The protection of geographical indications in Indonesia is still limited to the goods sector, but not yet for the service sector. The purpose of this study is to analyze the opportunities for the ...protection of geographical indications in the service sector within the legal framework in Indonesia. This research is a doctrinal research using a conceptual and statute approachs. The results of the study can be concluded that the opportunity for protection of geographical indications in the service sector is very good with an argument consisting of 4 aspects, including the provisions of the TRIPS agreement which are open, the potential for uniqueness of the region. based services, protection through the relative geographical indications still has weaknesses, and protection through communal intellectual property (traditional knowledge) is also relatively weak. The opportunities for the protection of geographical indications are also very relevant to several legal protection theories, including: predictive and anticipatory legal protection theory, integrative and coordinative theory, and social ownership theory.
Introduction: Weak protection of geographical indication law owned by users of geographically indicated goods or products cause unfulfilled the rights they deserve. The factors causing it are divided ...into 2, namely: 1. Weak position owned by users of geographically indicated goods or products. and 2. Weak regulation of law that provide legal protection to users of geographically indicated goods or products.Purposes of the Research: This research aims to analyze and explain factors that cause weak protection of geographical indication law for users of geographically indicated goods or products and also to find out the submission mechanism and procedure of geographical indication infringement lawsuit.Methods of the Research: This study used normative legal research. Research material used primary and secondary legal materials. Data was from library research. Discussion had been collected then processed and analyzed using qualitative approach then at the end of the research, conclusions were drawn using deductive method.Results of the Research: Factors caused weak protection of geographical indication law for geographically indicated users of goods and will provide input for appropriate legal regulations to increase protection of geographical indication law in the future. Furthermore, this also has a positive impact to users of geographically indicated goods and products that they could take legal action against business actors for losses they got in accordance with mechanism and procedure for filling geographical indication infringement lawsuit based on provisions of the applicable law.
The Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights data in December 2021 show that only 10% of 97 local handicraft products were registered in Geographical Indication and none of those are East ...Java products. In fact, East Java owns numerous handicrafts sold in the export market. The registration of GI, as in brand registration, can help Small and Medium Industries to market their products abroad. The causal factors of the nonexistence of GI registration for handicrafts in East Java should be studied. It is crucial to know the attempts of East Java’s regional government to develop the access quality of trading local’s handicraft through GI. This is a juridical-empiric study, using juridical sociology approach. The results reveal that the three regional governments, Malang Regency, Ponorogo Regency, and Tulungagung Regency understood the branding concept but not GI protection. According to Syathibi’s maslahah concept, GI regulation and regional government’s role are urgent to keep legal purposes, that is to protect local society. GI is a communal right of ownership–in the Milkiyyah concept it is called al Milk al ‘Ammah–that can be jointly used. This study is a recommendation for local governments to facilitate the GI for the handicraft businessmen.Data Dirjen Hak Kekayaan Intelektual pada Desember 2021 menunjukkan bahwa masih 10% dari 97 produk kerajinan tangan masyarakat lokal yang terdaftar Indikasi Geografis dan belum ada produk kerajinan tangan Jawa Timur yang terdaftar. Faktanya, Jawa Timur memiliki banyak kerajinan tangan yang sudah masuk pasar ekspor. Pendaftaran indikasi geografis sebagaimana pendaftaran merek, dapat membantu pelaku industri kecil menengah dalam perdagangan ke luar negeri. Faktor penyebab belum adanya pendaftaran indikasi geografis untuk kerajinan tangan di Jawa Timur menarik dikaji. Penting mengetahui upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah di Jawa Timur dalam meningkatkan kualitas akses perdagangan kerajinan tangan masyarakat melalui indikasi geografis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga pemerintah daerah yang menjadi sampel penelitian yaitu Kabupaten Malang, Kabupaten Ponorogo, dan Kabupaten Tulungagung memahami konsep merek namun belum memahami konsep perlindungan indikasi geografis. Menurut konsep kemaslahatan Syathibi, pengaturan indikasi geografis dan pentingnya peran pemerintah daerah adalah untuk memelihara tujuan hukum yaitu melindungi masyarakat lokal. Indikasi geografis merupakan hak milik komunal yang dalam konsep al-Milkiyyah disebut al-milk al-‘ammah yang boleh diambil manfaatnya bersama-sama. Penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi rekomendasi pemerintah daerah terkait pentingnya memberikan pendampingan indikasi geografis pada pelaku usaha kerajinan tangan.
This study comprehensively characterised a protected designation of origin mussel ‘Cozza di Scardovari’ (Mytilus galloprovincialis) by examining how it is affected by the farming site (outer vs. ...inner area of the lagoon) and harvest time (21 April vs. 18 May vs. 16 June). Harvest time affected the marketable traits and fatty acid profile of mussels, whereas farming site scarcely affected marketable traits and mussel yields. Mussels from the inner area of the lagoon displayed a superior nutritional profile, including higher contents of proteins (7.8% vs. 7.4%; P < 0.05), lipids (1.2% vs. 1.0%; P < 0.001) and essential amino acids such as tryptophan (+24%; P < 0.05) and valine (+8%; P < 0.05), with a more favourable n-3/n-6 ratio (7.7 vs. 7.0; P < 0.001) than those from the close-to-sea area. Volatile organic compounds, mainly octanoic acid, dimethyl sulphide and 1-penten-3-ol, differed between farming sites within the same lagoon.
•This is the first study to comprehensively characterise a Mediterranean mussel.•‘Cozza di Scardovari’ mussels were remarkably low in sodium and heavy metals.•The lagoon environment influenced mussel nutritional and volatile profiles.•Harvest time largely affected the marketable traits and fatty acids profile of mussels.
