Obiectivul studiului a fost de investigarea fenotipului şi genotipului PON1 la pacienţii români cu obezitate abdominală. Material şi metodă. Loturile din studiu au constat din 88 de pacienţi cu ...obezitate abdominală şi 46 subiecţi cu circumferinţă abdominală normală. Pentru fiecare pacient am determinat parametri clinici care ar putea influenţa activităţile PON1. Polimorfismele Q192R şi L55M ale genei PON1 au fost identificate prin PCR-RFLP (polimorfismul lungimii fragmentelor de restricţie) prin utilizarea unor primeri şi enzime de restricţie specifice. Activităţile PON1 lactonază, paraoxonază şi arilesteraza au fost măsurate prin metode spectofotometrice. Analiza statistică a genotipurilor PON1 şi activităţilor ei la pacienţii obezi şi nonobezi a fost realizată cu programul MedCalc (versiunea 12.5.0.0). Rezultate: Nu am găsit o diferenţă semnificativă între pacienţii obezi şi nonobezi în ceea ce priveşte vârsta şi sexul. Studiul a revelat faptul că activităţile PON1 nu sunt influenţate de sexul pacienţilor. Dintre activităţile PON1, doar activitatea paraoxonazei a fost invers corelată cu vârsta (p=0,05). Circumferinţa abdominală a influenţat independent doar variaţia activităţii arilesterazei (R2=6,5%); p=0,003). Distribuţia genotipurilor PON1 între loturi a fost semnificativ diferită doar pentru Q192R (p=0,007), dar nu şi pentru genotipurile L55M. Genotipul QR a avut cea mai mare influenţă asupra activităţii paraoxonazei (R2=40,6; p<0,001). Genotipul MM a avut cea mai mare influenţă asupra variaţiei arilesterazei (R2=11.3%; p<0,001) şi lactonazei (R2=7,4%, P<0.001). Concluzie. Distribuţia genotipurilor Q192R a fost semnificativ diferită la pacienţii obezi, comparativ cu martorii, iar genotipul QR a influenţat mult activitatea paraoxonazei. Genotipul MM a avut influenţa independentă cea mai mare asupra activităţilor arilesterazei şi lactonazei.
Aim: The purpose of this study is to research the differences of genotype polymorphism between the elite male and elite female basketball player, volleyball player and control group.Material and ...Methods: 58 basketball players (ages 24.25±4.99 years, height 188.22±12.31 cm and weight 80.62±16.34 kg), 64 volleyball players (ages 22.82±5.40 years, height 188.67±9.69 cm and weight 77.82±12.14 kg) and 122 sedentary subjects (control group) were participated randomly in the study. 5cc blood was taken control and control groups for measuring the ACE gene polymorphism. Chi-square and analysis of variance (ANOVA), Levene’s Tests, and frequencies of allele were used for statistical evaluation at significance level p<0.05.Results: There were no significance differences in genotype distribution and allele frequency of the ACE gene between athletes and control group (p>0.05), basketball, volleyball and control group (p>0.05), male basketball, volleyball and control group (p>0.05), female basketball, volleyball and control group (p>0.05) and male and female athletes (p>0.05) respectively. There were no significance differences in male athletes between the genotype distribution and physical performance tests, such as 20m shuttle-run (F=1.31), vertical jump (F=0.22), and 20m sprint test (F=0.44). There were also no significance differences in female athletes between the genotype distribution and physical performance tests, such as 20m shuttle-run (F=2.03), vertical jump (F=0.10), and 20m sprint test (F=1.17).Conclusion: ACE polymorphism genotype distribution in terms of elite female and male volleyball players with elite female and male basketball players are the same.
