Introduction: Equitable geographical distribution of healthcare system initiatives, aimed at increasing quality and economic efficiency, is a crucial aspect of ensuring access to healthcare services. ...This study seeks to elucidate the contextual, procedural, and outcome factors of health marketing in Iran, with a focus on enhancing and improving health services. Methods: This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The sampling method employed was purposive, resulting in the participation of 51 experts. The study data were analyzed using content analysis. Findings: The findings of this study have been categorized into conceptual subgroups, including causal conditions, foundational components, strategies, contextual factors, intervening factors, and consequences of implementation. Conclusion: Adopting an effective health marketing model can create opportunities for service providers to generate sufficient income, thereby motivating them to deliver high-quality services. Attracting ample income, in addition to ensuring service quality for recipients, will also lead to their satisfaction with the healthcare system and contribute to the continuous provision of desirable services.
•This paper presents the results of an analysis of the healthcare system’s adaptive capacity for absorbing into practice fourth industry revolution solutions.•The paper identifies the main healthcare ...system’s adaptive capacity determinants.•Human capital is the most significant factor in adopting Health 4.0 technologies.•A lack of long-term vision can hinder the implementation of advanced health technologies.
We are witnessing the rapid development of new technologies, sophisticated devices and related applications fuelled by the fourth industrial revolution in healthcare systems. The aim of this paper is to identify the key determinants of the healthcare system’s adaptive capacity to respond to the outcomes of the fourth industrial revolution. Through a narrative literature review, the main healthcare system’s adaptive capacity determinants are identified and then examined through explorative and qualitative research based on data gathered from interviews with experts from the Polish healthcare system. We conclude that research on the adaptability of the healthcare system remains in its early stages, and the most significant healthcare determinants of adaptive capacity for the fourth industrial revolution are human capital, financial resources, and legal regulations. We also note a lack of long-term vision for the healthcare system in Poland, which can hinder the implementation of advanced health technologies. The article ends with recommendations for future research directions.
Extensive research has been dedicated to the exploration of various technologies such as information technologies (IT) in complementing and strengthening existing healthcare services. In particular, ...the Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely applied to interconnect available medical resources and provide reliable, effective and smart healthcare service to the elderly and patients with a chronic illness. The aim of this paper is to summarize the applications of IoT in the healthcare industry and identify the intelligentization trend and directions of future research in this field. Based on a comprehensive literature review and the discussion of the achievements of the researchers, the advancement of IoT in healthcare systems have been examined from the perspectives of enabling technologies and methodologies, IoT-based smart devices and systems, and diverse applications of IoT in the healthcare industries. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the development of IoT based healthcare systems are discussed in detail.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become a serious hidden threat to human health. Because they are chronic circulatory diseases, we should detect and prevent them in real time to minimize damage to ...human health. The ideal solution to overcome the problems of the clinical biochemical analyzer is to connect the biochemical sensor to the Internet. The broadcast television network has access to the broadband network through the set-top box. At present, the market is undergoing rapid development. Furthermore, with the introduction of Industry 4.0, cyber-physical systems have become key framework technology, as their potential for implementation in smart home applications is high. Through the use of a typical household universal television device, we linked a total cholesterol and triglyceride test strip with a television controller to realize a method for remote cardiovascular disease management and prevention. Additionally, a cyber-physical healthcare system was added to the broadcast television network for in-home CVD diagnosis and family health management. By exploiting the portable, fast, and simple features afforded by the Internet of Things, the proposed remote medical device has satisfied the family monitoring requirements, and is expected to be widely applied in the near future.
This review provides a summary of the latest developments and advantages of smart wearable health monitoring systems based on flexible gas sensors in practical electronic applications. Additionally, ...various strategies for wearable health sensing systems, such as flexibility/stretchability, biocompatibility, self-healing, low power consumption, and self-powering, are outlined.
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•A comprehensive review of the latest developments in flexible gas sensors.•Explored various flexible gas sensors design concepts and developed healthcare applications.•Discussed the future prospects and challenges of flexible gas sensors.
Wearable health monitoring technologies have garnered extensive public attention, leading to significant economic and societal impacts. These advancements have prompted changes in medical practices and personal lifestyles. Among these innovations, flexible gas sensing systems have become crucial devices in wearable technology, capable of detecting various stimuli associated with exhaled biomarkers or specific environments. In recent years, there have been substantial advancements in the commercialization and research of flexible gas sensors. In the realm of health monitoring, research has primarily focused on flexibility, biocompatibility, low power consumption, miniaturization, and integration. This study provides a summary of the latest developments and advantages of smart wearable health monitoring systems based on flexible gas sensors in practical electronic applications. Additionally, it outlines various strategies for wearable health sensing systems, such as flexibility/stretchability, biocompatibility, self-healing, low power consumption, and self-powering. Furthermore, the potential applications of wearable gas sensing systems in healthcare are briefly discussed. The conclusion presents challenges and prospects in this field.
