Although Candida species are normal flora elements of the body, they can cause various diseases from mucocutaneous infections to candidemia. The presence of a central venous catheter, use of ...broad-spectrum antibiotics, parenteral nutrition, dialysis, neutropenia, malignancy, and immunosuppressive treatments are the most reported risk factors for candidemia. Complications that develop during follow-up increase both morbidity and mortality. The incidence of fungal infections has been increasing in recent years. This increase is also seen in intravenous drug users. In these patients, candidemia can cause serious life-threatening complications including septicemia and end-organ failure. To date, no cases of intravenous drug use-related candidemia have been reported in our country. This patient represents the first documented case. In this case, we aim to draw attention to the relationship between intravenous drug use and candidemia.
Acute respiratory infections remain a leading cause of death among young children in low- and middle-income countries. The etiological diagnosis of these infections is challenging due to the ...similarity in clinical presentations and overlapping symptoms caused by various pathogens. This database provides comprehensive epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, and biological data on 801 Moroccan children admitted to the Children's Hospital of Rabat for the management of Clinical Severe Pneumonia. Identification of the pathogens responsible of respiratory infections was carried out using blood samples for hemoculture, standard bacterial culture and multiplex RT-PCR using the TrueScience RespiFinder Pathogen Identification Panel (Applied Biosystems).
Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that infect bacteria, are found in abundance not only in the environment but also in the human body. The use of phages for the diagnosis of melioidosis, a tropical ...infectious disease caused by
, is emerging as a promising novel approach, but our understanding of conditions under which
prophages can be induced remains limited. Here, we first demonstrated the isolation of
phages from the hemocultures of melioidosis patients. The
-positive hemoculture bottles were filtered to remove bacteria, and then phages were isolated and purified by spot and double agar overlay plaque assays. Forty blood samples (hemoculture-confirmed melioidosis) were tested, and phages were found in 30% of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy and genome analysis of the isolated phages, vB_HM387 and vB_HM795, showed that both phages are Myoviruses. These two phages were stable at a pH of 5-7 and temperatures of 25-37°C, suggesting their ability to survive in human blood. The genome sizes of vB_HM387 and vB_HM795 are 36.3 and 44.0 kb, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that vB_HM387 has homologs, but vB_HM795 is a novel Myovirus, suggesting the heterogeneity of
phages in melioidosis patients. The key finding that
phages could be isolated from the blood of melioidosis patients highlights the potential application of phage-based assays by detecting phages in blood as a pathogen-derived biomarker of infection.
Background
Sepsis is a life‐threatening condition for which critically important antimicrobials are often indicated. The value of blood culture for sepsis is indisputable, but appropriate guidelines ...on sampling and interpretation are currently lacking in cattle.
Objective
Compare the diagnostic accuracy of 2 blood culture media (pediatric plus PP and plus aerobic PA) and hypoglycemia for bacteremia detection. Estimate the contamination risk of blood cultures in critically ill calves.
Animals
One hundred twenty‐six critically ill calves, 0 to 114 days.
Methods
Retrospective cross‐sectional study in which the performance of PP, PA and hypoglycemia to diagnose sepsis was assessed using a Bayesian latent class model. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare time to positivity (TTP). Potential contamination was descriptively analyzed. Isolates were considered relevant when they were; member of the Enterobacterales, isolated from both blood cultures vials, or well‐known, significant bovine pathogens.
Results
The sensitivities for PP, PA, and hypoglycemia were higher when excluding assumed contaminants; 68.7% (95% credibility interval = 30.5%‐93.7%), 87.5% (47.0%‐99.5%), and 61.3% (49.7%‐72.4%), respectively. Specificity was estimated at 95.1% (82.2%‐99.7%), 94.2% (80.7%‐99.7%), and 72.4% (64.6%‐79.6%), respectively. Out of 121 interpretable samples, 14.9% grew a presumed contaminant in PA, PP, or both. There was no significant difference in the TTP between PA and PP.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
PA and PP appear to outperform hypoglycemia as diagnostic tests for sepsis. PA seems most sensitive, but a larger sample size is required to verify this. Accuracy increased greatly after excluding assumed contaminants. The type of culture did not influence TTP or the contamination rate.
