Este artículo se centra en dos programas universitarios de escritura creativa en lengua española: el de la Universidad de Iowa y el de la Universidad de Texas en El Paso (UTEP). Para describir las ...orientaciones estéticas correspondientes a estas instituciones literarias, el artículo dialoga con dos campos: estudios de la escritura creativa como institución gatekeeper y estudios de la literatura latinoamericana en relación con el concepto de literatura mundial. La primera mitad del texto repasa la emergencia de la escritura creativa como disciplina universitaria en los Estados Unidos y su relación histórica con la literatura latinoamericana. La segunda mitad realiza una lectura de materiales textuales producidos por los dos programas, para ofrecer una tipología descriptiva de sus respectivas posiciones hacia la literatura mundial: una posición que se puede describir como cosmopolita y otra que mejor se concibe como una estética fronteriza.
This article focuses on two university programs in Spanish-language creative writing: one at the University of Iowa and the other at the University of Texas-El Paso (UTEP). In order to describe the aesthetic orientations corresponding to these literary institutions, the article dialogues with two fields: studies of creative writing as a gatekeeping institution and studies of Latin American literature in relation to the concept of world literature. The first half of the text reviews the emergence of creative writing as a university discipline in the United States and its historical relationship with Latin American literature. The second half carries out a reading of textual materials produced by the two programs, offering a descriptive typology of the different positions taken toward world literature in the two programs: one that can be described as cosmopolitan and another that is best conceived as a border aesthetics.
La traducción ha sido uno de los espacios desde el cual la literatura latinoamericana ha tenido una (re)configuración transnacional y una existencia dentro del campo literario internacional. En la ...segunda mitad del siglo XX, las traductoras y los traductores estadounidenses han ocupado un lugar importante en la circulación de la literatura latinoamericana en traducción y su internacionalización. Este artículo se centra en el papel de estos agentes de mediación cultural tomando como eje el concepto del archivo de traductor. Se presenta un panorama de las dinámicas de circulación de literatura y de narrativas según lo que se vislumbran en los rastros materiales de la práctica traductora en la cultura impresa. Se apunta al esbozo de una imagen de la narrativa latinoamericana durante el siglo XX que incorpora la traducción, tomando como eje a traductores como agentes importantes en la cultura impresa, y a proponer maneras de acercarse a la traducción como problema epistemológico y las y los traductores como agentes en el complejo panorama colectivo de la producción de la cultura.
Translation has been one of the realms of practice through which Latin American literature has been (re)configured transnationally and come to occupy a place in the international literary space. In the second half of the twentieth century, US translators played a key role in the circulation of Latin American narratives. This article focuses on these agents of cultural mediation, taking as a conceptual axis the notion of the “translator’s archive”. It offers and overview of the dynamics of cultural circulation as they can be traced in the materiality of translation and the documents that surround its practice. It aims to sketch an image of Latin American literature that incorporates translation and translators as key agents of print culture. It also seeks to illustrate ways to approach translation as an epistemological problem and translators as agents in the complex collective landscape of the production of culture.
Considerando las antologías como artefactos culturales, en este trabajo nos enfocamos en Pasaje de ida, publicada por Alfaguara Argentina, para analizar las antologías desde la categoría de ...gatekeeper, en tanto mediación editorial que tiene el fin de visibilizar y proyectar autores latinoamericanos. Reflexionamos en torno a qué funciones cumplen las antologías en el campo literario nacional y extranjero y qué relaciones existen entre la antología y la posición de los autores en el campo internacional de la literatura latinoamericana traducida. El texto explora la hipótesis de que las antologías cumplen una función productora en ambos sistemas: el campo nacional y el campo internacional. Esta antología es un prisma privilegiado para pensar la categoría de gatekeeper, y la inserción de autoras y autores en el mercado de la literatura latinoamericana traducida.
Considering anthologies as cultural artifacts, in this paper we focus on the case of Pasaje de ida, published by Alfaguara, to analyze the ways in which the anthology can be thought linked to the category of gatekeeper, as an editorial mediation that has the purpose of making Latin American authors visible. We reflect on what functions anthologies fulfill in the national and foreign literary fields and what relationships exist between the anthology and the position of the authors in the international field of translated Latin American literature. The text explores the hypothesis that anthologies fulfill a productive function in both systems: the national field and the international field. This anthology is a privileged prism to think about the category of gatekeeper, and the ways in which authors are inserted into the market for translated Latin American literature.
Este artículo propone un análisis del papel que desempeñan los agentes literarios como actores cada vez más decisivos en la proyección internacional de la literatura latinoamericana. Se ofrece una ...rápida historización de su emergencia y consolidación hasta llegar al contexto actual de la globalización. También se elabora un mapeo parcial de las agencias hoy más influyentes en la gestión de derechos de autores latinoamericanos. Se propone, además, una lectura de la novela El jardín de al lado, de José Donoso, como un texto que ficcionaliza el momento de aparición de los agentes en el mundo de habla hispana y las tensiones que generó su emergencia. Entre las conclusiones, se sostiene que la función de los agentes no es meramente gestionar derechos sino que su intervención posee un carácter creativo y que sirve para cohesionar el mercado transnacioal de literatura.