Amaç: Çalışmamızda elit erkek ve bayan basketbolcu ve voleybolcuların ACE genotiplerini belirleyerek, kontrol grubu ve sporcuların genotip polimorfizmi bakımdan farklılıklarını araştırdık.Materyal ve Yöntem: Araştırmada 58 elit basketbolcu (yaş 24.25±4.99 yıl, boy 188.22±12.31cm ve kilo 80.62±16.34kg), 64 elit voleybolcu (yaş 22.82±5.40yıl, boy 188.67±9.69cm ve kilo 77.82±12.14kg) ile 122 sedanter denek (kontrol grubu) tesadüfi olarak belirlendi. Denek ve kontrol grubundan 5cc. kan alınarak ACE gen polimorfizmleri belirlendi. Elde edilen değerlerin X2, ANOVA, Levene’s Testi, t testi ve alel frekans dağılımları hesaplandı. Erkek basketbolcu ve voleybolcuların alel frekans yoğunluğu Ki-Kare testi ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Sporcu ve sedanter gruplar arasında (p>0.05), basketbolcu, voleybolcu ve sedanter bireyler arasında (p>0.05), Erkek basketbolcu, voleybolcu ve sedanterler arasında (p>0.05), bayan basketbolcular, voleybocular ve sedanterler arasında (p>0.05) ve erkek ve bayan sporcular arasında (p>0.05) anlamlı bir sonuç bulunmamıştır. Erkek sporcuların genotip özellikleri ile fiziksel performans testleri (20m mekik koşusu (F=1.31), dikey sıçrama (F=0.22), 20m sprint (F=0.44)) arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunmadı. Bayan sporcularda da genotip özellikleri ile fiziksel performans testleri (20m mekik koşusu (F=2.03), dikey sıçrama (F=0.10), 20m sprint (F=1.17)) arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunmadı.Sonuçlar: Elit bayan ve erkek basketbolcular ile elit bayan ve erkek voleybolcuların ACE polimorfizmi bakımından genotip dağılımları aynıdır.
In this study, the responses of 20 different bean genotypes (13 pole and 7 dwarf) to salt (NaCl) stress at 0 mM, 25 mM and 50 mM were investigated. Salt application was performed together with ...irrigation water in the same time every day during 4 days. In the study, which was prepared according to randomized plot design with 3 replications, the plants were grown in the pots containing peat-perlite in a ratio of 2:1 under climatic conditions of 23±2°C. Root dry matter, root fresh and dry weight and some nutrient contents (Phosphorus-P, Copper-Cu, Zinc-Zn, Manganese-Mn, Iron-Fe and Magnesium-Mg) were investigated in order to determine salinity tolerance in bean genotypes. The data obtained from the study revealed that salt stress responds differently in both genotypes and applications. When the average of applications of 25 mM and 50 mM salt stress was examined, it was found that while root fresh and dry weight, root dry matter (%) and Fe content increased compared to control group, Mn and P content decreased. Among the genotypes exposed to salt stress, while four genotypes two pole (numbered as 13 and 19) and two dwarf (numbered as 8 and 11) were determined to be tolerant to salt, 3 genotypes one pole (numbered as 14) and two dwarf (numbered as 18 and 20) were evaluated as sensitive.
This study was carried out to determine the effects of two different cage systems (enriched and conventional) and low and high stocking densities on performance, egg quality and egg shell ...microorganisms. In study, two different genotypes were used to native (Atak-S) and foreign (Lohmann) hens occurred of 864 hens used. As the cage system, the battery type was used in the conventional system and the enriched cage type was used in the alternative system. The results indicated that genotype and cage system significantly affected egg production and egg mass in the laying period (18-76 weeks). It was determined that Lohmann genotype and conventional cages had significantly higher egg production and egg mass in this period. It was seen that hens consumed significantly higher feed in enriched cages than in conventional cages, and were significantly better feed conversion ratio in low stocking density compared to high stocking density. The effects of genotype and cages system on the quality characteristics of eggs were found to be significant, and it was determined quality characteristics of Lohmann eggs were better (especially eggshell quality. In addition, it was understood that the internal quality of the eggs in the conventional cages and the external quality characteristics of the eggs in the enriched system were positively affected. The total numbers of microorganisms were determined to be higher on shell of eggs from enriched cages than conventional cages. The total numbers of microorganisms were higher in enriched cage eggs compared to conventional cage eggs. However, stocking density was not a significant effect on the microbial load of the eggshell.