Abstract Routine blood culture is used for the detection of bloodstream infections by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and by common pathogenic yeasts. A retrospective study was conducted in a public ...hospital in Maceió-AL, by collecting data of all medical records with positive blood cultures. Out of the 2,107 blood cultures performed, 17% were positive with Staphylococcus coagulase negative (51.14%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (11.21%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.32%). Gram-positive bacteria predominated among positive blood cultures, highlighting the group of Staphylococcus coagulase-negative. While Gram-negative bacteria had a higher number of species among positive blood cultures.
Resumo A cultura sanguínea de rotina é usada para a detecção de infecções na corrente sanguínea por bactérias aeróbias e anaeróbias e por leveduras patogênicas comuns. Estudo retrospectivo realizado em hospital público de Maceió-AL, por meio da coleta de dados de todos os prontuários com culturas sanguíneas positivas. Das 2.107 culturas sanguíneas realizadas, 17% foram positivas com Staphylococcus coagulase negativo (51,14%), seguido por Staphylococcus aureus (11,21%) e Klebsiella pneumoniae (6,32%). As bactérias Gram-positiva predominaram entre as culturas de sangue positivas, destacando-se o grupo das Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo. Enquanto as bactérias Gram-negativas apresentaram um número maior de espécies entre as culturas de sangue positivas.
Highlights • Hemoculture E. coli are more virulent compared to fecal E. coli. • Microcin production was typical for hemoculture E. coli isolates. • The E. coli isolates from hemocultures belonged ...mainly to phylogroup B2.
Lactococcus lactis and Pediococcus pentosaceus are rare pathogens which rarely caused infections in humans. Several cases with L. lactis endocarditis have been reported in the literature, among them ...few were caused by L. lactis subsp. Lactis. Opportunistic P. pentosaceus infections were rarely reported.
A 66-year-old man presented to our hospital due to persistent fever for 15 days. A physical checking revealed a grade II holosystolic murmur at the heart apex. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan suggested bronchitis. L. lactis subsp. lactis was identified in blood cultures. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed the presence of a large hyperechogenic mass in the left atrium, and a large floating vegetation on the mitral valve with a severe mitral regurgitation.
Infectious endocarditis caused by L. lactis subsp. Lactis was diagnosed.
Levofloxacin (0.5 g/day) was used for 20 days; however, L. lactis subsp. lactis remained to be isolated from blood culture. Therefore, vancomycin (2 g/day) was used to replace levofloxacin. Six days after the treatment with vancomycin, the blood culture revealed no L. lactis subspecies lactis, but yielded a growth of gram-positive and non-spore forming cocci; and P. pentosaceus was identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed P. pentosaceus was sensitive to penicillin and levofloxacin. Vancomycin was discontinued, and levofloxacin (0.5 g/day) was restarted and treated for another 7 days. The patient recovered with negative blood culture results, and discharged from the hospital.
The patient recovered with negative blood culture results, and discharged from the hospital.
Our patient had a long-period of antibiotic treatment with strategy alterations. Standard interpretation criteria of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for L. lactis should be established, and molecular tests will increase the identification rate of L. lactis infections.
