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Construction of dual gatekeepers-functionalized mesoporous organic silica nanoparticles (MONs) with both physical and chemical mechanisms for modulated drug delivery properties ...provides one solution to the extracellular stability vs. intracellular high therapeutic efficiency of MONs that hold great potential for clinical translations.
We reported herein facile construction of diselenium-bridged MONs decorated with dual gatekeepers, i.e., azobenzene (Azo)/polydopamine (PDA) for both physical and chemical modulated drug delivery properties. Specifically, Azo can act as a physical barrier to block DOX in the mesoporous structure of MONs for extracellular safe encapsulation. The PDA outer corona serves not only as a chemical barrier with acidic pH-modulated permeability for double insurance of minimized DOX leakage in the extracellular blood circulation but also for inducing a PTT effect for synergistic PTT and chemotherapy of breast cancer.
An optimized formulation, DOX@(MONs-Azo3)@PDA resulted in approximately 1.5 and 2.4 fold lower IC50 values than DOX@(MONs-Azo3) and (MONs-Azo3)@PDA controls in MCF-7 cells, respectively, and further mediated complete tumor eradication in 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice with insignificant systematic toxicity due to the synergistic PTT and chemotherapy with enhanced therapeutic efficiency.
This study explores how women in two devout religious communities cope with the Internet and its apparent incompatibility with their communities’ values and practices. Questionnaires containing both ...closed and open-ended questions were completed by 82 participants, approximately half from each community. While their discourses included similar framings of danger and threat, the two groups manifested different patterns of Internet use (and nonuse). Rigorous adherence to religious dictates is greatly admired in these communities, and the women take pride in manipulating their status in them. Their agency is reflected in how they negotiate the tension inherent in their roles as both gatekeepers and agents-of-change, which are analyzed as valuable currencies in their cultural and religious markets.
Cell‐based therapies comprising the administration of living cells to patients for direct therapeutic activities have experienced remarkable success in the clinic, of which macrophages hold great ...potential for targeted drug delivery due to their inherent chemotactic mobility and homing ability to tumors with high efficiency. However, such targeted delivery of drugs through cellular systems remains a significant challenge due to the complexity of balancing high drug‐loading with high accumulations in solid tumors. Herein, a tumor‐targeting cellular drug delivery system (MAGN) by surface engineering of tumor‐homing macrophages (Mφs) with biologically responsive nanosponges is reported. The pores of the nanosponges are blocked with iron‐tannic acid complexes that serve as gatekeepers by holding encapsulated drugs until reaching the acidic tumor microenvironment. Molecular dynamics simulations and interfacial force studies are performed to provide mechanistic insights into the “ON‐OFF” gating effect of the polyphenol‐based supramolecular gatekeepers on the nanosponge channels. The cellular chemotaxis of the Mφ carriers enabled efficient tumor‐targeted delivery of drugs and systemic suppression of tumor burden and lung metastases in vivo. The findings suggest that the MAGN platform offers a versatile strategy to efficiently load therapeutic drugs to treat advanced metastatic cancers with a high loading capacity of various therapeutic drugs.
A tumor‐targeting cellular drug delivery system is developed by surface‐engineering macrophages with biologically responsive nanosponges gated by polyphenol‐based supramolecular “gatekeepers”. The nanosponges enables a high‐loading content of drugs, robust attachment to cellular surfaces, and drug‐controlled release in an acidic tumor microenvironment, which results in the efficient tumor‐targeting delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and the systemic suppression of tumors in vivo.
EL AUDIOBOOM Bencomo, Anadeli
Revista chilena de literatura,
05/2022
105
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
El siglo XXI ha experimentado un auge en la producción y consumo de literatura en formatos digitales. Dentro de este fenómeno conocido como el audioboom, la industria del audiolibro invita a ...preguntarnos por los reajustes de la experiencia literaria que marchan paralelamente con este cuarto formato del libro. ¿Qué se pierde y qué se gana en el transcurso de esta remediación del formato escrito al formato sonoro? Centrándonos en el caso de las audionovelas en español, este artículo trata de responder a interrogantes semejantes mientras se considera el rol de la crítica académica como custodio de ciertos paradigmas literarios.