The development of genotypes, which can be adapted to a wide range of
environments, is the one of the most important goal of plant breeders in a crop
improvement program. In this study, 6 six ...stability measures consisting of 4 parametric and 2 nonparametric were used to evaluate the genotype by environment interaction (GEI) in 20 durum wheat genotypes. The genotypes were evaluated for grain yield at fourteen environments in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey for two years. The experimental layout was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Genotypes, environments main effects and GEI were significant at P < 0.01. Both parametric ($b _i, S^2 _ {di} R_i^ 2 , P_{i}$) and nonparametric ($S_i^ {(1)} , S_i^{(2)}$) univariate stability statistics were used to determine stability of the durum wheat genotypes. Genotypes 20, 13 and 12 were most stables based on genotypes according to six stability measures. The level of associations among the stability measures was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. Regression coefficient $(b_i)$ was negatively and significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with superiority index $(P_i)$. On
the other hand, $S_i^ {(1)} , S_i^{(2)}$ and $S^2 {di}$ were positively and significantly correlated with $P_i$. As a result, these relationships reveal that only one of them could be sufficient to select
genotypes of interest in a durum wheat breeding program.
Assessing the thermo-tolerance potentials of five commercial layer chicken genotypes under long-term heat stress environment as measured by their performance traits This study was conducted to test ...the thermo-tolerance ability of five commercial chicken genotypes (Lohmann Brown, LB; Lohmann White, LW; New Hampshire, NH ; White Leghorn selected for low feed expenditure, WL-FE and White Leghorn with sex-linked dwarf gene, WL-dw) under long-term heat exposure. Two-hundred forty female chickens were assigned to a completely randomized design in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangements (five genetic groups and two ambient temperatures thermo-neutral, 18-20 °C; heat stress, 30-32 °C). Individual eggs were collected on daily basis while egg weight and feed intake were determined on individual and group basis at 28-days intervals, respectively. Shell quality traits were determined at 25, 40 and 56 weeks age. No Genotype × ambient temperature interactions were found except for body weight and egg deformation. Chickens at thermo-neutral temperature produced significantly heavier eggs than those of heat-exposed (60 g vs. 54 g). Hen-housed egg production of chickens in thermo-neutral temperature was significantly higher than those of heat-stressed (76.8 % vs. 66.2 %). Daily egg mass production at thermo-neutral and heat stressed chickens was 46 g and 35.8 g, respectively. Feed consumption in heat-stressed and thermo-neutral chickens was 109 and 80.8 g, respectively. Shell thickness, breaking strength and Haugh unit values were significantly reduced in heat-stressed chickens. Among heat-exposed chickens, the NH had the highest body weight while the LW produced 10 % more eggs than the group average. The heat-induced effect on shell quality traits was lowest in LW chickens. The results indicated that the magnitude of heat stress was breed dependent in which the LB showed poor adaptability to heat stress while both NH and LW genotypes demonstrated better thermo-tolerance ability.
Ocena tolerančnega potenciala petih komercianih genotipov kokoši nesnic na osnovi proizvodnih lastnosti pod pogoji dolgotrajnega toplotnega stresa V študiji smo testirali toplotno toleranco petih komercialnih genotipov kokoši (Lohmann Brown, LB; Lohmann White, LW; New Hampshire, NH ; beli leghorn, selekcioniran na nizko porabo krme, WL-FE in beli leghorn s spolno vezanim genom za pritlikavost, WLdw) pod pogoji dolgotrajne izpostavljenosti visokim temperaturam. Za naključno zasnovan 5 × 2 faktorski poskus (pet genetskih skupin in dve ambientalni temperaturi termo nevtralna, 18-20 °C; toplotni stres, 30-32 °C) smo uporabili 240 kokoši. Jajca smo zbirali individualno vsak dan, poraba krme pa je bila ocenjena individualno in za posamezne skupine v 28-dnevnih intervalih. Kakovost jajčne lupine smo ocenili pri starosti 25, 40 in 56 tednov. Med genotipi in okoljskimi temperaturami nismo našli interakcij, razen za telesno maso in deformacije jajc. Kokoši so v termo nevtralnem okolju proizvajale statistično zančilno težja jajca (60 g) kot kokoši pod toplotnim stresom (54 g). Proizvodnja jajc kokoši v termo nevtralnem okolju je bila statistično značilno višja (76,8 %) kot pod pogoji toplotnega stresa (66,2 %). Dnevna proizvodnja jajčne mase je bila višja v termonevtralnem okolju (46 g) kot pod pogoji toplotnega stresa (35,8 g). Poraba krme v termo nevtralnem okolju je bila nižja (80,8 g) kot pod pogoji toplotnega stresa (109 g), debelina jajčne lupine, trdnost lupine in vrednosti v Haughovih enotah so bile statistično značilno zmanjšane pri kokoših v pogojih toplotnega stresa. Med kokošmi pod toplotnim stresom je imel genotip NH najvišjo telesno maso, genotip LW pa je proizvedel 10 % več jajc kot je bilo povprečje skupine. Najmanj opazen je bil vpliv okoljske temperature na kakovost lupine pri genotipu LW. Naši rezultati kažejo, da je stopnja toplotnega stresa odvisna od genotipa, pri čemer ima LB najslabšo prilagodljivost na toplotn stres, medtem ko sta genotipa NH in LW pokazala boljšo toleranco za povišano okoljsko temperaturo.
