This paper attempts to explore the relationship between the 'eco-' prefix of the term 'ecosophy' and the 'geo-' prefix of the term geography, delving into the conceptualization of 'earth' that each ...prefix prioritizes. I argue that the geo- prefix has pushed geographers towards conceiving of the earth as a surface across which differences are spread, whereas the eco- prefix pushes us towards a conceptualization of the earth as 'home'. To explore this further, I focus on the ethics that they therefore encourage, particularly in consideration of how humans relate to the earth. I trace a history from Hartshorne's description of geography through a series of examples of 'geo' oriented ethical writings, before turning towards the ecosophies written about by Arne Naess and Felix Guattari. To illustrate the application of these ideas, I then explore how they might help us rethink various contemporary debates about artificial lighting in the context of climate change, light pollution, mobilities and use of energy. While the geo and the eco share multiple values, the addition and consideration of the earth as 'eco' might push geography towards a greater reflection as to how we relate to the earth and to others who might call it home.
Se pasa revista a las ideas de Ratzel, reconociéndole como una especie de padre putativo del concepto de territorio en la geografía contemporánea. Desde este hito, se analizan los aportes de tres ...geógrafos: Jean Gottman, Yves Lacoste y Claude Raffestin, quienes sentaron las bases de una renovación de la geografía política prevaleciente entre los círculos intelectuales del siglo xx, originando lo que se podría denominar geografías políticas posvidalianas y posratzeleanas. Del análisis se concluye la imposibilidad de aceptar sin mayor discusión la separación del pensamiento geográfico contemporáneo y actual entre las escuelas anglosajonas y francófonas, por cuanto son más notables las variaciones y giros en las comprensiones de los conceptos, como es el caso del territorio, que ocurren al interior de cada una que entre ellas.
Claude Raffestin's Italian Travels Minca, Claudio
Environment and planning. D, Society & space,
02/2012, Letnik:
30, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper is focused on the contribution that French Swiss geographer Claude Raffestin has made to Italian geography studies and, more generally, on his role in linking Italian geography to social ...theory and philosophy. It also explores the adoption of, and the engagement with, his ideas by a select group of Italian geographers during the last three decades or so. The first part of this paper claims that one reason for such an influence is Raffestin's capacity to be often conceptually ‘ahead of time’ and to his extraordinary capacity to present his theoretical approach in a very accessible way. While reflecting on how his concepts of ‘territory’ and ‘territoriality’, together with his speculation on the relationship between semiotics, power, and space, left a deep mark on the ways in which the discipline is practised in Italy today, the paper also shows how and why other aspects of Raffestin's work were less received. The second part of this paper is thus focused on four key ‘intersections’ of people, concepts, events, etc in which Raffestin's specific contribution to the Italian intellectual scene became particularly remarkable. The conclusion, while restating that any clear cultural mapping of Raffestin's ‘Italian travels’ is, perhaps, an operation doomed to failure (if anything, because of the complexity of his diverse interventions), at the same time highlights how his work has been and continues today to be of extraordinary relevance for Italian geographers and for their practice.
The article offers a geographical perception of the relationship between social (anthropogenic) and geographical processes including their effects that becomes clearly evident in the case of natural ...disasters. In modern times, geographical processes are often overlooked as participants in the formation of landscapes. The article considers them from the viewpoint of their visibility in the social sphere, that is, from the viewpoint of the social memory of natural disasters as preserved in oral, written, and architectural accounts as well as other results of human actions in nature. We compare the social memory of natural disasters with the so-called “geographical memory” reflected in the impacts of geographical processes that are visible in the landscape, for example, in features of the relief. The geographical perception of the social and natural elements of the landscape or the imprint of social and geographical processes on the landscape, which can be viewed as a palimpsest, depends on the place and time of observation and on the size and frequency of events. Using selected examples we showed that a quantitative definition is possible of the impact of individual factors on the development of the landscape, which is important for the assessment of geographical processes and for decision-making related to the extent, rationality, and necessity of human interventions in nature. In this framework we also confirmed the importance of the geographical information systems for geography.