The 21st century has witnessed the explosion of digital contents known as the audioboom (podcasts, audiobooks). Literary scholars raise questions about the literary experience related to the fourth format in the history of books, such as the inquiry about the effects of remediation from the written to the aural formats. This article addresses some of the issues around the audiobooks and their place in the literary world, while putting forward arguments against the role of traditional gatekeepers.
Current debate is dominated by fears of the threats of digital technology for democracy. One typical example is the perceived threats of malicious actors promoting disinformation through digital ...channels to sow confusion and exacerbate political divisions. The prominence of the threat of digital disinformation in the public imagination, however, is not supported by empirical findings which instead indicate that disinformation is a limited problem with limited reach among the public. Its prominence in public discourse is instead best understood as a “moral panic.” In this article, we argue that we should shift attention from these evocative but empirically marginal phenomena of deviance connected with digital media toward the structural transformations that give rise to these fears, namely those that have impacted information flows and attention allocation in the public arena. This account centers on structural transformations of the public arena and associated new challenges, especially in relation to gatekeepers, old and new. How the public arena serves actually existing democracy will not be addressed by focusing on disinformation, but rather by addressing structural transformations and the new challenges that arise from these.
Previous studies have found that political parties play a crucial role in explaining why certain minoritised groups are largely excluded from the parliamentary sphere. However, researchers still know ...relatively little about the specific challenges surrounding the selection of immigrant-origin candidates. There is some understanding of the demand dimension (e.g. aspiring migrants' lack of political resources), but not much has been discovered about the selection dimension thus far. This paper provides insights into party gatekeepers' attitudes toward the migration issue in candidate selection. Our work focuses on Germany, where over a quarter of the population has a 'migration background,' but these groups are significantly underrepresented in parliaments. Our findings draw from large-scale survey data collected at seven parties' nomination conferences for the 2017 Bundestag election. We conducted binary-logistical regressions to analyse how selecting party members' attitudes and social characteristics affect their support for balancing state lists. Our results show that the gatekeepers' hierarchical position within their parties (as grassroots or members of the party elite) has no impact on their support for increasing diversity. It is rather gatekeepers' ideological self-positioning, gender and general sensitivity toward politically marginalised groups that have a significant impact on their support for the migration issue.
Breschi S. and Lenzi C. The role of external linkages and gatekeepers for the renewal and expansion of US cities' knowledge base, 1990-2004, Regional Studies. This paper examines the role of external ...linkages and gatekeepers for the renewal and expansion of cities' knowledge base in US metropolitan co-invention networks. It is argued that the relative importance of direct external linkages and external relations mediated by gatekeepers varies according to specific local conditions. It is found that direct external relations, on average, contribute to broadening and rejuvenating the local knowledge base and outperform external links mediated by gatekeepers; the latter, however, are especially important in cities with a localized and specialized knowledge base, as they enable the trans-coding and absorption at the local level of externally sourced knowledge.
This article aims to contribute to a critical research agenda for investigating the democratic implications of citizen journalism and social news. The article calls for a broad conception of ‘citizen ...journalism’ which is (1) not an exclusively online phenomenon, (2) not confined to explicitly ‘alternative’ news sources, and (3) includes ‘metajournalism’ as well as the practices of journalism itself. A case is made for seeing democratic implications not simply in the horizontal or ‘peer-to-peer’ public sphere of citizen journalism networks, but also in the possibility of a more ‘reflexive’ culture of news consumption through citizen participation. The article calls for a research agenda that investigates new forms of gatekeeping and agenda-setting power within social news and citizen journalism networks and, drawing on the example of three sites, highlights the importance of both formal and informal status differentials and of the software ‘code’ structuring these new modes of news production.
Gatekeepers play a pivotal role in protecting individuals under their care and are central to keeping people safe and away from harm. In the field of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), a range of ...gatekeepers exist, including those who protect access to vulnerable research participants, those who protect school children, those charged with making decisions about funding priorities, and those in charge of clinical care for people who self-injure. The aim of this commentary is to outline the roles these different gatekeepers have in protecting access to research participants, access to NSSI knowledge, and access to clinical care for individuals who self-injure. We provide examples in which gatekeepers may present barriers and offer solutions for how to work with gatekeepers for mutual benefit.
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