This study was conducted to collect, preserve and identify local oat genotypes grown in the Central and Western Black Sea region. Within the scope of the research, 251 local oat genotypes were ...collected from the places where they were cultivated in Düzce, Bolu, Zonguldak, Karabük, Kastamonu, Ordu, Sinop, Samsun, Amasya and Tokat provinces. The collected genotypes together with 4 standard oat varieties were taken into field trial in Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Agriculture Research and Application field according to Augmented trial design in 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. As a result of the study, it was found that there were significant variations in terms of the parameters examined. Among the genotypes, the growth pattern of the 229 genotypes was perpendicular, The cluster genotypes of 163 genotypes were scattered, 132 genotypes were yellow in color, 157 genotypes were strongly stringy and 154 genotypes had callus hairiness. When the Matrix table was examined, it was found that the local genotypes with semi-horizontal growth pattern were not found in Amasya, Karabük, Kastamonu, Samsun and Tokat locations. In particular, parameters such as growth type, cluster type, color of husk, awn condition and callus hairiness. it provides ease of identification, since it does not affect the environmental conditions. In the light of this information, it is thought that the genetic variation is high in terms of ecology in which local genotypes are collected and will be beneficial for the protection of our genetic resources and for the future of national agriculture.
This study was carried out to determine the yield performances of 20 bread wheat genotypes across six environments in Central Anatolia, Turkey, in the 2000-2001 growing season. The experimental ...layout was a randomized complete block design with four replications. Additive main effects and multiplicative interactions analysis (AMMI) indicated that the yield performances of genotypes were under the major environmental effects of genotype by environmental interactions. The first two principal component axes (PCA 1 and 2) were significant (p < 0.01) and cumulatively contributed to 78.64% of the total genotype by environment interaction. A biplot generated using genotypic and environmental scores of the first two AMMI components also showed that genotypes with larger PCA 1 and lower PCA 2 scores gave high yields (stable genotypes), and genotypes with lower PCA 1 and larger PCA 2 scores had low yields (unstable genotypes), as in the sites tested.
This study was conducted to determine fresh forage yield, dry matter yield, and their affecting components in promising narbon vetch lines (Vicia narbonensis L.) under rainfed conditions in the ...Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Field trials were performed in the research areas of GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center (GAP IARTC) in Diyarbakir, Turkey during the 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11 growing seasons with winter sowings. Experiments were established according to randomized blocks design with three replications. Although the genotype × year interaction for the natural plant height trait was not found to be significant, the interaction was statistically significant (P<0.05) for the main stem number trait. For the other five traits, including fresh forage and dry matter yields, the genotype × year interaction was highly statistically significant (P<0.01). Among growing seasons and genotypes the investigated traits had ranges as follows: fresh forage yield – 19.42-37.95 t ha; dry matter yield – 4.07-7.16 t ha; days to 50% flowering – 142.3-171.0 days; natural plant height – 63.8-79.3 cm; main stem height – 79.3-133.3 cm; main stem numbers per plant – 1.93-3.40 stems plant; and main stem thickness – 33.2-4.97 mm. Correlation analyses indicated that there were highly significant and positive correlation between fresh forage yield and dry matter yield, though the correlation between fresh forage yield and days to 50% flowering were found as statistically significant and positive (P<0.05). According to averages over the three study years five promising narbon vetch lines: IFVN 564-Sel 2379, IFVN 565-Sel 2380, IFVN 567-Sel 2382, IFVN 116-Sel 2461, IFVN 562-Sel 2470, were all found more productive than the control cultivar, Tarman-2002, in terms of both fresh forage yield and dry matter yield.