To assess the current state of the opioid overdose crisis along three major axes: drug markets and patterns of use, the effectiveness of systems of care, and international developments.
Overdose is a ...major contributor to mortality and disability among people who use drugs. The increasing number of opioid overdoses in North America especially is an indication of changing drug markets and failing regional systems of care. Globally, we see three clusters of overdose prevalence: (1) a group of countries led by the United States with historically high rates of opioid overdose, (2) a group of countries with increasing rates within a concerning range, (3) a group with very low rates. The contamination of street drugs, the quality and accessibility of treatment, and the overall system of care all contribute to the prevalence of overdose.
Drug markets and pattern of consumption in parts of the world are shifting towards contamination and opioids like fentanyl as the drug of choice, which dismantles insufficient and largely ineffective systems of care. Furthermore, outside of North America, more countries like Estonia, Lithuania, Sweden, Finland, and Norway show very concerning numbers. Without a consistent system response, effects will be devastating.
The sudden spread of the coronavirus in the world has affected the healthcare system of countries worldwide, while the policymakers did not have enough time to adapt and adjust the response, which ...has led to unprecedented disruption in the global healthcare system. Since the healthcare system of any country is the basic foundation for to fight against COVID-19 at the national level, the question has become a serious concern, is the current healthcare system qualified to respond to the pandemic?. Evidence shows that, despite all advances in the past decades, the sudden outbreak of Covid-19 has made health care systems incapable of managing the disease, especially in the field of diagnosis and screening. In Iran, besides all the common challenges of COVID-19, international sanctions and the traditional nature of the healthcare system have doubled the challenge of controlling Covid-19. Iran's healthcare system must be updated based on artificial intelligence technology and the Internet of Things to deal with the present and possible future mutations. Remote medicine and care are among the most critical components. This update leads to reducing face-to-face visits, remote service delivery, clinical decision-making, compensating for the lack of human resources, and creating patient-centered collaboration through the medical data sharing system to prevent the spread of the virus. And finally, it is essential to use the experiences of other countries to improve the health system. Establishing public-private partnership Entering, empowering, training, and enhancing the skills of the medical community to adapt to digital methods and technologies, implementing the public health care system, paying attention to the technology of hardware and software infrastructures and the culture of using Information technology in the health system helps in improving the structure from being traditional to digital.
•The proposed template synthesis method can reduce the intra-subject gait fluctuation.•The proposed arbitration-based score level fusion method can improve the recognition rate.•The effects of the ...cycle- and fixed length- based template construction methods were studied.•The robustness of the proposed method was verified under various ground conditions.
The increasing scope of sensitive personal information that is collected and stored in wearable healthcare devices includes physical, physiological, and daily activities, which makes the security of these devices very essential. Gait-based identity recognition is an emerging technology, which is increasingly used for the access control of wearable devices, due to its outstanding performance. However, gait-based identity recognition of elderly users is more challenging than that of young adults, due to significant intra-subject gait fluctuation, which becomes more pronounced with user age. This study introduces a gait-based identity recognition method used for the access control of elderly people-centred wearable healthcare devices, which alleviates the intra-subject gait fluctuation problem and provides a significant recognition rate improvement, as compared to available methods. Firstly, a gait template synthesis method is proposed to reduce the intra-subject gait fluctuation of elderly users. Then, an arbitration-based score level fusion method is defined to improve the recognition accuracy. Finally, the proposed method feasibility is verified using a public dataset containing acceleration signals from three IMUs worn by 64 elderly users with the age range from 50 to 79 years. The experimental results obtained prove that the average recognition rate of the proposed method reaches 96.7%. This makes the proposed method quite lucrative for the robust gait-based identification of elderly users of wearable healthcare devices.
Federated Learning (FL) is a platform for smart healthcare systems that use wearables and other Internet of Things enabled devices. However, source inference attacks (SIAs) can infer the connection ...between physiological data in training datasets with FL clients and reveal the identities of participants to the attackers. We propose a comprehensive smart healthcare framework for sharing physiological data, named FRESH, that is based on FL and ring signature defense from the attacks. In FRESH, physiological data are collected from individuals by wearable devices. These data are processed by edge computing devices (e.g., mobile phones, tablet PCs) that train ML models using local data. The model parameters are uploaded by edge computing devices to the central server for joint training of FL models of disease prediction. In this procedure, certificateless ring signature is used to hide the source of parameter updates during joint training for FL to effectively resist SIAs. In the proposed ring signature schema, an improved batch verification algorithm is designed to leverage additivity of linear operations on elliptic curves and to help reduce the computing workload of the server. Experimental results demonstrate that FRESH effectively reduces the success rate of SIAs and the batch verification method significantly improves the efficiency of signature verification. FRESH can be applied to large scale smart healthcare systems with FL involving large numbers of users.
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