Dalam perkembangan teknologi video sangat dibutuhkan dalam masyarakat. Video merupakan salah satu sarana dalam menyampaikan informasi. Dengan menggunakan tayangan video apapun informasi yang ...disampaikan akan lebih menarik dan meyakinkan. Sebab video merupakan sarana simulasi tentang apa yang akan diinformasikan kepada orang. Banyak aplikasi baru yang bermunculan dalam editing video. Namun pengguna aplikasi hanya sekedar memotong dan juga menggabungkan video sesuai dengan keinginan masing-masing pengguna. Dalam proses editing video tidak cukup hanya sekedar memotong dan menggabungkan saja, namun ada konsep dan teori supaya video bisa dinikmati oleh siapa saja yang melihatnya. Pondok Pesantren Darul Falah merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan yang begitu pesat perkembangannya di wilayah Ponorogo. Mulai dari system dan konsep belajar mengajarnya saja namun dari pihak yayasan sangat memperhatikan bekal kemampuan ketrampilan untuk para santri. Untuk mendukung dan mengembangkan ketrampilan santri yayasan Darul Falah memberikan beberapa kegiatan life skill sebagai bekal. Jadi santri bukan hanya paham dalam ilmu pengetahuan umum dan agama saja, namun ketrampilan juga dikembangkan. Tujuan pengembangan ekstra life skill ini adalah, santri nantinya trampil dan cekatan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sesuai bidang yang ditekuni. Contoh life skill yang ada di Ponok Pesantren Darul Falah adalah life skill Pembelajaran editing video. Tujuan dari life skill pembelajaran editing video diharapkan santri mampu membuat video pendek, iklan, bahkan mereka mampu membuat film sebagai media dakwah sesuai dengan tujuan utama. Dengan merancang aplikasi ini diharapkan hasil belajar siswa dapat lebih makasimal dalam editing video.
Sulla scorta delle precedenti ricerche condotte da Franco Moretti e Michal Ginsburg, in questo contributo i mezzi della social network analysis vengono sperimentalmente applicati allo studio della ...trama dell’Orlando furioso. In particolare si adoperano due grafi per esaminare le connessioni tra alcuni personaggi del poema, dando evidenza visiva dello sviluppo centrifugo che regola i primi dodici canti e della dinamica accentratrice prevalente negli ultimi tredici.
Abstract
Hybrid taxa from the genus Pelophylax can propagate themselves in a modified way of sexual reproduction called hybridogenesis ensuring the formation of clonal gametes containing the genome ...of only one parental (host) species. Pelophylax grafi from South-Western Europe is a hybrid composed of P. ridibundus and P. perezi genomes and it lives with a host species P. perezi (P-G system). Yet it is unknown, whether non-Mendelian inheritance is fully maintained in such populations. In this study, we characterize P. perezi and P. grafi somatic karyotypes by using comparative genomic hybridization, genomic in situ hybridization, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and actinomycin D-DAPI. Here, we show the homeology of P. perezi and P. grafi somatic karyotypes to other Pelophylax taxa with 2n = 26 and equal contribution of ridibundus and perezi chromosomes in P. grafi which supports F1 hybrid genome constitution as well as a hemiclonal genome inheritance. We show that ridibundus chromosomes have larger regions of interstitial (TTAGGG)n repeats flanking the nucleolus organizing region on chromosome no. 10 and a high quantity of AT pairs in the centromeric regions. In P. perezi, we found species-specific sequences in metaphase chromosomes and marker structures in lampbrush chromosomes. Pericentromeric RrS1 repeat sequence was present in perezi and ridibundus chromosomes, but the blocks were stronger in ridibundus. Various cytogenetic techniques applied to the P-G system provide genome discrimination between ridibundus and perezi chromosomal sets. They could be used in studies of germ-line cells to explain patterns of clonal gametogenesis in P. grafi and broaden the knowledge about reproductive strategies in hybrid animals.