Milton Santos foi o geógrafo que mais visibilidade deu à Geografia brasileira. Sua militância permanente em prol da cidadania e da ética extrapolou os muros acadêmicos. Produziu uma obra numerosa e ...complexa, uma verdadeira teoria geográfica do espaço, que apresenta diferentes fases e faces e reclama ainda muita reflexão. O presente texto apresenta uma das muitas possibilidades de classificação de sua obra***. Considera, para tanto, que seu pensamento e a organização de seu trabalho percorre dois caminhos básicos, desde o campo das reflexões filosóficas sobre a natureza do espaço geográfico, até trabalhos de natureza empírica, quando buscava a reconstrução intelectual do mundo a partir das experiências específicas, dando destaque à categoria lugar.
This chapter guides the reader to the material in this book. It begins by outlining the meaning and rationale for agent-based models/modelling (ABM), focusing on their history, how they evolved and ...how they sit within the broader context of modelling and simulation for geographical systems. Three themes which we see essential to ABM are then outlined, namely the question of detail versus model and data parsimony of which ABM represents the former, questions of model validation that flow from this, and lastly issues about the extent to which ABM is a generic or specific style in terms of applications. We examine the essence of such models in terms of the way behaviour is modelled using various rules, and then we discuss technical issues such as computation, visualization, error, and schemes for model design. All this sets the context for the various chapters that follow. We conclude by explaining briefly what is contained in each chapter and by guiding the reader in how best to use this book.
Le concept de propriété dans la géographie politique de Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1904). Ratzel a élaboré une théorie géographique de l'État qu'il a complétée d'une théorie de la propriété. Si la ...première a été largement commentée, la seconde par contre n'a pas fait l'objet d'analyses critiques. Or il s'agit là d'une grave lacune, car, dans la conception ratzélienne, l'État ne peut être séparé de la propriété. Cette dernière institution est, en effet, selon lui, l'élément fondamental de la « constitution interne » de l'État. Afin de corriger cette situation, notre objectif est de retracer et d'analyser le cheminement qui a conduit Ratzel à énoncer sa théorie de la propriété. The concept of property in Friedrich Ratzel's political geography. Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1904) worked out a geographical theory of state which he completed with a theory of property. Although the first was widely commented, his theory of property has never been the subject of any critical analysis. This might be a serious deficiency because, in Ratzel's view, the state cannot be separate from property, which, according to him, is the basic element of the state " internal composition ". In order to put this situation right, we will try to relate and analyse Ratzel's process that led to his theory of property.
The most inadequately treated dimension in recent American geographical writing is the "vertical''dimension of ecological relationships. Man's impact on the land has been widely recognized, but ...influences from the natural environment upon man have been ignored. In Russia, however, despite the Marxist principle that economic causation is primary in social development, V. A. Anuchin has recently emphasized what I term "environmental causation.''He has found "geographical determinism,''or an overestimation of environmental causation, to be less dangerous than indeterminism, or the denial of causal relationships. Such views have led Anuchin to claim, contrary to Soviet tradition, that land should be given a price. Common basis exists for Soviet and Western geographers to combine an appreciation of environmental causation with forward-looking "idealistic''approaches to remaking the landscape.
The discipline of political ecology has its roots in the field of human geography, relying heavily on human geography's concepts of place, region, & scale. While the field of political ecology has ...expanded & developed, the field of human geography has been going through a period of reflection that has entailed the retheorizing of the key concepts political ecology have adopted. Focusing specifically on the concept of scale, this article discusses: how recent work in political ecology 'reflect(s), challenge(s), or incorporate(s) theoretical innovations in human geography'; shifts in the field of human geography that have impacted political ecology; & the contributions new political ecology to the reconceptualization of new theoretical trends in human geography. Adapted from the source document.
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