Data mengatakan Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan sumber daya alam, bahkan menjadi negara dengan sumber daya alam paling melimpah di dunia. Perspektif kekayaan intelektual, potensi-potensi ...itu merupakan produk yang dapat dilindungi berdasarkan kepemilikan komunal indikasi geografis. Setelah meratifikasi beberapa perjanjian internasional, terutama Persetujuan TRIPs, Indonesia berkewajiban memiliki regulasi yang memberikan perlindungan kepada indikasi geografis. Pada beberapa regulasi yang pernah ada, pemerintah daerah diberikan kewenangan sebagai pemohon saat pendaftaran sebuah produk sebagai indikasi geografis di kementerian. Faktanya, peran pemerintah daerah kurang optimal, terutama bila dilihat dari potensi yang dimiliki, ditambah regulasi sifatnya tidak imperatif. Penelitian ini bersifat normative dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Dari hasil kajian yang sudah dilakukan, didapati hasil bahwa kedudukan pemerintah daerah dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis tidak imperatif mengatur secara spesifik kedudukan pemerintah daerah, sehingga dengan yang melimpah hanya sedikit yang didaftarkan akibat kurangnya kontribusi pemerintah daerah.
This reprint focuses on the complexity of the European Union food systems and their progress in achieving Farm to Forks’ and European Green Deal strategies’ goals. Nowadays, the sustainability of ...food systems’ issue is a crucial driver for the mitigation and adaptation climate change actions and for the reduction of environmental degradation. The presented research, analyzing different strategies and tools, has provided updated solutions for several agri-food sectors and geographical areas.
Purpose: Geographical indications (GIs) within the European Union are – as is known – legally protected designations highlighting unique qualities of products tied to their place of origin; ...accordingly, GIs can promote sustainable agricultural practices, preserve traditional knowledge and contribute to rural development, but, notwithstanding, issues in verifying and authenticating GI products persist. Within this framework, this paper investigates the intersection of EU geographical indication law with sustainability goals and potential applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in streamlining GI compliance and enhancing consumer trust. Study design/methodology/approach: The behind research employs a mixed-methods approach; in fact, it includes a systematic review of relevant EU legislation and policy documents alongside qualitative case studies exploring the use of AI-based technologies (e.g., precision agriculture, terroir monitoring, traceability systems…) in GI value chains. Findings: The analysis confirms the wanted complex interplay between GI law and sustainability; in this way, while GIs can be powerful tools for promoting environmentally responsible production, existing frameworks may not fully capture all dimensions of sustainability; in addition, case studies demonstrate the promise of AI in improving product traceability, combating fraud and supporting informed consumer choices regarding GI products. Originality/value: Therefore, the paper argues for a more holistic approach to GI law that integrates sustainability metrics beyond geographic origin, suggesting that responsible AI adoption presents the potential to significantly strengthen GI systems: policy recommendations should include incentivising the development of ethical AI solutions for GI verification, promoting data sharing along supply chains, and raising consumer awareness of the sustainability benefits associated with GI products.
Food, agriculture, and labeling, affecting the environment are well connected concepts, the balance between them being determined not only by pedological and climatic factors or the development level ...of agricultural techniques, but also by national governments and international organizations’ food processing, trade policies and regulations. In this context, the European Union (EU) encourages the use of different food quality schemes: “Protected Designation of Origin” (PDO), “Protected Geographical Indication” (PGI), and “Traditional Specialty Guaranteed” (TSG) to protect producers of special-quality foods and assist consumers in their purchasing decisions. This review examines existing studies on the impact of these labels on customers behavior. A total of 32 studies were found and systematized. The papers were selected if they featured unique empirical research on consumer perceptions of any of PDO, PGI and TSG labels. Using the search strategy, a literature analysis was performed based on papers extracted from Web of Science, Springer Link, Emerald Insights, and Science Direct. Although these papers highlight quite diversified findings, the internationally used labels play an increasing role in contemporary society and pandemic conditions caused by COVID-19, thus making the quality schemes relevant in consumer decision-making processes.
•Attitude towards traditional eating influence the intention to adopt a healthy diet.•Local food producers should strengthen healthy attributes associated to products.•Results heterogeneities exist ...across the countries due to different food culture.•Policies should consider the interlink of food culture and nutrition profiles of foods.
Traditional foods are often perceived to be high in fat and energy-dense and therefore individuals that aim to adopt a healthy diet could be discouraged to consume them. To date, consumer research investigating the interlink of healthy and traditional eating attitudes is lacking. We conducted a cross-country study with a total sample of 5928 consumers from 10 countries worldwide and used the Theory of Planned Behavior as a theoretical framework, to examine the mediating effect of attitude towards traditional eating on the behavioral intention to adopt a healthy diet (target behavior). Our results showed a general positive attitude towards adopting a healthy diet. The model showed that Attitude, Subjective Norms, and Control Beliefs related to the Behavioral Intention of adopting a healthy diet are all significantly correlated with the Attitude towards traditional eating (ATT-TE). Moreover, results indicated that the ATT-TE positively and significantly influence the behavioral intention of adopting a healthy diet. However, if we look at the country level, the effects of the ATT-TE are very heterogeneous. This could be due to the different perception between the interlink of traditional food and healthiness among people, which is often culturally dependent. Several practical and policy implications could include i) policies to increase familiarity with and appreciation towards traditional healthy food, ii) opportunities for campaigns to strengthen the regional marketing of traditional and healthy products, and iii) variations in positioning and messaging emphasis, based on consumer perceptions on the healthiness of traditional food.
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