The structure and dynamics of networks Newman, Mark; Barabási, Albert-László; Watts, Duncan
2006., 20111023, 2011, 2006, 2006-05-23, 20060101, Letnik:
12
eBook
From the Internet to networks of friendship, disease transmission, and even terrorism, the concept--and the reality--of networks has come to pervade modern society. But what exactly is a network? ...What different types of networks are there? Why are they interesting, and what can they tell us? In recent years, scientists from a range of fields--including mathematics, physics, computer science, sociology, and biology--have been pursuing these questions and building a new "science of networks." This book brings together for the first time a set of seminal articles representing research from across these disciplines. It is an ideal sourcebook for the key research in this fast-growing field.
Using corpus research methods, this study aims to establish whether there are two-item and, more generally, multi-item distant co-occurrence patterns of connectives in written Japanese, and further, ...to clarify the role these patterns play in discourse. The study is based on a hybrid corpus of written Japanese including Humanities and social science papers, Science and technology papers, and general written language data. The co-occurrence threshold was set at co-occurrence frequency > 10, PMI value > 2, and Dice coefficient > 0.01. The distribution of the observed co-occurring pairs differed according to the genre. Visualization of the connectivity potential of co-occurring pairs as directed graphs showed that these co-occurring pairs constitute longer co-occurrence chains which can be interpreted as ready-made co-occurrence patterns. Two-item and multi-item co-occurrence patterns are considered a type of Bourdieu’s habitus and contribute to both discourse development and discourse prediction.
Within the genus Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) the L. inermis species group comprises 17 – 18 species in which males lack the characteristic tergal abdominal ornamentation of many Leuctra species, ...and females have an accessory receptacle in the dorsal portion of the vagina. Taxonomically the group is challenging, and congruence of existing morphological species concepts and phylogenetic relationships of taxa is hitherto not assessed. Here, we estimate phylogenetic relations of morphologically defined species by concatenated maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian combined species tree and species delimitation analysis. We aim to clarify the status of 15 European species of the L. inermis group and 2 potential new species. To this end, we infer relationships on a 2580 bp, 4 loci (mtCOI, mt12S, nuH3, nu28S) molecular sequence dataset. We further depict abdominal terminalia with their morphological characteristics for 15 L. inermis group species, and describe 2 micro-endemic species from the Southern Alps and the Apennine Mountains corroborated by distinct morphological and molecular characteristics. Our analyses support close relationships of the L. inermis group species and corroborate the a priori morphological definition of all included species. However, relationships among species are largely unresolved, indicative of a putatively recent diversification of the group. Phylogenetic inference suggests sister taxon relationships between morphologically similar species. Morphological variation within single species is linked to geographical location of populations. Our results thus suggest that further study on the differentiation of geographically isolated populations as distinct lineages or species is warranted. Based on the high number of regional endemic lineages and species we highlight the necessity to protect high-altitude aquatic habitats.
Pelophylax perezi is an Iberian green waterfrog with high tolerance to habitat alteration that at times shows local population growth and demographic expansion, even where other species decline. ...However, pond destruction, invasive predators and hybridisation with other European waterfrog species (P. ridibundus) threaten many of its populations across its range. Hybrids of P. perezi and P. ridibundus (P. kl. grafi) can breed successfully with the former parental species after discarding the whole P. perezi genome in the germinal line, thus representing a sexual parasite for P. perezi. However, little is known about the extent of the contact zone of this hybridogenetic complex. Due to the morphological similarity of the three taxa, molecular tools are needed to delineate their respective ranges. Here we characterise a set of 16 microsatellite markers specifically developed for P. perezi. These markers showed moderate to high polymorphism (2-17 alleles/locus) in two populations from central Spain (n=20 and n=23), allowing individual identification of frogs. Seven of these markers cross-amplified in individuals of P. ridibundus from southern France (3-8 alleles/locus). These markers were used to genotype samples along a transect from southern France to eastern Spain, encompassing both pure and hybrid individuals. Sample assignment to each taxon was based on the new microsatellite loci and compared with nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data. Our results show that these markers are useful to distinguish P. ridibundus, P. perezi and the hybrid form P. kl. grafi from each other, even when sample sizes are low. The newly characterised markers will also be useful in demographic and phylogeographic studies in P. perezi and are thus a valuable tool for evolutionary and conservation oriented research.