Introduction: Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic gram-positive cocci causing systemic infection and severe acute meningitis in humans. Infection is involved in the exposure of contaminated pigs and raw ...pork. Endemic usually occurs in northern area of Thailand where people eat raw pork-derived products. Due to lacking of effective vaccines, an early diagnosis of S. suis infection is extremely important for disease control and prevention. Objective: To develop a rapid and high sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for investigation of S. suis. Materials and methods: Based on conserved sequences, glutamate dehydrogenase gene of S. suis was used as a target for LAMP primers design. The detection limit was compared with a conventional PCR. Thirty-four serotypes consisting of serotype 1-31, 32, 34 and 1/2 of S. suis were examined with the developed method. Specificity determination was tested with several blood-borne bacteria including other alpha and beta hemolytic Streptococcus spp. In addition, 25 clinical isolates and 30 positive hemocultures were resolved by established LAMP assay. Results: LAMP assay exhibited approximately 1,000 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR with a final bacterial load of approximately 12 colony forming unit (CFU). Thirty-four serotypes of S. suis were tested and 24 of those – serotype 2-4, 6-12, 14, 15, 17-19, 21, 24-26, 28-31 and 1/2 could be detected by LAMP technique. The assay demonstrated a high specificity without cross-reactivity to other bacteria. In addition, 25 clinical isolates and 2 out of 30 cases from positive hemocultures were successfully amplified by this method. Conclusion: LAMP assay developed is rapid and sensitive, and can be used for routine diagnosis of various serotypes of S. suis infection in clinical specimens. Bull Chiang Mai Assoc Med Sci 2016; 49(2): 207-217. Doi: 10.14456/jams.2016.23
Contaminated and infected wounds occur very frequently in veterinary medicine and can cause systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, and death. This study aimed to test the feasibility of ...collecting wound material by deep-tissue or punch biopsy for microbial culture, determine the frequency of bacteria in the wound(s) and blood cultures and the susceptibility of these microbes to antimicrobials, and evaluate clinical parameters that could be related to prognosis. Thirty dogs with wounds and signs of SIRS/sepsis were included in this study. Bacteria were isolated from all wounds and 41 bacterial isolates could be identified based on culture of the materials collected by punch biopsy; 53.66% of the isolates were gram-negative, mainly involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus spp., and 46.34% were gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. The survival rate was 66.67%. Based on blood culture analysis, we identified bacteremia in seven patients, predominantly of gram-negative bacteria, which negatively affected patient survival, as six dogs died. Hypoglycemia (≤60mg/dL) and severe hyperglycemia (≥180mg/dL) also negatively affected survival as 23.33% of the hypo/hyperglycemic dogs died. Factors such as blood lactate level at admission and hematocrit levels, and mean arterial pressure were not significantly correlated with death or survival of the dogs.
RESUMO: As feridas contaminadas e infectadas em cães ocorrem com grande frequência na medicina veterinária e podem causar síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica, sepse e morte. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram verificar a viabilidade da técnica de coleta de material da ferida por biópsia para realização de cultura microbiana, determinar a frequência das bactérias nas culturas das feridas e hemoculturas e a susceptibilidade destes agentes aos antimicrobianos, bem como avaliar parâmetros clínicos que pudessem ser relacionados ao prognóstico em 30 cães com feridas e sinais de SIRS/sepse. Foram isoladas bactérias de todas as feridas e a técnica de coleta de material para cultura por biópsia permitiu a obtenção de 41 agentes microbianos, sendo isoladas 53,66% bactérias Gram negativas e 46,34% Gram positivas, principalmente Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Enterococcus spp. As bactérias gram positivas isoladas foram Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. e Staphylococcus spp. A taxa de sobrevivência foi 66,67%. Na hemocultura constatou-se bacteremia em sete pacientes, com predominância de bactérias Gram negativas, o que influenciou negativamente na sobrevivência dos pacientes, pois seis cães vieram a óbito. A hipoglicemia (≤60mg/dL) ou hiperglicemia severa (≥180mg/dL), também influenciaram negativamente a sobrevivência, pois 23,33% dos pacientes hipo/hiperglicêmicos vieram a óbito. Já fatores como nível sérico de lactato na admissão do paciente, pressão arterial média (PAM) e hematócrito não apresentaram correlação estatística com o óbito ou sobrevivência destes pacientes.
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