Lietuvoje globojančios šeimos klausimai analizuojami gana siaurai: daugiausiai žiūrima į globojamų vaikų gyvenimo kokybę, aptariami globėjų ir globojamų vaikų tarpusavio santykiai. Tačiau ...globojančioje šeimoje gali augti ir biologiniai vaikai, o jų balsas nėra pakankamai girdimas. Straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti globėjų biologinių vaikų patirtį šeimoje, globojančioje ne giminaitį vaiką, pabrėžiant globėjų vaikų vaidmenį globos procese. Straipsnio autorės atlikto kokybinio fenomenologinio tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kokį poveikį ne giminaičio vaiko globa daro globėjų vaikams, ką jie išgyvena; kas ir kaip, jų nuomone, šeimoje pasikeičia priėmus globoti ne giminaitį vaiką; kokį vaidmenį prisiima globos procese. Tai pirmasis tyrimas Lietuvoje, siekiantis apibūdinti gilesnį šio fenomeno supratimą taip kaip jį suvokia globėjų biologiniai vaikai.
Aim The magnitude of predicted range shifts during climate change is likely to be different for species living in mountainous environments compared with those living in flatland environments. The ...southern edges of ranges in mountain species may not shift northwards during warming as populations instead migrate up available elevational gradients; overall latitudinal range appears therefore to expand. In contrast, flatland species should shift range centroids northwards but not expand or contract their latitudinal range extent. These hypotheses were tested utilizing Late Pleistocene and modern occurrence data. Location North America. Methods The location and elevation of modern and Late Pleistocene species occurrences were collected from data bases for 26 species living in mountain or flatland environments. Regressions of elevation change over latitude, and southern and northern range edges were calculated for each species for modern and fossil data sets. A combination of regressions and ANOVAS were used to test whether flatland species shift range edges and latitudinal extents more than mountain species do. Results Flatland species had significantly larger northward shifts at southern range edges than did mountain-dwelling species from the Late Pleistocene to the present. There was also a significant negative correlation between the amount of change in the latitude of the southern edge of the range and the amount of elevational shifting from the Late Pleistocene to the present. Although significant, only c. 25% of the variance could be explained by this relationship. In addition, there was a weak indication that overall range expansion was less in flatland-dwelling than in mountain-dwelling species. Main conclusions The approach used here was to examine past species' range responses to warming that occurred after the last ice ages as a means to better predict potential future responses to continued warming. The results confirm predictions of differential southern edge and overall range shifts for species occupying mountain and flatland regions in North America. The findings may be broadly applicable in other regions, thus allowing better modelling of future range and distribution related responses.
Straipsnyje nagrinėjama vaikų globos namų deinstitucionalizacijos problema Lietuvoje, pateikiamos kai kurių globos namų socialinių darbuotojų įžvalgos ir patirtys šiuo pereinamuoju laikotarpiu. ...Institucinė vaiko globa pastaraisiais metais kritikuojama kaip ydinga vaiko visapusiškam vystymuisi ir ugdymui, tačiau pastebima, kad prasidėjusi sistemos pertvarka yra sudėtingas procesas, pastaraisiais metais daugiausia stringantis dėl politinės valios stokos, dalyvaujančių subjektų (valdžios institucijų, globos namų, bendruomenių, mokslininkų) aktyvaus ir darnaus veikimo bei bendradarbiavimo trūkumo. Kartu akivaizdu, kad vaikų globos namų deinstitualizacija yra nacionalinio lygmens problema ir šis procesas neįmanomas be didesnio visos visuomenės įsitraukimo ir žmonių sąmoningumo pokyčių.
We present findings from a case study of an innovative firm that developed blogging software and successfully leveraged that software for collaborative work in their global virtual firm. Ourshared ...understanding study shows that use of blogs was effective as it enhanced information sharing across locations to support three enablers of virtual work: shared understanding, integration, and trust. We synthesize five integrative mechanisms used by the firm: (1) aligning use of blogs and distributed work practices from firm inception, (2) utilizing a media ecology to support diverse needs and functions across locations (3) creating hiring practices that appropriately socialized newcomers into blog use and distributed work practices at the firm, (4) supporting continuous tailoring and adaptability of their software for supporting distributed work, and, (5) aligning blog use with firm's product development for continuous innovation. We discuss implications of the study.
The development of social care and common actions of Church, society and state in order to solve social problems are presented in the paper. The author describes the history of social care in ...Lithuania from its beginning until 1940. The beginning of social care in Lithuania is XVI century. The first social care organisations were initiated by monkhood. The elite, clergy and enlighten members of society established infirmaries and friendly societies. The education of children was organised in catholic tradition until the country was occupied by Russia. During the period of occupation, the institutions of childcare implemented the interests of Russia’s state. After the end of Lithuanian press ban, there was the increase in the number of friendly societies. The associations of organisations were established. The most famous were The Lithuanian Association of Mothers and Children Care Organisations and The Lithuanian Friendly Society of Catholic Women. Later the Union of Caritas joined the mentioned ones. In the fourth decade of XX century, there were initiatives to establish the school of social work and start the training of professional social workers.