Amaç: Bu çalışmada hemofilik artropatinin radyolojik değerlendirilmesind, direkt grafi ve manyetik rezonans görüntülemesi karşılaştırılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Toplam 23 erkek hemofili A hastasında, ...109 eklemde hemofilik artropatinin direkt grafi ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleme bulguları kıyaslandı. İki yöntem uyumu kappa istatistiği ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Manyetik rezonans görüntülemede efüzyon 17, hemartroz 48, kartilaj kaybı 29, osteonekroz 30, kopmuş parça 3 eklemde izlendi. Direkt grafileri normaldi. Direkt grafide osteoporoz 16, epifizyal genişleme 16, subkondral yüzey düzensizliği 30, eklem aralıklarında daralma 28, eklem ilişki bozukluğu 2, eklem deformitesi 7 eklemde izlenirken, manyetik rezonans görüntülemeleri normaldi. Direkt grafide erozyon olan 3 eklemde, manyetik rezonans görüntüleme negatifti. Direkt grafi ile manyetik rezonans görüntüleme arasında erozyon ve sinovyal hipertrofi değerlendirmesinde zayıf, subkondral kist için orta düzeyde uyum vardı.
Sonuç: Hemofili hastalarında manyetik rezonans görüntüleme, eklem içi efüzyon/hemartrozu, sinovyal hipertrofiyi, kartilaj kaybını, erozyon/subkondral kistleri, osteonekrozu ve kopmuş parçayı değerlendirmede direkt grafi’ye bariz üstündür. Manyetik rezonans görüntülemenin özellikle sinovyal hipertrofi ve hemartrozu saptamadaki duyarlılığı, profilaksi yapılacak hastaları belirlemede ve sinovektomi kararı almada kullanımını kaçınılmaz kılmaktadır.
This introduction to some of the principal models in the theory of disordered systems leads the reader through the basics, to the very edge of contemporary research, with the minimum of technical ...fuss. Topics covered include random walk, percolation, self-avoiding walk, interacting particle systems, uniform spanning tree, random graphs, as well as the Ising, Potts, and random-cluster models for ferromagnetism, and the Lorentz model for motion in a random medium. Schramm–Löwner evolutions (SLE) arise in various contexts. The choice of topics is strongly motivated by modern applications and focuses on areas that merit further research. Special features include a simple account of Smirnov's proof of Cardy's formula for critical percolation, and a fairly full account of the theory of influence and sharp-thresholds. Accessible to a wide audience of mathematicians and physicists, this book can be used as a graduate course text. Each chapter ends with a range of exercises.
Este artículo describe el diseño de un microcanal rectangular óptimo, construido con grafi to de alta conductividad térmica (HTCG). Para simular el disipador de microcanales propuesto se utilizó el ...modelo de resistencia térmica total y el criterio de minimización de la generación de entropía. Para solucionar el problema de optimización, se utilizó el algoritmo de enjambre de partículas unifi cado (UPSO). Los resultados mostraron un efecto marcado al utilizar este conductor térmico, en comparación con materiales tradicionales (tales como aluminio), y utilizando aire y amoniaco gaseoso como fl uidos de trabajo. También se reporta el efecto relativo de las resistencias térmicas de constricción, de convección y del fl uido, sobre la resistencia térmica equivalente total. Como un ejemplo demostrativo del efecto causado al cambiar la naturaleza del refrigerante, se seleccionó un nanofl uido de dióxido de titanio. Se encontró que el número de Nusselt es perceptiblemente menor, cuando se utiliza un nanofl uido como refrigerante y cuando el material con que está construido el microcanal es HTCG.
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