El pintor francés Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) fue el principal impulsor del Realismo dentro del arte europeo. En sus paisajes representó cavidades, fuentes, acantilados y diversas geoformas en ...Francia, Suiza y Bélgica. En su interés por la Geología jugaron un papel decisivo las excursiones por su provincia natal (Franco Condado), el contacto con los círculos científicos de la región, su amistad con el geólogo francés Jules Marcou, la controversia del Transformismo y la recepción de Darwin en Francia. Su forma de trabajar la materia pictórica sobre el lienzo puede calificarse también de geológica. La abundante producción de cuadros de esta temática y su aceptación en el mercado artístico se inscribe tanto en su percepción personal de la naturaleza y su compromiso social, como en el contexto de los inicios del turismo de masas y del surgimiento de una conciencia social acerca del valor patrimonial de los primeros “lugares de interés geológico”. El artista francés ofrece un testimonio de primera mano de los inicios del Geoturismo en Francia e influirá en otros artistas como Monet, Cézanne o en los del paisajismo realista español a la hora de abordar los aspectos geológicos del paisaje.
This paper provides an overview of the main researches carried out on geodiversity and related themes in Brazil in journals CAPES classification A1, A2, B1, and B2. Based on the survey carried out ...between 2010 and 2016, there was an increase, albeit small in concerning the number of publishers works, since for the 2010-2012 three-year period 29 publications were identified and, for the quadrennium of 2013-2016 this number totaled 35 articles. For the 2010-2012 triennium, the region of the country that displayed primacy over publications related to geodiversity and other related concepts, was the Southeast Region of the country, followed by the Northeast and South regions. For the 2013-2016 quadrennium, there was a concentration of surveys in the Northeast, followed by the Southeast and South. The surveys address the relationship between geodiversity and geotourism, discussing the importance of recognizing geodiversity and using sustainable bases for geotourism in the different regions of the country.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the Brazilian academic production at Masters and Doctorate level in geodiversity, geological heritage, geotourism and geoconservation issues. Five main ...aspects have been examined: the graduate programs where these works were developed, the profiles of the authors and counselors as well, and the distribution of this production, considering the Brazilian regions and states. The main results have pointed that: there was a significant increase in academic production from the first defense in 2003. There is a significant number of teachers counseling in this area. This production is heavily concentrated in institutions located in the Southeast, Northeast and South of Brazil, with very few researches developed in the Midwest and North regions. Most counselors have geology as their first graduation and most of the oriented students are undergraduate in geography where is concentrated the largest number of defenses.
Geological tourism (geotourism) is a global activity that represents an important research direction. The latter is very “young”, but has spread rapidly since the 2000s. The geographical pattern of ...geotourism research can be examined through a bibliographical survey. A total of 165 journal articles were selected on geotourism published by 417 specialists from 45 countries during the 2012–2014 term. Authors' affiliations and the focus of regional research were analyzed. The results demonstrate that geotourism research concentrates in Europe, East Asia, the Middle East, and South America. The largest research communities are active in Italy, Brazil, China, and Poland. Overall, geotourism studies are conducted on all continents (except for Antarctica). The results demonstrate the global scale of geotourism research. The spread of this concept also is shown by the evidence of the growth of national and international networks of specialists. There is no good explanation for the documented world distribution of geotourism research that can be fully confirmed. Such an outcome implies that the geographical pattern of this rising scientific discipline is determined by a set of puzzling factors that may be equally important.
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•417 specialists published 165 journal articles on geotourism in 2012–2014.•Large geotourism research communities in Italy, Brazil, China, Poland•Geotourism research concentrates in Europe, East Asia, Middle East, and South America.•Geotourism research is of a global scale.•No single explanation of world distribution of geotourism research is possible.
Geological heritage sites (geosites) are sites that contain information about the state and the dynamics of the Earth. Paleogeographical (paleoenvironmental) geosites preserve paleoenvironments, ...paleoecosystems, and other relevant phenomena. However, the value of these sites can only be fully understood through professional interpretation of the observed features. Description of paleogeographical geosites in terms of the paleospace and the geologic time they encompass is challenging, partially because of many uncertainties in the interpretations of a given geosite and in the paleogeographical, paleobiogeographical, and stratigraphical nomenclature. These geosites can be classified on the basis of facies, paleoecosystems, ichnological value, taphonomic patterns, major events and catastrophes, and geoarcheological potential that they exhibit. Some geosites comprise several subtypes, and some are especially important for construction of paleogeographical maps. Moreover, the paleogeographical geosite type always associates with other types of geosites (20 in total). These combinations form complex geosites that contribute to geodiversity. If information about the Earth's past is especially valuable for a given complex geosite, then the paleogeographical type is dominant.
