We sought to review the role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for the management of burn and smoke inhalation injury in the adult patient population. Therefore, we conducted a systematic ...search of the literature according to specific combination of key words to ascertain the effectiveness of this support strategy. A total of 26 articles were filtered out of 269 and considered suitable for this study. The PICOS approach and PRISMA flow chart were followed for the purposes of our review. Although there is growing evidence supporting the role of ECMO as an option for burn injury in the adult patient population, this strategy should be considered if a likely successful outcome is expected.
The integration of a Supercomputer in the educational process improves student’s technological skills. The aim of the paper is to study the interaction between science, technology, engineering, and ...mathematics (STEM) and non-STEM subjects for developing a course of study related to Supercomputing training. We propose a flowchart of the process to improve the performance of students attending courses related to Supercomputing. As a final result, this study highlights the analysis of the information obtained by the use of HPC infrastructures in courses implemented in higher education through a questionnaire that provides useful information about their attitudes, beliefs and evaluations. The results help us to understand how the collaboration between institutions enhances outcomes in the education context. The conclusion provides a description of the resources needed for the improvement of Supercomputing Education (SE), proposing future research directions.
In most of the sensing systems, specific detection mechanisms are involved during the detection process for a certain analyte irrespective of probes. However, unlike that of various sensing analytes, ...the detection of the highly toxic and explosive picric acid (PA) analyte was found to involve significant types of distinct sensing mechanisms depending on the nature of probes. Moreover, in the past five years, apart from the plethora of fluorescent probes designed, a number of unique organic small molecules and polymers have been strategically developed at our laboratory for the detection of PA, wherein the involvement of several diverse mechanisms along with a few new mechanisms depending on the electronic and photophysical properties of the probes has been unveiled. This involvement of several distinct mechanisms for the detection of PA motivated us to compile a step-by-step guide for the elucidation of the fluorescence sensing mechanism by taking PA as a model analyte. This "tutorial review" summarizes all the common sensing mechanisms involved for the detection of PA hitherto and provides a step-by-step guide to design experiments for the elucidation of sensing mechanisms for any newly designed sensing system. In addition to the appropriate classification of mechanisms involved for the fluorescence sensing of PA using various fluorescent systems developed at our laboratory, this tutorial review also includes most other possible mechanistic approaches studied previously. The present tutorial also provides a very unique method of a flow chart, which could help readers to elucidate the likely sensing mechanism
via
stepwise experimental and theoretical studies. Apart from the elucidation of the sensing mechanism for PA, this review presents an easy and distinct approach for the identification of all the involved mechanisms that would be of primary concern in the detection process of any analyte and could accurately help researchers in the easy and quick elucidation of sensing mechanisms in any kind of fluorophore-analyte system.
The precise study of fluorescence-based sensing mechanisms and a step-by-step design experiment for the elucidation of the mechanism of sensing for newly designed sensing systems can be ascertained using the presented tutorial review.
Fungi are an understudied, biotechnologically valuable group of organisms. Due to the immense range of habitats that fungi inhabit, and the consequent need to compete against a diverse array of other ...fungi, bacteria, and animals, fungi have developed numerous survival mechanisms. The unique attributes of fungi thus herald great promise for their application in biotechnology and industry. Moreover, fungi can be grown with relative ease, making production at scale viable. The search for fungal biodiversity, and the construction of a living fungi collection, both have incredible economic potential in locating organisms with novel industrial uses that will lead to novel products. This manuscript reviews fifty ways in which fungi can potentially be utilized as biotechnology. We provide notes and examples for each potential exploitation and give examples from our own work and the work of other notable researchers. We also provide a flow chart that can be used to convince funding bodies of the importance of fungi for biotechnological research and as potential products. Fungi have provided the world with penicillin, lovastatin, and other globally significant medicines, and they remain an untapped resource with enormous industrial potential.
For clinical studies with continuous outcomes, when the data are potentially skewed, researchers may choose to report the whole or part of the five-number summary (the sample median, the first and ...third quartiles, and the minimum and maximum values) rather than the sample mean and standard deviation. In the recent literature, it is often suggested to transform the five-number summary back to the sample mean and standard deviation, which can be subsequently used in a meta-analysis. However, if a study contains skewed data, this transformation and hence the conclusions from the meta-analysis are unreliable. Therefore, we introduce a novel method for detecting the skewness of data using only the five-number summary and the sample size, and meanwhile, propose a new flow chart to handle the skewed studies in a different manner. We further show by simulations that our skewness tests are able to control the type I error rates and provide good statistical power, followed by a simulated meta-analysis and a real data example that illustrate the usefulness of our new method in meta-analysis and evidence-based medicine.
