The primary objective of this study was to identify the reality of the physical fitness and skills among young football players in the Najaf Governorate and to find a predictive value for the ...physical and skills indicators for the selection of junior football players in Najaf Governorate. The researchers used the descriptive approach with two methods of interrelationships. The present study was conducted on the 14 years old players of football schools in Najaf Governorate in the year 2021. The study was conducted in the playgrounds of the football school in the center of Najaf Governorate (Iraq) within the timeframe from January 2021 to March 2021. A total of 40 14-year-old football players participated in the study. Based on the findings of this study, the researchers concluded that the physical fitness of the football players is directly and significantly related to their skill performance.
The main purpose was to determinate the relationship between mood states and the sleep quality perceived in professional Football Players. The sample was conformed by 28 participants between 18- and ...21-years old belonging to Real Murcia Imperial Football Club team from two categories, Juvenil División de Honor and Tercera División. We used the questionnaire of mood states short form POMS, to measure the mood state and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to measure the quality of sleep of the football players. The results showed that: a) Poor sleep quality is related to high levels of fatigue and depression in young football players b) The footballers with higher number of sleep disturbances, had higher levels of fatigue and depression c) Daytime dysfunction is related to higher levels of fatigue and depression.
El objetivo principal fue determinar la relación entre el estado de ánimo y la calidad de sueño percibida en jugadores de fútbol. La muestra estuvo formada por 28 participantes entre los 18 y 21 años, pertenecientes al equipo Real Murcia Imperial Club de Fútbol de dos categorías, Juvenil División de Honor y Tercera División. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de estados de ánimo POMS, en su forma abreviada para medir el estado de ánimo y Índice de Calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh para medir la calidad de sueño de los futbolistas. Los resultados mostraron que: a) Una mala calidad del sueño se relaciona con altos niveles de fatiga y depresión en futbolistas jóvenes b) Los futbolistas con mayor número de perturbaciones de sueño tenían altos niveles de fatiga y depresión c) La disfunción diurna se relaciona con mayores niveles de fatiga y depresión.
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is common amongst retired male professional footballers. There is limited understanding with respect to the interplay between imaging findings, clinical ...presentation and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in retired professional footballers with knee OA.
Objectives: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the extent of radiological and clinical knee OA in a cohort of retired male professional footballers, and to explore the relationship between these findings and knee-related PROMs.
Methods: Fifteen retired male professional footballers underwent knee radiographs and were surveyed on their history of clinical OA, severe knee injury and previous knee surgery. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS) and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health (PROMIS-GH) were used to assess health outcomes, such as level of function and pain.
Results: Radiological knee OA was diagnosed in six out of 15 participants. Seven of the participants had a clinical diagnosis of knee OA. Evidence of clinical and radiological OA was present amongst four participants. Radiological knee OA and clinical OA was significantly associated with a history of severe knee injury and previous knee surgery. Low correlations (ρ<-0.40) were found between knee OA severity and knee-related PROMs. Moderate correlation (ρ=-0.65) was found between clinical knee OA and KOOS-SP.
Conclusion: Clinical knee OA correlates with PROMs amongst retired professional footballers but radiological OA does not. Further studies are required to understand the relationship between imaging findings, clinical presentation and PROMs amongst retired professional footballers with knee OA.
Through a digital ethnography of Twitter and Instagram and semi-structured interviews, this paper examined the different forms of prosocial activities of elite African footballers in their home ...countries. A few studies have examined 'give back' activities in communities of origin in the form of remittances to family and friends and social philanthropy initiatives. This approach has proven to be limited as it does not capture their non-material contributions to society. By framing the research problem around the concepts of prosocial behaviour and athlete citizenship, this study added new dimensions to our understanding of African players' prosocial activities in their home countries. The findings show that African players are socially conscious agents who are obliged by their social norms and cultural values to support their communities in many different ways, including through active citizenship. The implication is that conceptions of the elite African athlete need to recognise them as 'citizen athletes' whose non-sporting lives go beyond remittances and philanthropy.
Introduction: European team presumes to have a great development project to feed their first team and to create elite players. Objective: Building on a dataset of homegrown player transfers, national ...football league’s revenues, and European football revenues from the 2015/2016 season to the 2020/2021 season inside the five major leagues (LaLiga, Premier League, Ligue 1, Bundesliga, and Serie A). Materials and methods: Were exanimated 74 football teams in to know how profitable their projects were. Results and discussion: Results show that does not exist only one way to take advantage of developing homegrown football players. Conclusions: These results vary according to each football club’s objectives, which could be different with the passing of the years.
Introducción: todos los equipos presumen de tener buenos proyectos de desarrollo para formar futbolistas de élite para su primer equipo. Objetivo: se ha realizado un análisis de datos de transferencias, premios económicos de ligas nacionales y de competiciones europeas, desde la temporada 2015/2016 hasta 2020/2021, de las 5 grandes ligas (LaLiga, Premier League, Ligue 1, Bundesliga y Serie A). Materiales y métodos: fueron examinados 74 equipos de fútbol para conocer el éxito de sus proyectos. Resultados y discusión: estos muestran que no existe una única manera de sacar provecho de la formación de jugadores. Conclusiones: los resultados varían en función del objetivo de cada club que, a la vez, pueden variar con el paso de los años.