Este trabajo pone en valor el patrimonio geológico de un sector de la costa calcárea oriental asturiana, caracterizando cuantitativa y cualitativamente las morfologías singulares. Para ello, se ha ...realizado un análisis de los principales elementos kársticos-marinos observadas en estos acantilados. También se ha generado un inventario lo más amplio posible de las morfologías presentes, en las que destacan los bufones, estando representados en dos campos, el de Pría y el de Arenillas, los cuales pueden considerarse como la mayor concentración de éstos de Europa y posiblemente del mundo. Y finalmente se realizó un estudio detallado de los contactos entre estratos, midiendo las direcciones de desarrollo de fallas y diaclasas en aquellos de mayor extensión. En esta costa, además de las formas kársticas y kárstico-marinas de varios tipos, pueden observarse otros tipos de elementos ligados a la dinámica litoral como playas y estuarios confinados. Algunas de las formas ligadas al karst están incluidas en el Inventario Español de Lugares de Interés Geológico (IELIG). Dada su relevancia internacional se propone su incorporación al Proyecto Global GEOSITES.
This study focuses on evaluating the geological heritage of the Northern Apuseni Mountains in Romania, assessing the scientific, educational and tourism value of various geological elements. ...Geological heritage elements, such as rocks, formations, fossils, structures, and landscapes, offer valuable insights into unique geological events or phenomena. Understanding their significance is crucial for conservation and management purposes. Our study aims to identify and assess the degradation risk of eleven selected geosites based on specific criteria related to their vulnerability to deterioration and potential human impact. The assessment revealed that three geosites, namely the type locality of dacite (Poieni), the paleontological reserve Snail Hill from Vidra, and the Upper Cretaceous rudist-bearing shallow-marine deposit from Crișului Valley, have a high degradation risk, necessitating the development of targeted geoconservation plans. For the Runcuri Karst Plateau, Tășad Geological Reserve, Bedeleu Massif, Turda Gorges, and Călugări Karst Spring, we obtained a moderate degradation risk. Possibility of deterioration of the main or secondary geological elements, deficiency of legal protection, and the easy access of a large number of tourists are the main factors to contribute to the increased degradation risk. Low degradation risk was found for the geological structures located in the Padiș Karst Plateau and Galbena Valley. Their location within the Apuseni Natural Park provides the framework for legal protection. The geological elements in the Sighiștel Valley also present a low risk of degradation due to their location in a little known and visited area. Our results provide a comprehensive evaluation of degradation risk for geosites in the Northern Apuseni Mountains, offering insights into the specific factors contributing to their vulnerability and highlighting the need for protective measures. The research outcomes contribute to the broader field of geological heritage conservation and management, providing guidance on the presentation of scientific information and promoting the understanding and appreciation of geosites. Effective promotion strategies can enhance awareness and encourage sustainable tourism while safeguarding these unique geological features.
This work considers the occurrence of the giant trace fossil Megaplanolites ibericus from the Kimmeridgian of the Iberian Chain in Spain with the purpose of interpreting the palaeoenvironmental ...conditions favouring the occurrence and preservation of uncommon giant burrows. The studied section consists of a 32 m-thick succession of silty marlstones with marly-limestone beds and sandstone beds commonly ranging from 5 to 30 cm in thickness. Sandy marlstones present common foraminifera (mainly Lenticulina, Saracenaria and Epistomina) and ostracods. Some samples are composed almost exclusively by Epistomina. The sandstone beds are composed of medium to fine sand (in fining upwards sequences) with parallel lamination at the base as well as groove-casts and flute-casts on the under-surface. Ichnogenera Chondrites, ?Helicodromites, Nereites, Ophiomorpha, Planolites, Phycodes and Thalassinoides are observed in the marly-limestones and sandstones. The giant trace fossils, located in the lower surface of an indurated sandy marlstone bed of 40–50 cm thickness, are horizontal tubular burrows with a mean diameter of 19 cm reaching a maximum of 32 cm. Its maximum length observed in the outcrop is 10.57 m and there is a dominant palaeo-orientation ranging N 140–160° E. Traces are unbranched and unlined, commonly straight but some of them show a variably sinuosity. The record of ammonites and the abundance of Epistomina, which is related to open marine conditions and sea-level rise, indicate an environment relatively deep (>60 m) but with a high input of terrigenous, locally related to high energy deposits, in which Megaplanolites ibericus tracemaker (uncertain tracemaker) developed.
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