Study objective. The objective of this study was to investigate PON1 phenotype and genotype in Romanian patients with abdominal obesity. Materials and methods. The study groups consisted of 88 ...patients with abdominal obesity and 46 subjects with normal waist circumference, matched for age and gender. For each patient, we determined the clinical parameters that may influence PON1 activities. Q192R and L55M polymorphisms analysis in the PON1 gene were performed by PCR-RFLP using specific primers and restriction enzymes. PON1 lactonase, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were assayed by spectrophotometric methods. Analysis of PON1 genotypes and activities distribution in the obese and non-obese individuals was performed with Med- Calc Software (Version 12.4.0.0). Results. There was no statistically significant difference between obese and controls in regards to age and gender. The study revealed that PON1 activities were not influenced by gender. Of all PON1 activities, only the paraoxonase activity was inversely correlated with age, being significantly reduced in patients with abdominal obesity compared to non-obesity (p=0.009). Abdominal circumference independently influenced only the variation of arylesterase activity (R
=6.5%, p=0.003). Distribution of PON1 genotypes in the study groups was significantly different (p=0.007) only for the Q192R but not for the L55M genotypes. The QR genotype had the highest influence on paraoxonase activity (R2=40.6; p<0.001). The MM genotype had the greatest influence on arylesterase (R
=11.3%, p<0.001) and lactonase activities (R
=7.4%, p<0.001). Conclusions. Q192R genotypes distribution was significantly different in obese patients and the QR genotype influenced greatly the paraoxonase activity. The MM genotype had the most important independent influence on the lactonase and arylesterase activities .
Obiectivul studiului a fost de investigarea fenotipului şi genotipului PON1 la pacienţii români cu obezitate abdominală. Material şi metodă. Loturile din studiu au constat din 88 de pacienţi cu obezitate abdominală şi 46 subiecţi cu circumferinţă abdominală normală. Pentru fiecare pacient am determinat parametri clinici care ar putea influenţa activităţile PON1. Polimorfismele Q192R şi L55M ale genei PON1 au fost identificate prin PCR-RFLP (polimorfismul lungimii fragmentelor de restricţie) prin utilizarea unor primeri şi enzime de restricţie specifice. Activităţile PON1 lactonază, paraoxonază şi arilesteraza au fost măsurate prin metode spectofotometrice. Analiza statistică a genotipurilor PON1 şi activităţilor ei la pacienţii obezi şi nonobezi a fost realizată cu programul MedCalc (versiunea 12.5.0.0). Rezultate: Nu am găsit o diferenţă semnificativă între pacienţii obezi şi nonobezi în ceea ce priveşte vârsta şi sexul. Studiul a revelat faptul că activităţile PON1 nu sunt influenţate de sexul pacienţilor. Dintre activităţile PON1, doar activitatea paraoxonazei a fost invers corelată cu vârsta (p=0,05). Circumferinţa abdominală a influenţat independent doar variaţia activităţii arilesterazei (R
=6,5%); p=0,003). Distribuţia genotipurilor PON1 între loturi a fost semnificativ diferită doar pentru Q192R (p=0,007), dar nu şi pentru genotipurile L55M. Genotipul QR a avut cea mai mare influenţă asupra activităţii paraoxonazei (R
=40,6; p<0,001). Genotipul MM a avut cea mai mare influenţă asupra variaţiei arilesterazei (R
=11.3%; p<0,001) şi lactonazei (R
=7,4%, P<0.001). Concluzie. Distribuţia genotipurilor Q192R a fost semnificativ diferită la pacienţii obezi, comparativ cu martorii, iar genotipul QR a influenţat mult activitatea paraoxonazei. Genotipul MM a avut influenţa independentă cea mai mare asupra activităţilor arilesterazei şi lactonazei.
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