Abstract The nationality conversion of athletes is no longer a novelty in international sports, however, the case of footballers’ naturalization in China has received little academic attention. The ...introduction of overseas talents was endorsed by national policy, with the purpose of strengthening the Chinese national team aiming to reach the World Cup. This article examines some legal concepts in Chinese footballers' naturalization and discusses this phenomenon from a sociological perspective. The purpose is to employ the football athletes’ nationality swapping as a case to discuss the status quo of this sport in China, and meanwhile, to discuss nationalism and social identity under the interaction of sports and society.
Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is debilitating to any footballer. The injury is sustained in different ways during sporting events. There is need for injury prevention programs ...among the growing population of amateur footballers. Aim: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ACL injury among Amateur footballers in Enugu, South-East Nigeria. Methodology: An observational study involving 825 of the registered amateur footballers in Enugu Metropolis. Oral interview and adapted knee pain evaluation form were used to screen for knee injuries and followed by Lachman and Pivot shift test to confirm ACL injury. Results: The mean age of the participants was 22.7 ± 3.1. The prevalence of ACL injury was 3.6% among the study population (8% for females and 3.5% for males), 56.6% among the participants with a history of knee injuries. Nearly 37.3% of the injuries occurred as a result of torsion/twist, which is a noncontact mechanism, 3.3% due to overuse, 13.3% due to contact/person, and 10.0% due to contact/friction. 70.0% of the injuries occurred during a training session, while 30.0% occurred during competition. Furthermore, 50.0% of athletes sought medical attention from traditional bone setters, 6.7% from physiotherapists, 10.0% from medical doctors, while 30.0% had self-medication. Conclusion: The prevalence of ACL injury among amateur footballers in Enugu, South-east Nigeria, falls within that obtained among athletes worldwide, with most of the injuries occurring from noncontact mechanisms during a training session. The prevalence is more in females than males.
There is limited data on the vitamin D status of UK-based professional academy footballers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to report total 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D and free 1, 25(OH)
D at ...the end of the winter (March) and summer periods (October) in a cohort (n = 27) of professional academy footballers in northern England. Blood samples were collected to measure total 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D binding protein, albumin and calcium. Free 25(OH)D and 1, 25(OH)
D were calculated. Dietary vitamin D intake and retrospective summer sunlight exposure were also collected. At the end of winter, 2/27 (7.4%) players were vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D < 30 nmol/l) and 11/27 (40.7%) were insufficient (25(OH)D > 30 nmol/l < 50 nmol/l). By the end of summer, none were deficient but 3/14 (21.4%) were still insufficient. Median total 25(OH)D (82.2 nmol/l IQR: 50.3-90.2 vs. 54.2 nmol/l IQR: 36.8-71.9; P = .02), free 25(OH)D (25.8 pmol/l IQR: 15.1-33.1 vs. 13.2 pmol/l IQR: 9.0-14.9; P = .005) and free 1, 25(OH)
D (389 fmol/l IQR: 209-594 vs. 212 fmol/l IQR: 108-278; P = .034) were significantly higher at the end of summer than the end of winter. At the end of winter, free 25(OH)D was lower (P = .003) in those vitamin D insufficient (8.8 pmol/l IQR: 5.5-11.8) vs. sufficient (13.7 pmol/l IQR: 12.0-17.0). There was a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency at the end of the winter. Free 25(OH)D was also lower at the winter timepoint and in players that were insufficient vs. sufficient.
This study was designed to assess the effects of Ramadan-intermittent-fasting (RIF) and time-of-day on muscle power and fatigue during the Wingate test. In a randomized design, 10 football players ...completed a Wingate test at 07:00 and 17:00 h on 3 different occasions: one week before Ramadan (BR), the second week of Ramadan (SWR) and the fourth week of Ramadan (ER). There was an interval of 36-h between any 2 successive tests. During the Wingate test, peak power (PP), mean power (MP) and the fatigue index (FI) were recorded. While PP, MP and FI were greater in the evening than in the morning during BR (p<0.001), these diurnal variations in muscle power disappeared during the month of Ramadan (i. e., SWR and ER) due to a significant decrease in PP and MP in the evening (p<0.001). However, the diurnal variation in FI when measured at 17:00 h increased during this month (p<0.001). In addition, ratings of perceived exertion and fatigue were higher in the evening during Ramadan in comparison with BR. These results suggest that Ramadan might modify the circadian rhythm of muscle power and fatigue during the Wingate test by decreasing power output and increasing muscle fatigue at the time of the acrophase.
Eating disorders are associated with short and long-term consequences that can affect sports performance. The purposes of this study were to investigate whether female athletes, particularly gymnasts ...and footballers, exhibit more eating problems compared to female non-athletes, and to identify individual personality characteristics including anxiety, self-esteem, and perfectionism as possible contributors to eating disorder risk. In a sample of 120 participants, 80 adolescent female athletes were compared to a control condition of 40 non-athletes (mean age 17.2 ± 2.82). Participants responded to a questionnaire package to investigate the presence of disordered eating (SCOFF) and psychological variables in relation to disordered eating symptoms or eating disorder status. Subsequently, anthropometric measures were obtained individually by trained staff. There were statistically significant differences between conditions. One of the most important results was the score in SCOFF (Mann-Whitney = 604,
< 0.05; Cohen's
= 0.52, r = 0.25), being higher in control than in the gymnast condition. These results suggest that non-athlete female adolescents show more disturbed eating behaviours and thoughts than female adolescents from aesthetic sport modalities and, therefore, may have an enhanced risk of developing clinical eating disorders.
PDF