This article addresses the role played by literary agents as increasingly decisive actors in the international projection of Latin American literature. It offers a brief historization of their emergence and consolidation up to the current context of globalization, including a partial mapping of the most influential agencies in the management of Latin American authors’ rights. It also proposes an approach to the novel El jardín de al lado, by José Donoso, as a text that fictionalizes the moment of appearance of the agents in the Spanish-speaking world and the tensions generated by their emergence. Among the conclusions, it is argued that the role of agents is not merely to manage rights but that their intervention has a creative character and serves to cohere the transnational literature market.
Los festivales literarios cumplen un papel sustancial en la construcción del valor de la literatura latinoamericana en el siglo XXI, aunque apenas hayan sido estudiados en el campo del hispanismo. ...Desde el impacto de la globalización y el desarrollo neoliberal en la industria creativa, los festivales de literatura no solo han ido prodigándose a un lado y otro del Atlántico, sino que están llevando a cabo un proceso de mediación y legitimación pública de determinadas figuras, géneros, temáticas y estéticas que tienen un efecto en la conformación del gusto y en la nueva agenda mundial de valores literarios, sociales y económicos. El estudio de caso que presento se basa en un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de la programación del festival local Filba Internacional de Buenos Aires, desde 2008 a 2020.
Literary festivals play a substantial role in the construction of the value of Latin American literature in the 21st century, although they have hardly been adressed in the field of Latin American Studies. Since the impact of globalization and neoliberal development on the creative industry, literary festivals have not only been proliferating on both sides of the Atlantic but are also carrying out a process of gatekeeping and public legitimation of certain figures, genres, themes and aesthetics that have an effect on the shaping of taste and on the new world agenda of literary, social and economic values. The case study presented here is based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the programming of the local festival Filba Internacional in Buenos Aires, from 2008 to 2020.
Discussions about decolonising psychology now abound. A key perspective from which these commentaries have been written relates to a confrontation of the gatekeepers in global psychology. While this ...approach is valuable to end epistemological violence and other forms of injustice, it also ends up alienating influential scholars in hegemonic psychology who can magnify the impact of the decolonisation effort. In this article, I borrow from the anti-racism literature the concept of allyship to put forward a new concept of epistemological allyship (EA). I position EA to invite, but not to demand, support from and to provide guidance to gatekeepers who truly wish to support the decolonisation efforts. However, unlike the past experiences with ending slavery in which Black people were portrayed to or required to beg for freedom, this concept of EA is not to be understood in this light. Rather it should be understood to imply that while academics from the majority of the world (AMWs) are fighting their own epistemological battles, any helpful support is and should be welcome.
The lack of academic engagement in introductory science courses is considered by some to be a primary reason why students switch out of science majors. This study employed a sequential, explanatory ...mixed methods approach to provide a richer understanding of the relationship between student engagement and introductory science instruction. Quantitative survey data were drawn from 2,873 students within 73 introductory science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses across 15 colleges and universities, and qualitative data were collected from 41 student focus groups at eight of these institutions. The findings indicate that students tended to be more engaged in courses where the instructor consistently signaled an openness to student questions and recognizes her/his role in helping students succeed. Likewise, students who reported feeling comfortable asking questions in class, seeking out tutoring, attending supplemental instruction sessions, and collaborating with other students in the course were also more likely to be engaged. Instructional implications for improving students' levels of academic engagement are discussed.
•We explore how regional gatekeepers contribute to firms’ inventive performance through their intermediation role.•We identify corporate inventors with a gatekeeping position within firms.•We study ...whether their effect on the quality of inventions differs when gatekeepers cross organization, institutional and regional boundaries.•Gatekeepers have a higher impact when they work for firms involved in inter-organization collaborations in multiple-region teams.•Conversely, external stars have either no effect or a negative impact on inventive quality.
It is increasingly emphasized that the innovative performance of regions depends on the right balance between local development and external openness. The paper contributes to this discussion by exploring how regional gatekeepers contribute to inventive performance through their intermediation role as they establish extra-local linkages in addition to their local embeddedness. More specifically, we investigate whether firms benefit from the gatekeeping position of their inventors. To do so, we identify corporate inventors with a gatekeeper position, and study whether their presence in inventor teams affects the quality of inventions and differs when gatekeepers cross organizational (intrafirm, interfirm versus science-industry) and/or regional boundaries (one or multiple regions). Our results show that gatekeepers have a higher impact on the quality of inventions when they work for firms involved in inter-firm collaborations unlike external stars who have either no effect or a negative impact on inventive quality.
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