles in 25 women without cirrhosis. The main aetiologies of liver disease included HBV, HCV, and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Of 57 IVF cycles evaluated, 43 (75%) resulted in successful implantation. Eight (2 post-LT, 3 with cirrhosis, 4 without cirrhosis) resulted in miscarriage. The live birth rate (LBR) was 74% (32/43). Two of 9 (22%) patients with cirrhosis, 4/14 (29%) patients who were post-LT, and 6/34 (18%) patients without cirrhosis had unsuccessful IVF attempts. Nine of 57 (16%) IVF cycles resulted in new liver enzyme derangement during therapy, which improved after treatment completion. Six pregnancies (2 in patients who were post-LT, 4 without cirrhosis) were complicated by obstetric cholestasis (OC). Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) was rare (n = 3, 7%). One patient with AIH-related cirrhosis decompensated after initiating IVF, warranting discontinuation of therapy. There were no maternal deaths. Three women developed a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Half the pregnancies resulted in premature deliveries (range 27–36 weeks).
In selected cases, IVF in women with LRSF can be successful. However, patients should be counselled on the potential increased risks of OHSS, OC, and prematurity.
Women with liver disease or those who have had a liver transplant can experience difficulties getting pregnant. In this study, we look at whether alternative approaches to achieve pregnancy are harmful in these women. Overall, there were no significant issues with the use of in vitro fertilisation in women with liver disease, but they need to be aware of potential risks, such as early delivery of the baby.
Display omitted
•Subfertility is common in women with liver disease and can persist post-LT.•Although the complications of IVF are well described in the general population, its effects on women with liver disease are unknown.•Women with LRSF can undergo successful pregnancies with IVF therapy.•Complications are potentially greater in women with liver disease, so pre-conception counselling is important.
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