The perspective of childhood studies has existed in science since the 1990s. Currently, it is considered as a paradigm. The article concerns one of the assumptions of this theoretical orientation – ...the participation of children in research. The analysis of the concept includes both positive and critical stances expressed in the subject literature. The text contains an analysis of the main assumptions of childhood studies and their relationship to the participatory approach to research. Moreover, it presents types of participatory research with children, considering the degree of their participation. The article refers to numerous examples of both research and specific techniques applied.
A questão da participação nas autarquias Gonçalves, José Fidalgo; Louro, Paulo; Corte Real, Madalena
kult-ur (Castellón de la Plana),
08/2020, Letnik:
7, Številka:
13
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Face ao crescente reconhecimento da importância de mecanismos de participação na governação pública, o presente texto pretende apresentar uma reflexão sobre as atuais práticas existentes no contexto ...do poder local em Portugal. Neste sentido, é feita uma contextualização problemática, tendo por base uma reflexão em torno da crescente complexificação da sociedade, as atuais recomendações ao nível europeu e global e a definição dos conceitos de governança, de política e de ação pública. Segue-se um ponto dedicado à questão do envolvimento de stakeholders face a diferentes eixos de ação. Será ainda apresentada uma tipologia exploratória e uma análise dos mecanismos formais e informais, que são atualmente utilizados pelas autarquias de forma direta e digital. A reflexão final aponta para o facto de, não obstante se verificar uma evolução das formas de participação, ainda existirem muitos constrangimentos, nomeadamente a necessidade de melhorar o conteúdo e a forma de comunicação, a transparência, de atender às especificidades locais e de reconhecer que mais governança significa maior legitimidade e poder na deliberação.
Der Beitrag untersucht anhand des IAB-Betriebspanels (2004-2013) die Verbreitung, Entwicklung und Interdependenz von Betriebsräten und anderen, meist betriebsinitiierten Formen der ...Mitarbeitervertretung (wie z.B. Runde Tische). In der Privatwirtschaft sind Betriebsräte gleich häufig zu finden wie andere Mitarbeitervertretungen, doch kommt eine gleichzeitige Existenz beider Gremien in einem Betrieb kaum vor. Ökonometrische Analysen mit rekursiven Probit-Modellen verdeutlichen, dass z.T. unterschiedliche Faktoren das Vorhandensein dieser alternativen Formen der Mitarbeitervertretung erklären und dass bezüglich ihrer Existenz, Gründung und Auflösung Betriebsräte und andere Mitarbeitervertretungen negativ miteinander korrelieren. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass zwischen beiden Formen der Arbeitnehmerpartizipation eine überwiegend substitutive Beziehung besteht.
Using data from the IAB Establishment Panel (2004-2013), this paper analyses the incidence, development and interdependence of works councils and other, typically management-initiated forms of employee participation (such as round tables) in Germany. In the private sector, the incidence of works councils and other forms of participation is similar, but in very few establishments both bodies exist simultaneously. Econometric analyses based on recursive probit models indicate that partly different factors explain the existence of works councils and other forms of participation. Both bodies correlate negatively with respect to their incidence, foundation, and dissolution. This suggests that there exists a predominantly substitutive relationship between works councils and other forms of employee participation.
This article describes how the public participation is understood as involvement of individuals, groups and local communities in public decision making. On 9 October 2015, the Urban Regeneration Act ...was passed in Poland. The purpose of the Act is to integrate the local activities of the stakeholders in regeneration. Engaging stakeholders is essential for proper implementation of regeneration programmes and is aimed at preventing degradation of urban space and crisis phenomena by enhancing social activity. The main aim of the article is to focus on different forms of public participation in urban regeneration. The study includes an analysis of the public participation procedures employed during the implementation of Communal Regeneration Programmes in Poland, as exemplified by the Olkusz Commune. The analysis is summarised to form a model of public participation in regeneration programmes, including suggestions for the use of ICT tools for consultation purposes.
La participación política de los ciudadanos es uno de lo rasgos distintivos de los sistemas democráticos. Sin embargo, los conceptos tradicionales de participación política y de ciudadanía, limitados ...al simple ejercicio de los derechos políticos por los «nacionales» de un país, han dado paso a análisis que insisten en la existencia de «nuevas formas» de participación y de ciudadanía. Sin embargo, la práctica política nos muestra cómo en Europa la participación a través del derecho de sufragio sigue siendo una cuestión de ciudadanía nacional, siendo escasas las oportunidades para que quienes no disponen de la nacionalidad de cada Estado participen en igualdad de condiciones dentro de la comunidad política. Este es el caso de las poblaciones inmigrantes que no han adquirido la nacionalidad del país de instalación. Es con respecto a dichos colectivos que cobra verdadera importancia el examen de la pertinencia de «nuevas formas» de participación y de ciudadanía. El artículo se propone analizar la posibilidad de una de las formas concretas de participación política de las poblaciones inmigrantes: la que tiene lugar a través de sus propias asociaciones; así como las implicaciones de la actividad asociativa en el debate sobre las «nuevas formas» de ciudadanía.
This article discusses a study on how language use and language development can be promoted through engaging students in different participation roles in board games. Theoretically, the study is ...grounded in sociocultural perspectives of activity theory and the role of play as a form of human motivation. A group of Grade 4 primary students learning English as a second language in Hong Kong participated in the games, with alternating roles as players and facilitators. Students' discursive and embodied participation in the games was analysed to reveal how changing participation roles constitute a form of social-relational mediation that motivates students' deployment of different interaction practices and multimodal semiotic resources to achieve context-sensitive, object-related and goal-directed actions in collaborative group activities. The data also show students' agency and self-regulation when they enacted the same participation role with different subject positions and semiotic resources. This article concludes by calling for more attention to how engaged participation resulting in situated purposeful language use can be promoted through different forms of participation in social activities such as board games.