Straipsnyje istoriniu požiūriu atskleidžiama socialinės globos raida ir bendros Bažnyčios, visuomenės ir valstybės pastangos, sprendžiant socialines problemas Lietuvoje. Tiriamas laikotarpis apima socialinės globos Lietuvoje istoriją iki 1940 metų. Darbe naudojamo dokumentų ir mokslinės literatūros analizės metodai. Analizės rezultatų pagrindu autorė teigia, kad socialinės globos Lietuvoje pradžia siekia XVI amžiaus pirmąją pusę. Globoti pirmiausia pradėjo vienuolynų brolijos, o špitolių, prieglaudų bei labdaringų draugijų steigimą inicijavo aukštuomenės, dvasininkijos bei išsilavinę visuomenės veikėjai. Iki carinės Rusijos okupacijos visose vaikų prieglaudose jų ugdymas vyko katalikiška dvasia, o vėliau šios įstaigos vykdė rusų valstybinius interesus. Po spaudos atgavimo visuomeninių organizacijų skaičius bei veikla įgavo platų užmojį. Daugelis visuomeninių ir religinių draugijų jungėsi į sąjungas ir savo veiklą plėtojo visoje Lietuvos teritorijoje. Žymiausios iš jų buvo dvi: Lietuvos Motinoms ir Vaikams globoti organizacijų sąjunga bei Lietuvos katalikių moterų draugija, vėliau - Caritas sąjunga. Pradedant XX a. ketvirtuoju dešimtmečiu buvo keliamas klausimas dėl socialinio darbo mokyklos steigimo ir socialinių darbuotojų profesionalaus rengimo.
21世紀社會和健康議題改變，臺灣物理治療界為所面臨的健康照顧需求增加，以及全球物理治療師執業範疇擴增，推行養成教育改革，然而有關於全球物理治療師執業與養成教育的資料有限。本論文的目的為回顧全球健康照顧與物理治療需求，以及物理治療師執業與養成教育的資料，並與臺灣資料相比。根據世界物理治療聯盟2021年度117個會員國調查顯示，63％會員國之人力密度＞1名物理治療師／1萬人口，81％需執照考或註冊，75％允許民眾直接就診，72％學校密度＞1所／500萬人口，80％執業最低教育資格為大學或研究所，66％含執業自主課程，72％設有研究所。世界物理治療聯盟新近公布的『物理治療師教育架構』，提供新設與改進養成教育的指引。與全球的資料相比，臺灣物理治療師的人力與學校密度，均在世界水準，養成教育含執業自主課程，並須通過國考方能執業，且已開始設立先進國家的Doctor of Physical Therapy學制；然其執業最低教育資格，設在專科級且民眾尚無法直接就診，以致物理治療師未能充分發揮完整照顧民眾健康的服務，此乃未來物理治療專業團體與政府部門須一起努力的方向。
The chaotic optimization method is a global optimization method to solve unconstrained optimization problems. Its superior search capability has been confirmed through applications to optimization ...problems which have high dimensional and multi-peaked objective functions. However, the chaotic optimization method has a drawback in that a parameter called initial sampling parameter has to be tuned on each optimization problem. In this study, we consider two approaches to perform the chaotic optimization method without the initial sampling parameter tuning. One is the initial sampling estimation method based on the characteristics of the chaotic optimization method. In this method, the sampling parameter at which the search trajectory bifurcates from the fixed point convergence to the two periodic solution trajectory, which is called the first bifurcating parameter, is computed from the approximation matrix to Hessian obtained by the quasi-Newton method. Then, suitable initial sampling parameter is estimated using this information. The other is the descent sign vector method. In this method, a descent sign vector extracted from a gradient vector is used as a search direction of a search point. Then, its moving distance is determined so that its search process shifts from the global search to the local search. We compare two methods and their hybrid method through numerical experiments for various optimization problems.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi levantar e avaliar a frota de veículos de passeio brasileira, com vinte anos ou mais de uso, movidos à gasolina, bem como quantificar suas emissões de dióxido de ...carbono. A intenção foi avaliar o investimento necessário para retirar esses veículos de circulação, confrontando-o com as emissões evitadas e com o valor de mercado dessas emissões. Pelos resultados encontrados as emissões fósseis de CO2 evitadas, com a retirada de circulação destes veículos são de aproximadamente sete milhões e duzentos mil créditos de carbono.
Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disorder with a wide clinical spectrum. NPC is caused by a lack of cholesterol transport proteins. In recent years, various lipid-derived ...biomarkers for NPC have been identified, suggesting extensive abnormal metabolism of various lipids. Global metabolomics is a technique that enables qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis based on accurate mass spectrometry combined with liquid chromatography. It is also useful for identifying biomarkers. In this study, a global metabolomics approach was applied to serum from patients with NPC to clarify lipid metabolism abnormalities. Serum samples were analyzed by liquid chromatographic separation with gradient elution and high-resolution mass spectrometry. After post-processing, all datasets were subjected to multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis showed overlapping of sample groups between healthy subjects and NPC patients. Orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis detected characteristic peaks corresponding to metabolites such as N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholine-serine and sphingosylphosphorylcholine, which have previously been reported as biomarkers of NPC. Novel changes in levels of metabolites such as lysophosphatidylinositol were also observed in NPC, and peaks indicating the existence of a novel metabolic pathway, involving metabolites such as N-acylserine, were also detected. These results indicate that global metabolomics is useful for comprehensive analysis of metabolic changes in NPC pathology.
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