Training in Programming using Innovative Means Shivacheva, G I; Ruseva, N R
IOP conference series. Materials Science and Engineering,
01/2021, Letnik:
1031, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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Training in programming, related to studying algorithms, is challenging for the lecturers. The aim of this paper is to offer options about how to use innovative means in programming by presenting ...their specifics and to suggest how to limit some of the disadvantages. During synchronous learning, whether conducted in a computer room or online in a virtual classroom, the three standard ways of presenting algorithms can be applied as creating a flowchart for a specific algorithm with Flowgorithm is presented dynamically rather than as a static image, as on the site. With the introduction of Accumulative frame models in programming training, it can be described verbally through a list of invariant frames, which is recommended to be used in the study of algorithms that consist of more than one basic algorithms. This is a fourth way of presenting algorithms, which can be in the form of a table.
Solid-state transformers (SSTs) are power electronic converters that provide isolation between a medium-voltage and a low-voltage (LV) system using medium-frequency transformers. The power electronic ...stages enable full-range control of the terminal voltages and currents and hence of the active and reactive power flows. Thus, SSTs are envisioned as key components of a smart grid. Various SST concepts have been proposed and analyzed in literature concerning technical aspects. However, several issues could potentially limit the applicability of SSTs in distribution grids. Therefore, this paper discusses four essential challenges in detail. It is found that SSTs are less efficient than low-frequency transformers (LFTs), yet their prospective prices are significantly higher. Furthermore, SSTs are not compatible with the protection schemes employed in today's LV grids, i.e., they are not drop-in replacements for LFTs. The limited voltage control range typically required in distribution grids can be provided by competing solutions, which do not involve power electronics (e.g., LFTs with tap changers), or by hybrid transformers, where the comparably inefficient power electronic stage processes only a fraction of the total power. Finally, potential application scenarios of SSTs (ac-dc, dc-dc, weight/space limited applications) are discussed. All considerations are distilled into an applicability flowchart for SST technology.
Applications for deep learning in ecology Christin, Sylvain; Hervet, Éric; Lecomte, Nicolas ...
Methods in ecology and evolution,
October 2019, Letnik:
10, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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A lot of hype has recently been generated around deep learning, a novel group of artificial intelligence approaches able to break accuracy records in pattern recognition. Over the course of just a ...few years, deep learning has revolutionized several research fields such as bioinformatics and medicine with its flexibility and ability to process large and complex datasets. As ecological datasets are becoming larger and more complex, we believe these methods can be useful to ecologists as well.
In this paper, we review existing implementations and show that deep learning has been used successfully to identify species, classify animal behaviour and estimate biodiversity in large datasets like camera‐trap images, audio recordings and videos. We demonstrate that deep learning can be beneficial to most ecological disciplines, including applied contexts, such as management and conservation.
We also identify common questions about how and when to use deep learning, such as what are the steps required to create a deep learning network, which tools are available to help, and what are the requirements in terms of data and computer power. We provide guidelines, recommendations and useful resources, including a reference flowchart to help ecologists get started with deep learning.
We argue that at a time when automatic monitoring of populations and ecosystems generates a vast amount of data that cannot be effectively processed by humans anymore, deep learning could become a powerful reference tool for ecologists.
Introduction Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has led to a global pandemic since its emergence in December 2019. The majority of research into Covid-19 has focused on transmission, and mortality and ...morbidity associated with the virus. However, less attention has been given to its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with Covid-19. Methods We searched for original studies published between December 2019 and Jan 2021 in PubMed, Scopus and Medline databases using a specific search strategy. We also explored literature on websites of distinguished public health organisations and hand-searched reference lists of eligible studies. The studies were screened by two reviewers according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flowchart using pre-determined eligibility criteria. Data were synthesised, analysed descriptively and reported in line with PRISMA guidelines. Results In total, 1276 studies were identified through the search strategy. Of these, 77 studies were selected for full-text reading after screening the studies. After reading full-text, 12 eligible studies were included in this review. The majority of the studies used a generic HRQoL assessment tool; five studies used SF-36, five studies used EQ-5D-5L, and three used pulmonary disease-specific HRQoL tools (two studies used two tools each). The impact of Covid-19 on HRQoL was found to be considerable in both Acute Covid and Long Covid patients. Higher impact on HRQoL was reported in Acute Covid, females, older ages, patients with more severe disease and patients from low-income countries. Conclusion The impact of Covid-19 on HRQoL of Acute and Long Covid patients is substantial. There was disproportional impact on patients by gender, age, severity of illness and study country. The long-term impact of Covid-19 is still in its initial stage. The findings of the review may be useful to researchers, policymakers, and clinicians caring for people following Covid-19 infection.
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