This article tentatively outlines whether the contemporary legal system of the Russian Federation allows substantive public participation, in accordance with the central human rights instruments. The ...author concludes that Russian law provides for quite extensive opportunities for the citizens to engage in political decision-making, at least formally. However, separate cases of law application in courts and administrative organs allow serious deviations from the relevant international standards.
Der Beitrag widmet sich den Vertretungsinstitutionen jenseits des Betriebsverfassungsgesetzes. Auf Grundlage des IAB-Betriebspanels wird zunächst die Verbreitung und Entwicklung solcher alternativer ...Vertretungsorgane beschrieben, bevor deren Schicksal auf einzelbetrieblicher Ebene nachgegangen wird. Wesentliches Ergebnis ist die im Vergleich zum Betriebsrat sehr geringe Stabilität dieser Gremien. In multivariaten Analysen werden betriebliche Charakteristika identifiziert, die die Gründung einer betriebsspezifischen Mitarbeitervertretung wahrscheinlicher machen. Die entsprechenden Betriebe zeichnen sich v. a. durch eine humankapitalorientierte Personalpolitik aus, die auf Weiterbildung und stabile Beschäftigungsverhältnisse setzt. Unter Einsatz sog. Matching-Verfahren werden abschließend die personalpolitischen Wirkungen neu gegründeter betriebsspezifischer Mitarbeitervertretungen untersucht. Insgesamt zeigen sich kaum Unterschiede zwischen Betrieben, in denen solche Gremien entstanden sind und der Vergleichsgruppe. Dies stützt eine Interpretation, die diese Einrichtungen eher als Ausdruck einer ‚aufgeklärten’ personalpolitischen Strategie denn als funktionales Äquivalent zu einem Betriebsrat begreift. This paper deals with institutionalized forms of employee participation not covered by the Works Constitution Act (Betriebsverfassungsgesetz). Using data of the IAB establishment panel we describe the coverage and quantitative development of such alternative means of representation. Following these facilities at the individual establishment level we find that they are considerably less stable than works councils. In multivariate analysis we identify those establishment characteristics that trigger the implementation of firm specific forms of participation. Such establishments set a high value on human resources and stable employment. Using matched-pairs-analysis we finally examine the effects of the formation of these facilities on the establishments' personnel policy. All in all there are barely any differences between the development of those establishments and their counterparts (statistical twins). The findings support the view that firm specific forms of employee representation are a form of modern personnel policy rather than a functional equivalent to works councils.
The paper examines the political processes in the People’s Republic of China associated with the forming of ethnic minorities’ participation in legislative and executive spheres. The paper analyzes ...the forms of ethnic minorities’ participation at the local, regional and national levels. The author concludes the public policy of the PRC has created an effective system of ethnic minorities’ participation in local government and governance, because broad preferential terms, relative independence in various directions were given to them. Also the special law was adopted. On the one hand this system reduces social tension and improves ethnic minorities’ loyalty to the authority, on the other hands it solves some national problems and provides the state integrity of China.
This paper seeks to explore the changes that affected the identities of two heterogeneous social groups, which shape new meanings during the original experience of December 19th and 20th, 2001 in ...Argentina. They were the so-called caceroleros and piqueteros. With their practices, they expressed the meaning of the singular time that is at the same moment an instituting and des- instituting point in time.
This study wonders about the symbolic subject build in the event. ¿Is this social subject a unique new actor who came out during the time of social protest which was typical in Argentina through the end of the Century or is it a diverse and multiple actor? ¿Did the action neutralise the previous identities? ¿How is possible to think the diversity and multiplicity of the main actors if we consider the chance of developments and obstacles of this kind of subject that appeared after the social changes? ¿What relations could be found between that subject and the types of political participation (assemblies, direct democracy, etc) taken on by the actors?
On the other hand, the expression "que se vayan todos" (You all go out) produces a split within the political field. Therefore we ask ourselves in what measure the order that this phrase connotes already consists of strategies of complementation from slashed citizens, that is to say, it is possible to maintain the idea of a "democratic revolution" or alternatively we are in the presence of key turn in the way of thinking and making politics that push us to rethink it beyond political representation. Entre los nuevos sentidos que plasmó la experiencia inédita del 19 y 20 de diciembre, la intención de este artículo es explorar en la transformación de las identidades en dos grupos sociales heterogéneos que plasmaron con sus prácticas este singular momento (ins)(des)tituyente: los llamados caceroleros y los piqueteros.
Los interrogantes planteados se refieren al sujeto simbólico construido en el marco del acontecimiento: ¿Se trata de un único sujeto colectivo nuevo, emergente de la protesta social que caracteriza a la Argentina de fin de siglo, o de un sujeto múltiple, diverso? ¿El acto impuso una neutralización de las identidades previas? ¿Cómo pensar la diversidad y multiplicidad de los actores protagonistas, en tanto condición de posibilidad u obstrucción para la emergencia de este tipo de sujeto parido por la nueva situación? ¿Qué relación se establece entre ese sujeto y las formas de participación política (asambleas, democracia directa, etc.) adoptadas por los sujetos?
Por otro lado, el ¿que se vayan todos¿ produce una escisión en el campo político. Nos preguntamos entonces en qué medida dicha inscripción colectiva consiste en estrategias de ¿complementación¿ de ciudadanías laceradas, lo cual nos permitiría sostener la idea de una «revolución democrática»; o, por el contrario, estamos en presencia de un viraje en cuanto al modo de hacer y pensar la política, que nos obligue a pensarla más allá de la representación política.
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